期刊名称:PLOS GENETICS
期刊简介(About the journal)
投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)
编辑部信息(Editorial Board)
About the journal
PLOS Genetics (eISSN 1553-7404, ISSN 1553-7390) is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal published weekly by PLOS.
PLOS Genetics is run by an international Editorial Board, headed by the Editors-in-Chief, Greg Barsh (HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, and Stanford University School of Medicine) and Greg Copenhaver (The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill).
Articles published in PLOS Genetics are archived in PubMed Central and cited in PubMed.
Scope
Genetics and genomics research has grown at a bewildering pace in the past 15 years. The techniques of these fields are being applied to a wealth of biological questions and experimental systems. PLOS Genetics reflects the full breadth and interdisciplinary nature of this research by publishing outstanding original contributions in all areas of biology.
PLOS Genetics publishes human studies, as well as research on model organisms—from mice and flies, to plants and bacteria. Our emphasis is on studies of broad interest that provide significant insight into a biological process or processes. Topics include (but are not limited to) gene discovery and function, population genetics, genome projects, comparative and functional genomics, medical genetics, disease biology, evolution, gene expression, complex traits, chromosome biology, and epigenetics.
Please refer to our Author Guidelines and Frequently Asked Questions when you are preparing manuscripts for submission. If you are unsure whether your work is suitable for PLOS Genetics, you can send a Presubmission Inquiry.
Features
Open Access
PLOS applies the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to all works we publish. Under the CC BY license, authors retain ownership of the copyright for their article, but authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy articles in PLOS journals, so long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.
Publication Charges
To provide open access, PLOS journals use a business model in which our expenses—including those of peer review, journal production, and online hosting and archiving—are recovered in part by charging a publication fee to the authors or research sponsors for each article they publish. The fees vary by journal.
PLOS is committed to the widest possible global participation in open access publishing. To determine the appropriate fee, we use a country-based pricing model, which is based on the country that provides 50% or more of the primary funding for the research that is being submitted. Research articles funded by Upper Middle and High Income Countries incur our standard publication fees. Corresponding authors who are affiliated with one of our Institutional Members are eligible for a discount on this fee. Such authors will be informed of the discount applicable after submission of their manuscript.
Fees for Low and Lower Middle Income Countries are calculated according to the PLOS Global Participation Initiative pricing program for manuscripts submitted after 9am Pacific Time on September 4, 2012 (this program is not retroactive).
- Group One: Countries from this list will not be charged for publishing
- Group Two: Countries from this list will be charged a flat $500
Our fee waiver policy, whereby PLOS offers to waive or further reduce the payment required of authors who cannot pay the full amount charged for publication, remains in effect. Editors and reviewers have no access to whether authors are able to pay; decisions to publish are only based on editorial criteria.
Measures of Impact
At PLOS, we believe that articles in all journals should be assessed on their own merits rather than on the basis of the journal in which they were published. PLOS journals have therefore initiated a program to provide a growing set of measures and indicators of impact at the article level that will include citation metrics, usage statistics, blogosphere coverage, social bookmarks and expert assessment. The long-term vision is to bring the views and activities of entire communities to bear, using the wealth of opportunities offered online, to provide new, meaningful and efficient mechanisms for research assessment. For more information on article-level metrics see the PLOS blog.
About PLOS
PLOS is a non-profit organization of scientists and physicians committed to making the world's scientific and medical literature a freely available public resource. For more information about PLOS, visit www.plos.org.
Instructions to Authors
1. About PLOS Genetics
The techniques of genetics and genomics are being applied to a wealth of biological questions and experimental systems. PLOS Genetics reflects the full breadth and interdisciplinary nature of this research by publishing outstanding original contributions in all areas of biology. With immediate free access to all content, PLOS Genetics provides a unique venue for publishing genetics and genomics research, ensuring that authors reach the widest possible audience.
PLOS Genetics publishes human studies as well as research on model organisms—from mice and flies, to plants and bacteria. Our emphasis is on studies of broad interest that provide significant mechanistic insight into a biological process or processes. Topics include (but are not limited to) gene discovery and function, population genetics, genome projects, comparative and functional genomics, medical genetics, disease biology, evolution, gene expression, complex traits, chromosome biology, and epigenetics. Please consult our Frequently Asked Questions for further information.
2. Open Access
PLOS applies the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to all works we publish. Under the CC BY license, authors retain ownership of the copyright for their article, but authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy articles in PLOS journals, so long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.
3. Publication Charges
To provide open access, PLOS journals use a business model in which our expenses—including those of peer review, journal production, and online hosting and archiving—are recovered in part by charging a publication fee to the authors or research sponsors for each article they publish. The fees vary by journal.
PLOS is committed to the widest possible global participation in open access publishing. To determine the appropriate fee, we use a country-based pricing model, which is based on the country that provides 50% or more of the primary funding for the research that is being submitted. Research articles funded by Upper Middle and High Income Countries incur our standard publication fees. Corresponding authors who are affiliated with one of our Institutional Members are eligible for a discount on this fee. Such authors will be informed of the discount applicable after submission of their manuscript.
Fees for Low and Lower Middle Income Countries are calculated according to the PLOS Global Participation Initiative pricing program for manuscripts submitted after 9am Pacific Time on September 4, 2012 (this program is not retroactive).
- Group One: Countries from this list will not be charged for publishing
- Group Two: Countries from this list will be charged a flat $500
Our fee waiver policy, whereby PLOS offers to waive or further reduce the payment required of authors who cannot pay the full amount charged for publication, remains in effect. Editors and reviewers have no access to whether authors are able to pay; decisions to publish are only based on editorial criteria.
