期刊名称：BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION
 期刊简介(About the journal)
投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)
编辑部信息(Editorial Board)
About the journal
BMC Medical Education is an Open Access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on relation to the training of healthcare professionals, including undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing education. The journal has a special focus on curriculum development, evaluations of performance, assessment of training needs and evidence-based medicine.
Indexing and archiving
Following publication in BMC Medical Education, the full text of each article is immediately and permanently archived in PubMed Central, the US National Library of Medicine's full-text repository of life science literature, and also in repositories at the University of Potsdam in Germany, at INIST in France and in e-Depot, the National Library of the Netherlands' digital archive of all electronic publications. BMC Medical Education is indexed/tracked/covered by PubMed, MEDLINE, CAS, EMBASE, Scopus, Cinahl, CABI and Google Scholar.
BMC Medical Education is included in Thomson Reuters Web of Science and other products. It has an Impact Factor of 1.20.
Instructions to Authors
Manuscripts must be submitted by one of the authors of the manuscript, and should not be submitted by anyone on their behalf. The submitting author takes responsibility for the article during submission and peer review.
To facilitate rapid publication and to minimize administrative costs, BMC Medical Education accepts only online submission.
Files can be submitted as a batch, or one by one. The submission process can be interrupted at any time - when users return to the site, they can carry on where they left off.
See below for examples of acceptable word processor and graphics file formats. Additional files of any type, such as movies, animations, or original data files, can also be submitted as part of the publication.
During submission you will be asked to provide a cover letter. Please use this to explain why your manuscript should be published in the journal and to elaborate on any issues relating to our editorial policies detailed in the instructions for authors.
Assistance with the process of manuscript preparation and submission is available from the customer support team (info@biomedcentral.com).
We also provide a collection of links to useful tools and resources for scientific authors, on our Tools for Authors page.
Publication and peer review processes
Submitted manuscripts will be sent to peer reviewers, unless they are either out of scope or below threshold for the journal, or the presentation or written English is of an unacceptably low standard. They will generally be reviewed by two experts with the aim of reaching a first decision as soon as possible. Statistical reviewers are also used where required (for a full list of our statistical advisers, please click here). Reviewers are asked to declare any competing interests and have to agree to open peer review, which works on two levels: the authors receive the signed report and, if the manuscript is published, the same report is available to the readers. The pre-publication history (initial submission, reviews and revisions - see, for example, pre-publication history) is posted on the web with the published article.
It is journal policy to publish work deemed by peer reviewers to be a coherent and sound addition to scientific knowledge and to put less emphasis on interest levels, provided that the research constitutes a useful contribution to the field. In addition to their comments for the authors, reviewers are asked whether the writing is of acceptable quality. Where possible, the final decision is made on the basis that the peer reviewers are in accordance with one another, or that at least there is no strong dissenting view. In cases where there is strong disagreement either among peer reviewers or between the authors and peer reviewers, advice is sought from a member of the journal's Editorial Board. The journal allows a maximum of two revisions of any manuscript. All appeals should be directed to the Series Editor, Medicine who holds ultimate responsibility for editorial decisions
Reviewers are also asked to indicate which articles they consider to be especially interesting or significant. These articles may be given greater prominence and greater external publicity, and the authors may be asked if they would prefer to have the manuscript published in BMC Medicine
Once an article is accepted, it is published in BMC Medical Education immediately as a provisional PDF file. The paper will subsequently be published in both fully browseable web form, and as a formatted PDF. The article will then be available through BMC Medical Education, BioMed Central and PubMed Central, and will also be included in PubMed.
Authors will be able to check the progress of their paper through the submission system at any time by logging into My BioMed Central, their personalized section of the site.
Article-processing charges
BMC Medical Education levies an article-processing charge for every accepted article, to cover the costs incurred by open access publication. In 2011 the article-processing charge is £1175/US$1810/€1345. Generally, if the submitting author's institution is a BioMed Central member the cost of the article processing charge is covered by the membership, and no further charge is payable. In the case of authors whose institutions are supporter members of BioMed Central, however, a discounted article processing charge is payable by the author. Please click here to check if your institution is a BioMed Central member. We routinely waive charges for authors from low-income countries. For further details, see more information about article-processing charges.
Editorial policies
Any manuscripts, or substantial parts of it, submitted to the journal must not be under consideration by any other journal. In general, the manuscript should not have already been published in any journal or other citable form, although it may have been deposited on a preprint server. Information on duplicate/overlapping publications can be found here. Authors are required to ensure that no material submitted as part of a manuscript infringes existing copyrights, or the rights of a third party. Authors who publish in BMC Medical Education retain copyright to their work (more information). Correspondence concerning articles published in BMC Medical Education is encouraged through the online comment system.
Submission of a manuscript to BMC Medical Education implies that all authors have read and agreed to its content, and that any experimental research that is reported in the manuscript has been performed with the approval of an appropriate ethics committee. Research carried out on humans must be in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration, and any experimental research on animals must follow internationally recognized guidelines. A statement to this effect must appear in the Methods section of the manuscript, including the name of the body which gave approval, with a reference number where appropriate. Informed consent must also be documented. Manuscripts may be rejected if the editorial office considers that the research has not been carried out within an ethical framework, e.g. if the severity of the experimental procedure is not justified by the value of the knowledge gained.
BMC Medical Education's publisher, BioMed Central, has a legal responsibility to ensure that its journals do not publish material that infringes copyright, or that includes libellous or defamatory content. If, on review, your manuscript is perceived to contain potentially libellous content the journal Editors, with assistance from the publisher if required, will work with authors to ensure an appropriate outcome is reached.
Generic drug names should generally be used. When proprietary brands are used in research, include the brand names in parentheses in the Methods section.
We ask authors of BMC Medical Education papers to complete a declaration of competing interests, which should be provided as a separate section of the manuscript, to follow the Acknowledgements. Where an author gives no competing interests, the listing will read 'The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests'. Much has been written about competing interests (or conflict of interest, as other journals call it) within scientific research, but the following articles provide some background:
R Smith: Beyond conflict of interest. BMJ 1998, 317 :291-292
R Smith: Making progress with competing interests. BMJ 2002, 325 :1375-1376
CD DeAngelis, PB Fontanarosa, A Flanagin: Reporting financial conflicts of interest and relationships between investigators and research sponsors. JAMA 2001, 286 :89-9
K Morin, H Rakatansky, FA Riddick Jr, LJ Morse, JM O'Bannon 3rd, MS Goldrich, P Ray, M Weiss, RM Sade, MA Spillman: Managing conflicts of interest in the conduct of clinical trials. JAMA 2002, 287 :78-84
For all articles that include information or clinical photographs relating to individual patients, written and signed consent from each patient to publish must also be mailed or faxed to the editorial staff. The manuscript should also include a statement to this effect in the Acknowledgements section, as follows: "Written consent for publication was obtained from the patient or their relative."
BMC Medical Education supports initiatives to improve the performance and reporting of clinical trials, part of which includes prospective registering and numbering of trials. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) defines a clinical trial as any research study that prospectively assigns human subjects to one or more health related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes. Authors of protocols or reports of such clinical trials, where the primary purpose of the research is to understand the causes, development and effects of disease, or to improve preventative, diagnostic or therapeutic interventions, must register their trial prior to submission in a suitable publicly accessible registry. Registries which meet the requirements of the ICMJE include WHO Primary Registries. The trial registration number should be included as the last line of the abstract of the manuscript.
BMC Medical Education also supports initiatives aimed at improving the reporting of biomedical research. We recommend authors refer to the EQUATOR network website for further information on the available reporting guidelines for health research, and the MIBBI Portal for prescriptive checklists for reporting biological and biomedical research where applicable. Authors are requested to make use of these when drafting their manuscript and peer reviewers will also be asked to refer to these checklists when evaluating these studies. Checklists are available for a number of study designs, including randomized controlled trials (CONSORT), systematic reviews (PRISMA), observational studies (STROBE), meta-analyses of observational studies (MOOSE), diagnostic accuracy studies (STARD) and qualitative studies (RATS). For authors of systematic reviews, an additional file, linked from the Methods section, should reproduce all details concerning the search strategy. For an example of how a search strategy should be presented, see the Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook.
For mutation nomenclature please use the guidelines suggested by the Human Genome Variation Society, and the recommended gene name by consulting the appropriate genetic nomenclature database, e.g., HUGO for human genes, and the International Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice. We encourage the use of standardized terms for human phenotypes, such as those proposed by the Elements of Morphology working group (see: http://research.nhgri.nih.gov/morphology/index.cgi).