4. Criteria for Publication
To be considered for publication in PLOS Genetics, any given manuscript must satisfy the following criteria:
- Originality
- High importance to researchers in the field
- Broad interest to researchers in genetics and genomics
- Rigorous methodology
- Substantial evidence for its conclusions
5. Overview of Editorial Process
Our aim is to provide all authors with an efficient, courteous, and constructive editorial process. To achieve its required level of quality, PLOS Genetics is highly selective in the manuscripts that it publishes; rejection rates are high. To ensure the fairest and most objective decision-making, the editorial process is run as a partnership between the PLOS Genetics Editor-in-Chief, a Deputy Editor, a team of Section Editors (SEs), and a group of academic experts who act as Associate Editors (AEs). These individuals are leaders in their fields and represent the full breadth of genetics and genomics.
Submitted manuscripts are first reviewed by the EIC, Deputy Editor, or one of the SEs, who may decide to reject the paper or send it on to an AE for further review. The AE is most often a member of the PLOS Genetics Editorial Board, but occasionally a guest of the Board is invited to serve in this capacity. The AE evaluates the paper and decides whether it describes a sufficient body of work to support a major advance in a particular field. If so, the paper is sent out for external peer review, at which stage the technical and scientific merits of the work are carefully considered. Once the reviews have been received and considered by the editors, a decision letter to the corresponding author is drafted and sent.
The decision will be within one of the following categories:
- Reject
- Major revision
- Minor revision
- Accept
6. Presubmission Inquiries
When authors are unsure whether their work satisfies the basic requirements for publication in PLOS Genetics, we are happy to consider presubmission inquiries. If you would like to submit an informal presubmission inquiry to see if a manuscript is appropriate in principle, please login or register for a new account within our online submission system, and then submit your query by choosing 'Presubmission Inquiry' from the list of article types. Required for all Presubmission Inquiries are contact information, a cover letter, and an abstract.
Responses to these inquiries are normally provided within a few working days. Responses may take longer if consultation between members of the editorial board is required. If you are invited to submit your manuscript, we will do our best to provide an expeditious initial assessment of the complete manuscript for suitability and then, if warranted, external peer review.
7. Preparation of Research Manuscripts
PLOS Genetics publishes original research that clearly demonstrates novelty, importance to a particular field, biological significance, and conclusions that are justified by the study.
Our aim is to make the editorial process rigorous and consistent, and to offer the best possible support to our authors throughout this process. Authors are encouraged to decide how best to present their ideas, results, and conclusions, but all research should be presented in a form that is readable to those in the field, easily understood by scientists outside of the immediate discipline, and comprehensible to readers whose first language is not English. The writing style should therefore be concise and accessible. Care should be taken to define abbreviations clearly and to use correct genetic and systematic nomenclature.
We strongly encourage authors to seek input from their co-authors and colleagues with different expertise when preparing their manuscript for submission to ensure that the style of writing, clarity of meaning, and spelling, punctuation, and grammar are at a very high level. A variety of style and writing guides are available, including The Elements of Style (New York: bartleby.com, 1999) and "Preparing a Manuscript for Submission to a Biomedical Journal" (ICMJE). Editors and/or reviewers may also make suggestions for how to achieve optimal quality and clarity of presentation, as well as potential cuts or additions that could strengthen the manuscript.
Although we encourage submissions from around the globe, we require that manuscripts be submitted in English. As a step towards overcoming language barriers, we encourage authors fluent in other languages to provide copies of their full articles or abstracts in other languages. Non-English language versions should be submitted as supporting information and listed, together with other supporting information files, at the end of the article text.
Organization of the Manuscript
Most Research Articles published in PLOS Genetics are organized into the following sections: Title, Authors, Affiliations, Abstract, Author Summary, Introduction, Results, Discussion, Materials and Methods, Acknowledgments, References, Figure Legends, and Tables. Uniformity in format facilitates the experience of readers and users of the journal. To provide flexibility, however, authors are also able to include the Materials and Methods section before the Results section or before the Discussion section. Please also note that the Results and Discussion can be combined into one Results/Discussion section. Although we have no firm length restrictions for the entire manuscript, we urge authors to present and discuss their findings concisely.
Title (150 characters or less)
The title should be specific to the project, yet concise. It should be comprehensible to readers outside your field. Avoid specialist abbreviations, if possible. Titles should be presented in title case, meaning that all words except for prepositions, articles, and conjunctions should be capitalized. Please also provide a brief Short Title (or "running head") of no more than 50 characters.
Example title: Detection of Specific Sequences among DNA Fragments Separated by Gel Electrophoresis
Authors and Affiliations
Provide the first names or initials (if used), middle names or initials (if used), surnames, and affiliations—department, university or organization, city, state/province (if applicable), and country—for all authors. One of the authors should be designated as the corresponding author. It is the corresponding author's responsibility to ensure that the author list, and the summary of the author contributions to the study, is accurate and complete. If the article has been submitted on behalf of a consortium, all consortium members and affiliations should be listed after the Acknowledgments.
Abstract
The abstract of the paper should be succinct; it must not exceed 300 words. Authors should mention the techniques used without going into methodological detail and should summarize the most important results. While the abstract is conceptually divided into three sections (Background, Principal Findings, and Significance), please do not apply these distinct headings to the abstract within the article file. We would however encourage you to include Background, Principal Findings, and Significance headings within the abstract field of the submission system. Please do not include any citations and avoid specialist abbreviations.
Author Summary
We ask that all authors of research articles include a 150–200 word non-technical summary of the work as part of the manuscript to immediately follow the abstract. This text is subject to editorial change, should be written in the first-person voice, and should be distinct from the scientific abstract. Aim to highlight where your work fits within a broader context; present the significance or possible implications of your work simply and objectively; and avoid the use of acronyms and complex terminology wherever possible. The goal is to make your findings accessible to a wide audience that includes both scientists and non-scientists. Authors may benefit from consulting with a science writer or press officer to ensure they effectively communicate their findings to a general audience. Examples are available at:
Complex Seizure Disorder Caused by Brunol4 Deficiency in Mice
Genome-Wide Association Scan Shows Genetic Variants in the FTO Gene Are Associated with Obesity-Related Traits
A Mutation in the Myostatin Gene Increases Muscle Mass and Enhances Racing Performance in Heterozygote Dogs
Introduction
The introduction should put the focus of the manuscript into a broader context. As you compose the introduction, think of readers who are not experts in this field. Include a brief review of the key literature. If there are relevant controversies or disagreements in the field, they should be mentioned so that a non-expert reader can delve into these issues further. The introduction should conclude with a brief statement of the overall aim of the experiments and a comment about whether that aim was achieved.