Authors from pharmaceutical companies, or other commercial organizations that sponsor clinical trials, should adhere to the Good Publication Practice guidelines for pharmaceutical companies, which are designed to ensure that publications are produced in a responsible and ethical manner. The guidelines also apply to any companies or individuals that work on industry-sponsored publications, such as freelance writers, contract research organizations and communications companies.
The involvement of medical writers or anyone else who assisted with the preparation of the manuscript content should be acknowledged, along with their source of funding, as described in the European Medical Writers Association (EMWA) guidelines on the role of medical writers in developing peer-reviewed publications. If medical writers are not listed among the authors, it is important that their role be acknowledged explicitly. We suggest wording such as 'We thank Jane Doe who provided medical writing services on behalf of XYZ Pharmaceuticals Ltd.'.
Any 'in press' articles cited within the references and necessary for the reviewers' assessment of the manuscript should be made available if requested by the editorial office.
Submission of a manuscript to BMC Medical Education implies that readily reproducible materials described in the manuscript, including all relevant raw data, will be freely available to any scientist wishing to use them for non-commercial purposes. Nucleic acid sequences, protein sequences, and atomic coordinates should be deposited in an appropriate database in time for the accession number to be included in the published article. In computational studies where the sequence information is unacceptable for inclusion in databases because of lack of experimental validation, the sequences must be published as an additional file with the article.
Nucleotide sequences
Nucleotide sequences can be deposited with the DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL/EBI) Nucleotide Sequence Database, or GenBank (National Center for Biotechnology Information).
Protein sequences
Protein sequences can be deposited with SwissProt or the Protein Information Resource (PIR).
Structures
Protein structures can be deposited with one of the members of the Worldwide Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids structures can be deposited with the Nucleic Acid Database at Rutgers. Crystal structures of organic compounds can be deposited with the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre.
Chemical structures and assays
Structures of chemical substances can be deposited with PubChem Substance. Bioactivity screens of chemical substances can be deposited with PubChem BioAssay.
Microarray data
Where appropriate, authors should adhere to the standards proposed by the Microarray Gene Expression Data Society and must deposit microarray data in one of the public repositories, such as ArrayExpress, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) or the Center for Information Biology Gene Expression Database (CIBEX).
Computational modeling
We encourage authors to prepare models of biochemical reaction networks using the Systems Biology Markup Language and to deposit the model with the BioModels database, as well as submitting it as an additional file with the manuscript.
Plasmids
We encourage authors to deposit copies of their plasmids as DNA or bacterial stocks with Addgene, a non-profit repository, or PlasmID, the Plasmid Information Database at Harvard.
BioMed Central is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Authors who have appealed against a rejection but remain concerned about the editorial process can refer their case to COPE. For more information, visit www.publicationethics.org.
BioMed Central endorses the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) Policy Statement on Geopolitical Intrusion on Editorial Decisions.
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Preparing main manuscript text
File formats
The following word processor file formats are acceptable for the main manuscript document:
Microsoft Word (.doc)
Rich text format (RTF)
Portable document format (PDF)
TeX/LaTeX (use BioMed Central's TeX template)
DeVice Independent format (DVI)
Publicon Document (NB)
Users of other word processing packages should save or convert their files to RTF before uploading. Many free tools are available which ease this process.
TeX/LaTeX users: We recommend using BioMed Central's TeX template and BibTeX stylefile. If you use this standard format, you can submit your manuscript in TeX format (after you submit your TEX file, you will be prompted to submit your BBL file). If you have used another template for your manuscript, or if you do not wish to use BibTeX, then please submit your manuscript as a DVI file. We do not recommend converting to RTF.
Note that figures must be submitted as separate image files, not as part of the submitted DOC/ PDF/TEX/DVI file.
Article types
When submitting your manuscript, you will be asked to assign one of the following types to your article:
Research article
Case report
Database
Debate
Software
Study protocol
Technical advance
Please read the descriptions of each of the article types, choose which is appropriate for your article and structure it accordingly. If in doubt, your manuscript should be classified as a Research article, the structure for which is described below.
Manuscript sections for Research articles
Manuscripts for Research articles submitted to BMC Medical Education should be divided into the following sections:
Title page
Abstract
Background
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
List of abbreviations used (if any)
Competing interests
Authors' contributions
Authors' information (if any)
Acknowledgements and Funding
References
Figure legends (if any)
Tables and captions (if any)
Description of additional data files (if any)
You can download a template (compatible with Mac and Windows Word 97/98/2000/2003/2007) for your article. For instructions on use, see below.
The Accession Numbers of any nucleic acid sequences, protein sequences or atomic coordinates cited in the manuscript should be provided, in square brackets and include the corresponding database name; for example, [EMBL:AB026295, EMBL:AC137000, DDBJ:AE000812, GenBank:U49845, PDB:1BFM, Swiss-Prot:Q96KQ7, PIR:S66116].
The databases for which we can provide direct links are: EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database (EMBL), DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ ), GenBank at the NCBI (GenBank), Protein Data Bank (PDB), Protein Information Resource (PIR) and the Swiss-Prot Protein Database (Swiss-Prot).
Title page
This should list the title of the article. The title should include the study design, for example:
A versus B in the treatment of C: a randomized controlled trial
X is a risk factor for Y: a case control study
The full names, institutional addresses, and e-mail addresses for all authors must be included on the title page. The corresponding author should also be indicated.
Abstract
The abstract of the manuscript should not exceed 350 words and must be structured into separate sections: Background, the context and purpose of the study; Methods, how the study was performed and statistical tests used; Results, the main findings; Conclusions, brief summary and potential implications. Please minimize the use of abbreviations and do not cite references in the abstract; Trial registration, if your research article reports the results of a controlled health care intervention, please list your trial registry, along with the unique identifying number, e.g. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN73824458. Please note that there should be no space between the letters and numbers of your trial registration number. We recommend manuscripts that report randomized controlled trials follow the CONSORT extension for abstracts.
Background
The background section should be written from the standpoint of researchers without specialist knowledge in that area and must clearly state - and, if helpful, illustrate - the background to the research and its aims. Reports of clinical research should, where appropriate, include a summary of a search of the literature to indicate why this study was necessary and what it aimed to contribute to the field. The section should end with a very brief statement of what is being reported in the article.
Methods
This should include the design of the study, the setting, the type of participants or materials involved, a clear description of all interventions and comparisons, and the type of analysis used, including a power calculation if appropriate.
Results and Discussion
The Results and Discussion may be combined into a single section or presented separately. Results of statistical analysis should include, where appropriate, relative and absolute risks or risk reductions, and confidence intervals. The results and discussion sections may also be broken into subsections with short, informative headings.
Conclusions
This should state clearly the main conclusions of the research and give a clear explanation of their importance and relevance. Summary illustrations may be included.
List of abbreviations
If abbreviations are used in the text, either they should be defined in the text where first used, or a list of abbreviations can be provided, which should precede the competing interests and authors' contributions.
Competing interests
A competing interest exists when your interpretation of data or presentation of information may be influenced by your personal or financial relationship with other people or organizations. Authors should disclose any financial competing interests but also any non-financial competing interests that may cause them embarrassment were they to become public after the publication of the manuscript.
Authors are required to complete a declaration of competing interests. All competing interests that are declared will be listed at the end of published articles. Where an author gives no competing interests, the listing will read 'The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests'.
When completing your declaration, please consider the following questions:
Financial competing interests
In the past five years have you received reimbursements, fees, funding, or salary from an organization that may in any way gain or lose financially from the publication of this manuscript, either now or in the future? Is such an organization financing this manuscript (including the article-processing charge)? If so, please specify.
Do you hold any stocks or shares in an organization that may in any way gain or lose financially from the publication of this manuscript, either now or in the future? If so, please specify.
Do you hold or are you currently applying for any patents relating to the content of the manuscript? Have you received reimbursements, fees, funding, or salary from an organization that holds or has applied for patents relating to the content of the manuscript? If so, please specify.
Do you have any other financial competing interests? If so, please specify.
Non-financial competing interests
Are there any non-financial competing interests (political, personal, religious, ideological, academic, intellectual, commercial or any other) to declare in relation to this manuscript? If so, please specify.
If you are unsure as to whether you or one of your co-authors has a competing interest, please discuss it with the editorial office.
Authors' contributions
In order to give appropriate credit to each author of a paper, the individual contributions of authors to the manuscript should be specified in this section.
An "author" is generally considered to be someone who has made substantive intellectual contributions to a published study. To qualify as an author one should 1) have made substantial contributions to conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; 2) have been involved in drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and 3) have given final approval of the version to be published. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content. Acquisition of funding, collection of data, or general supervision of the research group, alone, does not justify authorship.