Results
The results section should provide details of all of the experiments that are required to support the conclusions of the paper. There is no specific word limit for this section, but details of experiments that are peripheral to the main thrust of the article and that detract from the focus of the article should not be included. The section may be divided into subsections, each with a concise subheading. Large datasets, including raw data, should be submitted as supporting files; these are published online alongside the accepted article. The results section should be written in the past tense.
Discussion
The discussion should spell out the major conclusions of the work along with some explanation or speculation on the significance of these conclusions. How do the conclusions affect the existing assumptions and models in the field? How can future research build on these observations? What are the key experiments that must be done? The discussion should be concise and tightly argued. The results and discussion may be combined into one section, if desired.
Materials and Methods (also called Methods or Models)
This section should provide enough detail for reproduction of the findings. Protocols for new methods should be included, but well-established protocols may simply be referenced. While we do encourage authors to submit all appendices, detailed protocols, or details of the algorithms for newer or less well-established methods, please do so as Supporting Information files. These are not included in the typeset manuscript, but are downloadable and fully searchable from the HTML version of the article.
Acknowledgments
People who contributed to the work but do not fit the criteria for authors should be listed in the Acknowledgments, along with their contributions. You must also ensure that anyone named in the Acknowledgments agrees to being so named.
Details of the funding sources that have supported the work should be confined to the funding statement provided in the online submission system. Do not include them in the Acknowledgments.
References
Only published or accepted manuscripts should be included in the reference list. Papers that have been submitted but not yet accepted should not be cited. Limited citation of unpublished work should be included in the body of the text only as “unpublished data.” All “personal communications” citations should be supported by a letter from the relevant authors.
Style information:
- PLOS uses the numbered citation (citation-sequence) method and first five authors, et al.
- References are listed and numbered in the order that they appear in the text.
- In the text, citations should be indicated by the reference number in brackets.
- The parts of the manuscript should be in the correct order before ordering the citations: body, boxes, figure captions, tables, and supporting information captions.
- Abstracts and author summaries may not contain citations.
- Journal name abbreviations should be those found in the NCBI databases: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals.
Because all references will be linked electronically as much as possible to the papers they cite, proper formatting of the references is crucial. For convenience, a number of reference software companies supply PLOS style files (e.g., Reference Manager, EndNote).
Published Papers 1. Hou WR, Hou YL, Wu GF, Song Y, Su XL, et al. (2011) cDNA, genomic sequence cloning and overexpression of ribosomal protein gene L9 (rpL9) of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Genet Mol Res 10: 1576-1588.
Note: Use of a DOI number for the full-text article is acceptable as an alternative to or in addition to traditional volume and page numbers.
Accepted, unpublished papers Same as above, but “In press” appears instead of the page numbers.
Electronic Journal Articles 1. Huynen MMTE, Martens P, Hilderlink HBM (2005) The health impacts of globalisation: a conceptual framework. Global Health 1: 14. Available: http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/1/1/14. Accessed 25 January 2012.
Books 1. Bates B (1992) Bargaining for life: A social history of tuberculosis. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 435 p.
Book Chapters 1. Hansen B (1991) New York City epidemics and history for the public. In: Harden VA, Risse GB, editors. AIDS and the historian. Bethesda: National Institutes of Health. pp. 21-28.
Figure Legends
The aim of the figure legend should be to describe the key messages of the figure, but the figure should also be discussed in the text. An enlarged version of the figure and its full legend will often be viewed in a separate window online, and it should be possible for a reader to understand the figure without switching back and forth between this window and the relevant parts of the text. Each legend should have a concise title of no more than 15 words that can stand alone, without the use of figure part labels. The overall legend itself should be succinct, while still explaining all figure parts, symbols and abbreviations. Avoid lengthy descriptions of methods.
Tables
Tables should be included at the end of the manuscript file and cited sequentially in the text. All tables should have a concise title. Footnotes can be used to explain abbreviations. Citations should be indicated using the same style as outlined above. Tables should not occupy more than one printed page; larger tables can be published as online supporting information. Tables must be cell-based; do not use picture elements, text boxes, tabs, or returns in tables. Please ensure that all tables conform to our Guidelines for Figure and Table Preparation when preparing them.
Nomenclature
The use of standardized nomenclature in all fields of science and medicine is an essential step toward the integration and linking of scientific information reported in published literature. We will enforce the use of correct and established nomenclature wherever possible:
- We strongly encourage the use of SI units. If you do not use these exclusively, please also provide the SI value in parentheses after each value.
- Species names should be italicized (e.g., Homo sapiens) and the full genus and species must be written out in full, both in the title of the manuscript and at the first mention of an organism in a paper; after that, the first letter of the genus name, followed by the full species name may be used.
- Genes, mutations, genotypes, and alleles should be indicated in italics. Use the recommended name by consulting the appropriate genetic nomenclature database, e.g., HUGO for human genes. It is sometimes advisable to indicate the synonyms for the gene the first time it appears in the text. Gene prefixes such as those used for oncogenes or cellular localization should be shown in roman: v-fes, c-MYC, etc.
- The Recommended International Non-Proprietary Name (rINN) of drugs should be provided.