We suggest the following kind of format (please use initials to refer to each author's contribution): AB carried out the molecular genetic studies, participated in the sequence alignment and drafted the manuscript. JY carried out the immunoassays. MT participated in the sequence alignment. ES participated in the design of the study and performed the statistical analysis. FG conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
All contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be listed in an acknowledgements section. Examples of those who might be acknowledged include a person who provided purely technical help, writing assistance, or a department chair who provided only general support.
Authors' information
You may choose to use this section to include any relevant information about the author(s) that may aid the reader’s interpretation of the article, and understand the standpoint of the author(s). This may include details about the authors' qualifications, current positions they hold at institutions or societies, or any other relevant background information. Please refer to authors using their initials. Note this section should not be used to describe any competing interests.
Acknowledgements and Funding
Please acknowledge anyone who contributed towards the study by making substantial contributions to conception, design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data, or who was involved in drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content, but who does not meet the criteria for authorship. Please also include their source(s) of funding. Please also acknowledge anyone who contributed materials essential for the study.
The role of a medical writer must be included in the acknowledgements section, including their source(s) of funding.
Authors should obtain permission to acknowledge from all those mentioned in the Acknowledgements.
Please list the source(s) of funding for the study, for each author, and for the manuscript preparation in the acknowledgements section. Authors must describe the role of the funding body, if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
References
All references must be numbered consecutively, in square brackets, in the order in which they are cited in the text, followed by any in tables or legends. Reference citations should not appear in titles or headings. Each reference must have an individual reference number. Please avoid excessive referencing. If automatic numbering systems are used, the reference numbers must be finalized and the bibliography must be fully formatted before submission.
Only articles and abstracts that have been published or are in press, or are available through public e-print/preprint servers, may be cited; unpublished abstracts, unpublished data and personal communications should not be included in the reference list, but may be included in the text and referred to as "unpublished data", "unpublished observations", or "personal communications" giving the names of the involved researchers. Notes/footnotes are not allowed. Obtaining permission to quote personal communications and unpublished data from the cited author(s) is the responsibility of the author. Journal abbreviations follow Index Medicus/MEDLINE. Citations in the reference list should contain all named authors, regardless of how many there are.
Examples of the BMC Medical Education reference style are shown below. Please take care to follow the reference style precisely; references not in the correct style may be retyped, necessitating tedious proofreading.
Links
Web links and URLs should be included in the reference list. They should be provided in full, including both the title of the site and the URL, in the following format: The Mouse Tumor Biology Database [http://tumor.informatics.jax.org/mtbwi/index.do]. If an author or group of authors can clearly be associated with a web link, such as for weblogs, then they should be included in the reference.
BMC Medical Education reference style
Style files are available for use with popular bibliographic management software:
BibTeX
EndNote style file
Reference Manager
Zotero
Article within a journal
1. Koonin EV, Altschul SF, Bork P: BRCA1 protein products: functional motifs. Nat Genet 1996, 13:266-267.
Article within a journal supplement
2. Orengo CA, Bray JE, Hubbard T, LoConte L, Sillitoe I: Analysis and assessment of ab initio three-dimensional prediction, secondary structure, and contacts prediction. Proteins 1999, 43(Suppl 3):149-170.
In press article
3. Kharitonov SA, Barnes PJ: Clinical aspects of exhaled nitric oxide. Eur Respir J, in press.
Published abstract
4. Zvaifler NJ, Burger JA, Marinova-Mutafchieva L, Taylor P, Maini RN: Mesenchymal cells, stromal derived factor-1 and rheumatoid arthritis [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:s250.
Article within conference proceedings
5. Jones X: Zeolites and synthetic mechanisms. In Proceedings of the First National Conference on Porous Sieves: 27-30 June 1996; Baltimore. Edited by Smith Y. Stoneham: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1996:16-27.
Book chapter, or article within a book
6. Schnepf E: From prey via endosymbiont to plastids: comparative studies in dinoflagellates. In Origins of Plastids. Volume 2. 2nd edition. Edited by Lewin RA. New York: Chapman and Hall; 1993:53-76.
Whole issue of journal
7. Ponder B, Johnston S, Chodosh L (Eds): Innovative oncology. In Breast Cancer Res 1998, 10:1-72.
Whole conference proceedings
8. Smith Y (Ed): Proceedings of the First National Conference on Porous Sieves: 27-30 June 1996; Baltimore. Stoneham: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1996.
Complete book
9. Margulis L: Origin of Eukaryotic Cells. New Haven: Yale University Press; 1970.
Monograph or book in a series
10. Hunninghake GW, Gadek JE: The alveolar macrophage. In Cultured Human Cells and Tissues. Edited by Harris TJR. New York: Academic Press; 1995:54-56. [Stoner G (Series Editor): Methods and Perspectives in Cell Biology, vol 1.]
Book with institutional author
11. Advisory Committee on Genetic Modification: Annual Report. London; 1999.
PhD thesis
12. Kohavi R: Wrappers for performance enhancement and oblivious decision graphs. PhD thesis. Stanford University, Computer Science Department; 1995.
Link / URL
13. The Mouse Tumor Biology Database [http://tumor.informatics.jax.org/mtbwi/index.do]
Link / URL with author(s)
14. Neylon, C: Open Research Computation: an ordinary journal with extraordinary aims. [http://blogs.openaccesscentral.com/blogs/bmcblog/entry/open_research_computation_an_ordinary]
Microsoft Word template
Although we can accept manuscripts prepared as Microsoft Word, RTF or PDF files, we have designed a Microsoft Word template that can be used to generate a standard style and format for your article. It can be used if you have not yet started to write your paper, or if it is already written and needs to be put into BMC Medical Education style.
Download the template (Mac and Windows compatible Word 1998/2000) from our site, and save it to your hard drive. Double click the template to open it.
How to use the BMC Medical Education template
The template consists of a standard set of headings that make up a BMC Medical Education Research article manuscript, along with dummy fragments of body text. Follow these steps to create your manuscript in the standard format:
Replace the dummy text for Title, Author details, Institutional affiliations, and the other sections of the manuscript with your own text (either by entering the text directly or by cutting and pasting from your own manuscript document).
If there are sections which you do not need, delete them (but check the rest of the Instructions for Authors to see which sections are compulsory).
If you need an additional copy of a heading (e.g. for additional figure legends) just copy and paste.
For the references, you may either manually enter the references using the reference style given, or use bibliographic software to insert them automatically. We provide style files for EndNote, Reference Manager and Zotero.
For extra convenience, you can use the template as one of your standard Word templates. To do this, put a copy of the template file in Word's 'Templates' folder, normally C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Templates on a PC. The next time you create a new document in Word using the File menu, the template will appear as one of the available choices for a new document.
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Preparing illustrations and figures
Figures should be provided as separate files. Each figure should comprise only a single file. There is no charge for the use of color.
Please read our figure preparation guidelines for detailed instructions on maximising the quality of your figures,
Formats
The following file formats can be accepted:
EPS (preferred format for diagrams)
PDF (also especially suitable for diagrams)
PNG (preferred format for photos or images)
Microsoft Word (.doc)(figures must be a single page)
PowerPoint (.ppt)(figures must be a single page)
TIFF
JPEG
BMP
CDX (ChemDraw)
TGF (ISIS/Draw)
Figure legends
The legends should be included in the main manuscript text file rather than being a part of the figure file. For each figure, the following information should be provided: Figure number (in sequence, using Arabic numerals - i.e. Figure 1, 2, 3 etc); short title of figure (maximum 15 words); detailed legend, up to 300 words.
Please note that it is the responsibility of the author(s) to obtain permission from the copyright holder to reproduce figures or tables that have previously been published elsewhere.
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Preparing a personal cover page
If you wish to do so, you may submit an image which, in the event of publication, will be used to create a cover page for the PDF version of your article. The cover page will also display the journal logo, article title and citation details. The image may either be a figure from your manuscript or another relevant image. You must have permission from the copyright holder to reproduce the image. Images that do not meet our requirements will not be used.
Images must be 300dpi and 155mm square (1831 x 1831 pixels for a raster image).
Allowable formats - EPS, PDF (for line drawings), PNG, TIFF (for photographs and screen dumps), JPEG, BMP, DOC, PPT, CDX, TGF (ISIS/Draw).
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Preparing tables
Each table should be numbered in sequence using Arabic numerals (i.e. Table 1, 2, 3 etc.). Tables should also have a title that summarizes the whole table, maximum 15 words. Detailed legends may then follow, but should be concise.