Accession Numbers
All appropriate datasets, images, and information should be deposited in public resources. Please provide the relevant accession numbers (and version numbers, if appropriate). Accession numbers should be provided in parentheses after the entity on first use. Suggested databases include, but are not limited to:
In addition, as much as possible, please provide accession numbers or identifiers for all entities such as genes, proteins, mutants, diseases, etc., for which there is an entry in a public database, for example:
Providing accession numbers allows linking to and from established databases and integrates your article with a broader collection of scientific information.
Abbreviations
Please keep abbreviations to a minimum and define them upon first use in the text. Non-standard abbreviations should not be used unless they appear at least three times in the text.
8. Materials Required for Manuscript Submission
Cover Letter
It is important that you include a cover letter with your manuscript. Please explain why this manuscript is suitable for publication in PLOS Genetics; why will your paper inspire the other members of your field, and how will it drive research forward? You are free to recommend a suitable Associate Editor to handle your submission; however, the editors reserve the right to contact an alternative—either from the board or a guest editor—if it is considered more appropriate. Please note that the cover letter will be available to the editors and to external peer reviewers as necessary, so be careful not to reveal anything of a confidential nature.
Author Status
It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to ensure that all authors are aware of and approve the submission of the manuscript, its content, authorship, and order of authorship. Confirmation of this action is required at submission of all manuscripts.
The involvement of any professional medical writer in publication must be declared. We encourage authors to consult the European Medical Writers\' Association Guidelines on the role of medical writers. For all PLOS journals, the corresponding author must submit the manuscript, related files, and all required data and information. From the point of submission through to publication, all communication related to that manuscript will be directed to and received from the corresponding author only.
PLOS Genetics bases its criteria for authorship on those outlined in the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals, which are summarized below. The contributions of all authors must be described. Contributions that fall short of authorship should be mentioned in the acknowledgments.
"Authorship credit should be based on
- substantial contribution to conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data;
- drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and
- final approval of the version to be published
Authors should meet conditions 1, 2, and 3.
When a large, multi-center group has conducted the work, the group should identify the individuals who accept direct responsibility for the manuscript (3). These individuals should fully meet the criteria for authorship defined above and editors will ask these individuals to complete journal-specific author and competing interests disclosure forms. When submitting a group author manuscript, the corresponding author should clearly indicate the preferred citation and should clearly identify all individual authors as well as the group name.
Acquisition of funding, collection of data, or general supervision of the research group, alone, does not justify authorship. All persons designated as authors should qualify for authorship, and all those who qualify should be listed. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content."
PLOS journals follow the COPE guidelines covering changes in authorship. Please note that if any changes to the list of authors of a manuscript are necessary after the initial submission of a manuscript to a PLOS journal but before its publication, the corresponding author may be asked to provide written confirmation that all authors consent to the change(s). The journal also reserves the right to request written confirmation from all authors (including those added, removed, or moved in the author order). Such written consent may be required before the revised submission is sent to the editors.
Financial Disclosure
This section should describe sources of funding that have supported the work. Please include relevant grant numbers and the URL of any funder\'s Web site. Please also include this sentence: "The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript." If this statement is not correct, you must describe the role of any sponsors or funders, and amend the aforementioned sentence as needed.
Competing Interests
The submitting author is asked at submission to declare, on behalf of all authors, whether there are any financial, personal, or professional interests that could be construed to have influenced the paper. The information entered here will appear in the published version, so please do not include the same in the manuscript file.
Reviewers are also asked to declare any interests that might interfere with their objective assessment of a manuscript. Any relevant competing interests of authors must be available to editors and reviewers during the review process and will be stated in published articles. Read more about PLOS\'s Competing Interests Policy.
Electronic Formats
Our submission system supports a limited range of formats for text and graphics. The following file formats/types and manuscript information are required before submission. If you are concerned about the suitability of your files, please contact us at plosgenetics [at] plos.org.
Manuscript and Table Files
Articles can be submitted for review in DOC, DOCX, RTF, or PDF. Any articles that have been prepared in LaTeX will be accepted for review, but only in PDF format. After acceptance, only text files (RTF or DOC) of the revised manuscript and tables can be accepted for use in the production process.
Math Equations and DOCX
If your manuscript is or will be in DOCX and contains equations, you must follow the instructions below to make sure that your equations are editable when the file enters production.
If you have not yet composed your article, you can ensure that the equations in your DOCX file remain editable in DOC by enabling “Compatibility Mode” before you begin. To do this, open a new document and save as Word 97-2003 (*.doc). Several features of Word 2007/10 will now be inactive, including the built-in equation editing tool. You can insert equations in one of the two ways listed below.
If you have already composed your article as DOCX and used its built-in equation editing tool, your equations will become images when the file is saved down to DOC. To resolve this problem, re-key your equations in one of the two following ways.
- Use MathType to create the equation. MathType is the recommended method for creating equations.
- Go to Insert > Object > Microsoft Equation 3.0 and create the equation.
If, when saving your final document, you see a message saying “Equations will be converted to images,” your equations are no longer editable and PLOS will not be able to accept your file.
LaTeX
Articles prepared in LaTeX may be submitted in PDF format for use during the review process. After acceptance, however, .tex files and formatting information will be required as a zipped file. Please consult our LaTeX Guidelines for a list of what will be required.
Tables
Tables must conform to our Guidelines for Figure and Table Preparation and placed at the end of the article DOC or RTF file. Accepted LaTeX submissions only should have table files—which must also conform to these guidelines—uploaded individually into the online submission system.
Figure Files
For the article to be accepted for publication, the author will need to supply high-resolution versions of the figures in TIF or EPS format only. When preparing your figures, please ensure that the files conform to our Guidelines for Figure and Table Preparation. Please do not upload panels for a single figure separately (for example, Figure 1A, Figure 1B-1D, Figure 1E); each figure file should be a single montage of all panels. Queries can be sent to figures [at] plos.org.
If you are uploading your files in EPS format, please use the "create outlines" option under the type menu in Illustrator so that all text and fonts appear as intended in print. If you need additional help with figure preparation, please contact figures [at] plos.org.
PLOS does not accept vector EPS figures generated using LaTeX. We only accept LaTeX generated figures in TIFF format. Export your LaTeX files as PDFs, and then open them in GIMP or Photoshop and save as TIFF. In general, Figures must be generated in a standalone graphics application such as Adobe Illustrator, InkScape, PyMol, MatLab, SAS, etc. Please see our Figure Guidelines for more information.
PLOS applies the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to all figures we publish, which allows them to be freely used, distributed, and built upon as long as proper attribution is given. Please do not submit any figures that have been previously copyrighted unless you have express written permission from the copyright holder to publish under the CC BY license.
Multimedia Files and Supporting Information
We encourage authors to submit essential supporting files and multimedia files along with their manuscripts. All supporting material will be subject to peer review, and should be smaller than 10 MB in size because of the difficulties that some users will experience in loading or downloading files of a greater size.
Supporting files should fall into one of the following categories: Dataset, Figure, Table, Text, Protocol, Audio, or Video. All supporting information should be referred to in the manuscript with a leading capital S (e.g., Figure S4 for the fourth supporting information figure). The numbered title and caption for each supporting information file should be included in the main article file, after the titles and captions for the main figures.
Supporting files will not be included in the typeset PDF, but will be referenced in the text and hosted online.
Supporting files may be submitted in a variety of formats, but should be publication-ready, as these files are not copyedited. Carefully consider whether your supporting information needs to be searchable and/or editable, and choose the most suitable format accordingly. See the Supporting Information Guidelines for more details about our requirements for supporting information and multimedia files.
Striking Images
Authors are encouraged to upload a "striking image" that may be used to represent their paper online in places like the journal homepage or in search results. Striking images should ideally be high resolution, eye-catching, single panel images, and should ideally avoid containing added details such as text, scale bars, and arrows. If no striking image is uploaded, a figure from the paper will be designated as the striking image.
Please keep in mind that PLOS applies the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to striking images. As such, do not submit any figures or photos that have been previously copyrighted unless you have express written permission from the copyright holder to publish under the CC BY license. Note that all published materials in PLOS Computational Biology are freely available online, and any third party is permitted to read, download, copy, distribute, and use these materials in any way, even commercially, with proper attribution.
For license inquiries, e-mail license [at] plos.org.
Ready to Submit Your Manuscript?
We have provided a Submission Checklist to help you prepare your materials for submission and to make the online submission process as straightforward as possible. Please take the time to look through the list before submitting your article.
Please login or register at our online submission system to begin the submission process. Files can be uploaded individually or together in a single ZIP file, and are automatically combined into a single PDF file, which must be approved by the author at the end of the submission process. This merged PDF is for internal and external peer review only. Original source files will be used to prepare accepted articles for publication.
9. Editorials, Interviews, Viewpoints, Perspectives, and Reviews
In addition to weekly Research Articles, PLOS Genetics also provides a forum for the publication of other article types of broad interest to the genetics and genomics community. These articles are by invitation only; however, you can send feedback and ideas to plosgenetics [at] plos.org and we encourage readers to add notes, comments, and ratings to all articles. Publication charges do not apply to the article types outlined in this section.
Editorials
Written by the journal's editors, these occasional pieces can cover announcements, highlights of journal content, position statements, and journal updates.
Interviews
Jane Gitschier brings her unique conversational style to an ongoing Collection of Interviews of interesting people in the world of science and genetics. Past Interviews have included exchanges with such luminaries as Nicholas Wade, Sir John Sulston, David Botstein and Shirley Tilghman.
Viewpoints
These articles serve primarily as a forum for the discussion of controversial, emerging, or topical issues in the field; occasionally, the discussion surrounds a challenge to findings in a published Research Article. In some Viewpoints, an expert will cover all sides of a controversial topic in about 2,500 words, with a concise list of the most relevant references. In others, opinions or statements will be sought from two authors with different points of view – a point–counterpoint format. In the latter case, the usual format is for each author to express his or her opinion within 700 words, with one display item, if available, and a concise list of the most relevant references. Each piece will then be sent to the other participant(s), who may choose to respond briefly (~300 words) to the opposing position. Should the editor recruit a series of points of view (three or more), soliciting counterpoints will be at his or her discretion.
Reviews
These succinct, synthetic, well-focused, and engaging Reviews should appeal to a broad genetics readership. Aim for no more than 3,000 words, two or three display items, and a concise list of the most relevant references. The article should include an overview of the existing literature that places the topic within a broader context, but it should also focus on the future: where is the field going and what exciting developments are expected? It is particularly important to highlight critical new advances, open questions, and standing controversies or paradoxes as these are especially valued by a general readership.
Because these articles are by invitation only, the topic and scope will have been agreed with an editor. It is advisable to forward on a short summary or draft in advance of the full submission. Reviews are externally peer reviewed so decisions on acceptance will be made in light of these comments as well as input from the editors.
Structure the Review as such: Title, Authors, Affiliations, Abstract, Introduction, Main Text (broken into subsections as appropriate), Conclusions, Acknowledgments, References, Figure Legends, and Tables. Please refer to the information elsewhere in the Author Guidelines about the specifics of manuscript, figure, and table preparation. E-mail plosgenetics [at] plos.org if you are in any doubt about how our guidelines for Research Articles differ from those of Reviews. Examples: Genomic Disorders: Molecular Mechanisms for Rearrangements and Conveyed Phenotypes, Genetics of Aging in Caenorhabditis elegans, and Recent Developments in Yeast Aging.
Perspectives
These commentaries, which are by invitation only, frame the content and implications of Research Articles published in the journal. They should be short and engaging; aim for no more than 1,000 words, one display item, and a concise list of the most relevant references. As guidance, you should take our broad readership through the following:
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You are welcome to use subheadings to structure the article as you see fit.