Smaller tables considered to be integral to the manuscript can be pasted into the document text file. These will be typeset and displayed in the final published form of the article. Such tables should be formatted using the 'Table object' in a word processing program to ensure that columns of data are kept aligned when the file is sent electronically for review; this will not always be the case if columns are generated by simply using tabs to separate text. Commas should not be used to indicate numerical values. Color and shading should not be used.
Larger datasets can be uploaded separately as additional files. Additional files will not be displayed in the final, published form of the article, but a link will be provided to the files as supplied by the author.
Tabular data provided as additional files can be uploaded as an Excel spreadsheet (.xls) or comma separated values (.csv). As with all files, please use the standard file extensions.
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Preparing additional files
Although BMC Medical Education does not restrict the length and quantity of data in a paper, there may still be occasions where an author wishes to provide data sets, tables, movie files, or other information as additional information. These files can be uploaded using the 'Additional Material files' button in the manuscript submission process.
The maximum file size for additional files is 20 MB each, and files will be virus-scanned on submission.
Any additional files will be linked into the final published article in the form supplied by the author, but will not be displayed within the paper. They will be made available in exactly the same form as originally provided.
If additional material is provided, please list the following information in a separate section of the manuscript text, at the end of the document text file:
File name
File format (including name and a URL of an appropriate viewer if format is unusual)
Title of data
Description of data
Additional datafiles should be referenced explicitly by file name within the body of the article, e.g. 'See additional file 1: Movie1 for the original data used to perform this analysis'.
Formats and uploading
Ideally, file formats for additional files should not be platform-specific, and should be viewable using free or widely available tools. The following are examples of suitable formats.
Additional documentation
PDF (Adobe Acrobat)
Animations
SWF (Shockwave Flash)
Movies
MOV (QuickTime)
MPG (MPEG)
Tabular data
XLS (Excel spreadsheet)
CSV (Comma separated values)
As with figure files, files should be given the standard file extensions. This is especially important for Macintosh users, since the Mac OS does not enforce the use of standard extensions. Please also make sure that each additional file is a single table, figure or movie (please do not upload linked worksheets or PDF files larger than one sheet).
Mini-websites
Small self-contained websites can be submitted as additional files, in such a way that they will be browsable from within the full text HTML version of the article. In order to do this, please follow these instructions:
Create a folder containing a starting file called index.html (or index.htm) in the root
Put all files necessary for viewing the mini-website within the folder, or sub-folders
Ensure that all links are relative (ie "images/picture.jpg" rather than "/images/picture.jpg" or "http://yourdomain.net/images/picture.jpg" or "C:\Documents and Settings\username\My Documents\mini-website\images\picture.jpg") and no link is longer than 255 characters
Access the index.html file and browse around the mini-website, to ensure that the most commonly used browsers (Internet Explorer and Firefox) are able to view all parts of the mini-website without problems, it is ideal to check this on a different machine
Compress the folder into a ZIP, check the file size is under 20 MB, ensure that index.html is in the root of the ZIP, and that the file has .zip extension, then submit as an additional file with your article
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Style and language
General
Currently, BMC Medical Education can only accept manuscripts written in English. Spelling should be US English or British English, but not a mixture.
Gene names should be in italic, but protein products should be in plain type.
There is no explicit limit on the length of articles submitted, but authors are encouraged to be concise. There is no restriction on the number of figures, tables or additional files that can be included with each article online. Figures and tables should be sequentially referenced. Authors should include all relevant supporting data with each article.
BMC Medical Education will not edit submitted manuscripts for style or language; reviewers may advise rejection of a manuscript if it is compromised by grammatical errors. Authors are advised to write clearly and simply, and to have their article checked by colleagues before submission. In-house copyediting will be minimal. Non-native speakers of English may choose to make use of a copyediting service.
Help and advice on scientific writing
The abstract is one of the most important parts of a manuscript. For guidance, please visit our page on "Writing titles and abstracts for scientific articles"
Tim Albert has produced for BioMed Central a list of tips for writing a scientific manuscript. MedBioWorld also provides a list of resources for science writing.
Abbreviations
Abbreviations should be used as sparingly as possible. They can be defined when first used or a list of abbreviations can be provided preceding the acknowledgements and references.
Typography
Please use double line spacing.
Type the text unjustified, without hyphenating words at line breaks.