Please refer to the information elsewhere in the Author Guidelines for the specifics of manuscript, figure, and table preparation. E-mail plosgenetics [at] plos.org if you are in any doubt about how our guidelines for Research Articles differ from those of Perspectives. Examples: Rise of the Machines, Chromosome Mechanics and Meiotic Engine Maintenance, and Leaving the Past Behind.
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Editorial Board
Editors-in-Chief
- Gregory S. Barsh
- Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford, USA E-mail: gbarsh [at] plos.org
- Gregory P. Copenhaver
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, USA E-mail: gcopenhaver [at] plos.org
Section Editors
- Wendy A. Bickmore
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit
Edinburgh, UK Epigenetics
- William F. Burkholder
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology
Singapore, Singapore Prokaryotic Genetics
- Carlos D. Bustamante
- Stanford University
Stanford, USA Evolution
- Josep Casadesús
- Universidad de Sevilla
Sevilla, Spain Prokaryotic Genetics
- Greg Gibson
- Georgia Institute of Technology
Atlanta, USA Gene Expression Profiling Natural Variation
- Hopi E. Hoekstra
- Harvard University
Cambridge, USA Evolution
- Marshall S. Horwitz
- University of Washington
Seattle, USA Cancer Genetics
- Wolf Reik
- The Babraham Institute
Cambridge, UK Epigenetics
- Scott M. Williams
- Dartmouth College
Hanover, USA Natural Variation
Interviews Editor
- Jane Gitschier
- University of California San Francisco
San Francisco, USA
Reviews Editors
- Elizabeth M. C. Fisher
- University College London
London, UK
- Susan M. Rosenberg
- Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, USA
Associate Editors
- Gonçalo R. Abecasis
- University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, USA human complex disease: genetic mapping, computational and statistical tools
- A. Aziz Aboobaker
- University of Oxford
Oxford, UK regenerative biology, the evolution of development, functional genomics, ageing biology
- Mark Achtman
- University of Warwick
Coventry, UK genetically monomorphic bacterial pathogens, microbial phylogeography, comparisons of microbial genomes
- Julie Ahringer
- University of Cambridge
Cambridge, UK chromatin, epigenetics, transcription, genomics, C. elegans
- Joshua M. Akey
- University of Washington
Seattle, USA population genetics, genome evolution, genomics
- Asifa Akhtar
- Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology
Freiburg, Germany dosage compensation, chromatin and transcription, epigenetics
- David B. Allison
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, USA obesity, quantitative genetics, clinical trials, and statistical and research methodology
- Kaveh Ashrafi
- University of California San Francisco
San Francisco, USA analysis of genetic and neuronal circuits of fat and feeding, C. elegans genetics
- Marisa S. Bartolomei
- University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, USA mouse genetics, genomic imprinting, mammalian epigenetics
- David J. Begun
- University of California Davis
Davis, USA population genetics, evolutionary genetics, evolutionary genomics
- David R. Beier
- Seattle Children's Research Institute
Seattle, USA mouse genetics, positional cloning, development, mutagenesis, kidney disease
- Kirsten Bomblies
- Harvard University
Cambridge, USA genome evolution, evolutionary genetics, plant genetics
- Jürgen Brosius
- University of Münster
Münster, Germany RNomics, phylogenomics, functional genomics
- Geraldine Butler
- University College Dublin
Dublin, Ireland fungal genetics, comparative fungal genomics, molecular evolution
- Giacomo Cavalli
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Montpellier, France polycomb, trithorax, 3D chromosome organization
- Xuemei Chen
- University of California Riverside
Riverside, USA small RNAs, epigenetics, plant development
- Vivian G. Cheung
- University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, USA human genetics, genomics, genetics of gene expression
- Andrew D. Chisholm
- University of California San Diego
La Jolla, USA genetics of neuronal and epidermal morphogenesis, C. elegans genetics
- Bruce E. Clurman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Seattle, USA cancer biology, cell cycle control, proteolysis
- Graham Coop
- University of California Davis
Davis, USA population genetics, evolutionary genetics, human genetics
- Chris Cotsapas
- Yale School of Medicine
New Haven, USA complex trait genetics, immune-mediated diseases, genomics
- Gregory A. Cox
- The Jackson Laboratory
Bar Harbor, USA neuromuscular disease, mouse genetics, positional cloning
- Claude Desplan
- New York University
New York, USA pattern formation in insect development
- Anna Di Rienzo
- University of Chicago
Chicago, USA population genetics, genetics of gene expression, pharmacogenetics
- Susan K. Dutcher
- Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, USA Chlamydomonas genetics, ciliary and basal body biology, cytoskeleton, positional cloning, chloroplast genetics
- Justin C. Fay
- Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, USA yeast genetics, genome evolution, population genetics
- Cédric Feschotte
- University of Utah School of Medicine
Salt Lake City, USA mobile genetic elements, evolutionary genomics, genetic novelty, non-coding RNA and DNA
- Jonathan Flint
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford
Oxford, UK complex trait genetics (mouse and human), QTL analysis, behavioral genetics, psychiatric genetics
- Wayne N. Frankel, Founding Editor
- The Jackson Laboratory
Bar Harbor, USA genetics of epilepsy, neurogenetics, complex traits
- Danielle A. Garsin
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Houston, USA prokaryotic genetics and gene regulation, C. elegans stress and pathogen responses, model systems of infection
- Takashi Gojobori
- National Institute of Genetics
Mishima, Japan evolutionary genetics, population genetics, bioinformatics, genomics-oriented human genetics
- John M. Greally
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine
New York, USA epigenomics, cancer, type II diabetes mellitus, ageing and environmental influences on the epigenome
- Henry T. Greely
- Stanford Law School
Stanford, USA legal, ethical, and social issues surrounding health law and the biosciences
- Mathilde Grelon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA de Versailles
Versailles, France meiosis, recombination, plant biology
- H. Leighton Grimes