Use hard returns only to end headings and paragraphs, not to rearrange lines.
Capitalize only the first word, and proper nouns, in the title.
All pages should be numbered.
Use the BMC Medical Education reference format.
Footnotes to text should not be used.
Greek and other special characters may be included. If you are unable to reproduce a particular special character, please type out the name of the symbol in full.
Please ensure that all special characters used are embedded in the text, otherwise they will be lost during conversion to PDF.
Genes, mutations, genotypes, and alleles should be indicated in italics, and authors are required to use approved gene symbols, names, and formatting. Protein products should be in plain type.
Units
SI Units should be used throughout (liter and molar are permitted, however).
Editorial Board
BMC Medical Education Section Editors
Rajesh Aggarwal
Imperial College London, UK
Amy Blue
Medical University of South Carolina, USA
Jennifer Cleland
University of Aberdeen, UK
Peter Devitt
University of Adelaide, Australia
Nisha Dogra
University of Leicester, UK
Alison Jones
South Australian Institute of Medical Education and Training (SA IMET), Australia
Trevor Lambert
Oxford University, UK
Prathibha Varkey
Mayo Clinic, USA
BMC Medical Education Editorial Board Members
Mark Albanese
University of Wisconsin Medical School, USA
Amy Blue
Medical University of South Carolina, USA
Chris Candler
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, College of Medicine, USA, USA
Philip Davies
CMPS (Centre for Management and Policy studies), UK
Kristi J Ferguson
University of Iowa, USA
Richard M Frankel
Regenstrief Institute, USA
Trisha Greenhalgh
University College London Medical School, UK
Margaret Holmes-Rovner
Michigan State University, USA
Cindy L Lam
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Harold P Lehmann
John Hopkins University, USA
Brian Mavis
Michigan State University, USA
Chris McManus
University College London, UK
Ed Peile
Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UK
Charlotte E Rees
University of Dundee, UK
Deborah Simpson
Medical College of Wisconsin, USA
John R Skelton
University of Birmingham, UK
David J Solomon
Michigan State University, USA
Jon Veloski
Jefferson Medical College, USA
Tom Walley
University of Liverpool, UK
James Wofford
WakeForest University School of Medicine, USA
Fredric M Wolf
University of Washington Medical Center, USA
BMC Medical Education Associate Editors
Rajesh Aggarwal
Imperial College London, UK
Peter Anderson
University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA
Samy Azer
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
Amy Blue
Medical University of South Carolina, USA
Katharine Boursicot
St Georges University of London, UK
Linda Casebeer
Outcomes Inc., USA
Jennifer Cleland
University of Aberdeen, UK
Sonia J Crandall
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Vernon Curran
Memorial University, Canada
Eugene Custers
UMC Utrecht
Peter Devitt
University of Adelaide, Australia
Nisha Dogra
University of Leicester, UK
Rachel Ellaway
Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Canada
Andreas Holzinger
Medizinische Universitat Graz, Austria
Alison Jones
South Australian Institute of Medical Education and Training (SA IMET), Australia
Jana Juenger
The University of Heidelberg
Jurgen Kasper
University of Hamburg, Germany
Jean S Ker
Ninewells Hospital, UK
Ijaz Khan
University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
Khalid S Khan
Barts and the London School of Medicine, UK
Omar Khan
University of Vermont, USA
Richard Klaghofer
University Hospital, Switzerland
Enoch Kwizera
University of Transkei, South Africa
Trevor Lambert
Oxford University, UK
Sam Leinster
University of East Anglia, UK
Rachel B Levine
Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, USA
Danette McKinley
Foundation for International Medical Education and Research (FAIMER), USA
Debra Nestel
Monash University, Australia
Christoph Nikendei
University Hospital, University of Heidelberg
Scott Reeves
University of Toronto, Canada
Remy Rikers
Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands
Donald Risucci
New York Medical College, USA
Deborah Saltman
Brighton and Sussex Medical School, UK
Victor Sierpina
The University of Texas Medical Branch
Reidar Tyssen
University of Oslo, Norway
Prathibha Varkey
Mayo Clinic, USA
Claudio Violato
University of Calgary, Canada
Casey White
University of Michigan Medical School, USA
Tim Wilkinson
University of Otago, New Zealand
Ian Wilson
University of Western Sydney, Australia
Paul Worley
Flinders University, Australia
Peter Wyer
Columbia University, USA
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