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Cincinnati, USA hematologic malignancies, microRNA, transcription factors
- Bruce A. Hamilton
- University of California San Diego
La Jolla, USA neurogenetics, mouse models, modifier genes
- R. Scott Hawley
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research
Kansas City, USA meiosis, chromosome pairing, chromosome segregation, mutant screens and mutational analysis in Drosophila, mitosis, chromosome structure
- Joseph Heitman
- Duke University Medical Center
Durham, USA fungal genetics, microbial pathogenesis, sexual reproduction and sex determination
- Diarmaid Hughes
- Uppsala University
Uppsala, Sweden prokaryotic genetics, infectious disease, antibiotic resistance, evolution
- Kent W. Hunter
- National Cancer Institute
Bethesda, USA mouse quantitative genetics, cancer genetics, breast cancer, metastasis susceptibility
- Sue Jinks-Robertson
- Duke University
Durham, USA homologous recombination, mutagenesis, yeast genetics
- Tetsuji Kakutani
- National Institute of Genetics
Mishima, Japan plant epigenetics, DNA methylation, heterochromatin
- Daniel B. Kearns
- Indiana University
Bloomington, USA prokaryotic genetics, motility and multicellular behavior, cell biology, epigenetics and heterogeneous gene expression
- Stuart K. Kim
- Stanford University
Stanford, USA genomics, systems biology, C. elegans genetics, aging
- Artyom Kopp
- University of California Davis
Davis, California evolution of development, evolutionary genetics, developmental genetics
- Achim Kramer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Berlin, Germany circadian biology, transcriptional regulation, posttranslational mechanisms
- Leonid Kruglyak
- University of California Los Angeles
Los Angeles, USA genetic variation and disease, genomics, gene expression (human, dogs, yeast)
- Nils-Göran Larsson
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing
Cologne, Germany mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA/mtDNA, aging
- Suzanne M. Leal
- Baylor College of Medicine
Boston, USA methods in statistical genetics and genetic epidemiology, population and family-based association studies, linkage analysis
- Jeannie T. Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Boston, USA noncoding RNA, gene silencing, heterochromatin, sex chromosome biology, imprinting, transgenerational inheritance
- Tosso Leeb
- University of Bern
Bern, Switzerland domestic animals, monogenic traits, coat color
- Michael Lichten
- National Cancer Institute
Bethesda, USA meiosis, recombination, chromosome structure/function
- Jason D. Lieb
- Princeton University
Princeton, USA genomics, chromatin, transcription
- Bingwei Lu
- Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford, USA neurodegenerative disease modeling in Drosophila, developmental neurobiology, neural stem cells
- Hiten D. Madhani
- University of California San Francisco
San Francisco, USA control of gene expression, signaling, yeast
- Nancy Maizels
- University of Washington
Seattle, USA immunoglobulin genes, genomic instability, repair and mutagenesis mechanisms
- Harmit S. Malik
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Seattle, USA eukaryotic mobile elements and host defenses, heterochromatin, molecular evolution, multigene families
- Susan E. Mango
- Harvard University
Cambridge, USA C. elegans genetics, promoter analysis, genomics, organogenesis and development, epithelium formation
- Jonathan Marchini
- University of Oxford
Oxford, UK association mapping, statistical methods, human complex disease, population structure
- Ivan Matic
- Université Paris Descartes, INSERM U1001
Paris, France prokaryotic genetics, recombination, DNA repair, mutagenesis, evolution, infectious diseases
- Rodney Mauricio
- University of Georgia
Athens, USA plant population genetics, plant ecological genetics, genetic basis of complex traits
- Mark I. McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism
and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK diabetes, obesity, and metabolic disease, genetic mapping, genetics of complex diseases
- John M. McDowell
- Virginia Tech
Blacksburg, USA plant-pathogen interactions, plant genetics, functional genomics
- Michael T. McManus
- University of California San Francisco
San Francisco, USA RNA expression arrays, mouse transgenics, mechanisms of small RNA biology
- Gil McVean
- University of Oxford
Oxford, UK evolutionary biology, population genetics
- Mary C. Mullins
- University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, USA zebrafish genetics, positional cloning, developmental genetics
- Stefan Mundlos
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics
Berlin, Germany human genetics of developmental disorders, gene regulation, disease mechanisms
- Amanda J. Myers
- University of Miami
Miami, USA human complex disease, gene mapping, genomics, expression analysis, proteomics
- Michael W. Nachman
- University of Arizona
Tucson, USA population genetics, evolutionary genetics, speciation, adaptation
- Harry T. Orr
- University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, USA mammalian genetics, neurodegeneration, triplet repeat diseases
- Bret A. Payseur
- University of Wisconsin
Madison, USA complex trait genetics, evolutionary genetics, evolutionary genomics, population genetics
- Christopher E. Pearson
- The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto
Toronto, Canada disease-associated repeat instability, DNA replication, repair, recombination, mutagenesis, epigenetics
- Norbert Perrimon
- Harvard Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Boston, USA Drosophila developmental genetics, signal transduction
- Dmitri A. Petrov
- Stanford University
Stanford, USA inference of evolutionary patterns from molecular data, genome evolution, molecular population genetics, eukaryotic transposable elements
- Craig S. Pikaard
- Indiana University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Bloomington, USA RNA-mediated gene silencing, epigenetics, RNA polymerases, transcription
- Sharon E. Plon
- Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, USA genetic susceptibility to cancer, genomic instability, medical genetics, neurocutaneous disorders
- Jonathan K. Pritchard
- Stanford University
Stanford, USA population genetics, human population structure, association mapping
- Li-Jia Qu
- Peking University
Beijing, China plant gametogenesis, leaf development, transcription factors
- Bing Ren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego
La Jolla, USA epigenomics, eukaryotic transcription, embryonic stem cells
- Paul M. Richardson
- Progentech
Emeryville, USA microbial genomics, sequencing technology
- Derry C. Roopenian
- The Jackson Laboratory
Bar Harbor, USA immunogenetics, mouse genetics
- Susan M. Rosenberg
- Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, USA prokaryotic genetics, genome instability, mutagenesis, DNA repair, recombination, evolution
- Eric Rulifson
- University of California San Francisco
San Francisco, USA Drosophila developmental genetics, endocrine system organogenesis and biology
- Mikkel H. Schierup
- University of Aarhus
Aarhus, Denmark molecular evolution, comparative genomics, population genetics
- Patrick S. Schnable
- Iowa State University
Ames, USA plant/crop genetics and genomics, cytoplasmic male sterility, meiotic recombination, heterosis
- Robert Schneider
- IGBMC
Strasbourg, France chromatin biochemistry, histone modifications, epigenetics
- Liliane Schoofs
- KU Leuven
Leuven, Belgium neuropeptides, G protein-coupled receptors, learning and memory, reproduction
- Nicholas J. Schork
- University of California, San Diego and The Scripps Research Institute
La Jolla, USA the genetic basis of complex traits and diseases, computational and statistical tools
- Dirk Schübeler
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research
Basel, Switzerland DNA methylation, chromatin structure, genomics approaches to studying transcriptional regulation
- Hamish S. Scott
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology
Adelaide, Australia genomics, cancer genetics, epigenetics
- Jeff Sekelsky
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, USA meiosis, recombination, DNA repair
- Tricia R. Serio
- Brown University
Providence, USA prions, protein misfolding, chaperones
- Michael Snyder
- Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford, USA yeast and human genomics and proteomics, chromosome segregation, morphogenesis, cell cycle
- Lotte Søgaard-Andersen
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology
Marburg, Germany prokaryotic genetics, polarity, cell cycle regulation, motility, development
- Nancy B. Spinner
- University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, USA medical genetics, copy number variation, notch signaling in disease
- Nathan M. Springer
- University of Minnesota
St. Paul, USA plant genetics, epigenetics, imprinting, structural genomic variation
- John D. Storey
- Princeton University
Princeton, USA gene expression, computational and statistical tools, integrative genomics
- Lisa Stubbs
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Urbana, USA mammalian genetics, comparative genomics, genome evolution, gene regulation
- Beth A. Sullivan
- Duke University
Durham, USA chromosome biology, mitosis, chromatin organization, epigenetics
- Paul H. Taghert
- Washington University Medical School
St. Louis, USA circadian biology, G protein-coupled receptor signaling, neuroendocrine cell biology
- Man-Wah Tan
- Genentech
South San Francisco, USA host-pathogen interactions, bacterial genetics, innate immunity
- David P. Toczyski
- University of California San Francisco
San Francisco, USA yeast, the DNA damage checkpoint, cell cycle regulation
- Bas van Steensel
- Netherlands Cancer Institute
Amsterdam, The Netherlands chromosome biology, chromatin genomics, nuclear lamina, bioinformatics
- Patrick H. Viollier
- University of Geneva Medical School
Geneva, Switzerland prokaryotic genetics, cell division, polarity, motility, developmental transcription
- Peter M. Visscher
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research
Brisbane, Australia quantitative genetics, methods in statistical genetics and genetic epidemiology, complex disease genetics
- Bruce Walsh
- University of Arizona
Tucson, USA quantitative genetics, complex traits, evolution
- Christine A. Wells
- The University of Queensland
Brisbane, Australia natural variation, genomics and transcriptomics, innate immunity
- Emma Whitelaw
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research
Brisbane, Australia epigenetics, mouse genetics, transcription
- Andrew O. M. Wilkie
- University of Oxford
Oxford, United Kingdom genetics of craniofacial and limb development, mechanisms of mutation, molecular pathophysiology
- Michael Worobey
- University of Arizona
Tucson, USA virus, phylogenetics, molecular evolution
- Hao Yu
- National University of Singapore and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory
Singapore, Singapore plant functional genomics, plant reproductive development, phytohormone signaling
- Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
Hinxton, United Kingdom complex disease, statistical genetics, association studies
- Jianzhi Zhang
- University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, USA molecular evolution, genome evolution, evolutionary systems biology
- Jin-Qiu Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
Shanghai, China telomeres/telomerase, cellular ageing, yeast epigenetics
Consulting Editors
- Andrew G. Clark
- Cornell University
Ithaca, USA adaptive variation in natural populations, population genetics, evolution, genetic basis of complex disease
- Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis
- University of Geneva Medical School
Geneva, Switzerland population genomics, functional variation, gene expression
- Anne C. Ferguson-Smith
- University of Cambridge
Cambridge, UK mammalian developmental genetics and epigenetics, comparative genomics, gene regulation
- James M. Ford
- Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford, USA cancer genetics, mammalian DNA repair, tumor suppressor genes
- Michel Georges
- University of Liège
Liège, Belgium complex traits, QTL mapping, epigenetics
- David S. Guttman
- University of Toronto
Toronto, Canada bacterial evolutionary genetics, evolution of virulence and host specificity, comparative genomics
- James E. Haber
- Brandeis University
Waltham, USA yeast genetics, recombination, DNA repair, replication
- Nicholas Katsanis
- Duke University
Durham, USA ciliary structure and function, oligogenic inheritance, morphogenetic signaling
- Trudy F. C. Mackay
- North Carolina State University
Raleigh, USA complex trait genetics, QTL mapping, LD mapping, evolutionary genetics
- Veronica van Heyningen
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit
Edinburgh, UK developmental genetics, human disease and mutational mechanisms, regulation of gene expression, genomic organisation, model organisms, gene-environment interactions
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