期刊名称：IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE
 期刊简介(About the journal)
投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)
编辑部信息(Editorial Board)
About the journal
Implementation Science is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal that aims to publish research relevant to the scientific study of methods to promote the uptake of research findings into routine healthcare in both clinical and policy contexts.
Biomedical research constantly produces new findings - but often these are not routinely translated into health care practice. Implementation research is the scientific study of methods to promote the systematic uptake of clinical research findings and other evidence-based practices into routine practice, and hence to improve the quality and effectiveness of health care. It includes the study of influences on healthcare professional and organisational behaviour.
This lack of routine uptake is strategically important for the development of healthcare as it clearly places an invisible ceiling on the potential for biomedical research to enhance health outcomes. Further, it is scientifically important because it identifies the behaviour of healthcare professionals and healthcare organisations as key sources of variance requiring improved empirical and theoretical understanding before effective intervention can be reliably achieved.
Implementation science is an inherently interdisciplinary research area and the journal is not constrained by any particular research method. Implementation Science wishes to publish articles of high scientific rigour using the most appropriate methods to produce generalisable answers to study questions. As well as hosting papers describing the effectiveness of interventions Implementation Science provides a unique home for articles describing intervention development, evaluations of the process by which effects are achieved and the role of theory in the area of implementation research. The journal is also interested in publishing Debate/Discussion articles that present novel methods (particularly those that have a theoretical basis) of addressing current problems.
Content overview
Implementation Science considers the following types of articles:
Research: reports of data from original research.
Debate articles: present an argument that is not essentially based on practical research. Debate articles can report on all aspects of the subject including sociological and ethical aspects.
Meeting report: a short description of a conference that the author has attended. It is usually best for the article to be published as soon after the meeting as possible, and should focus on the key developments presented and discussed at the meeting. These articles are usually commissioned but reports and suggestions may also be submitted for the editors' consideration.
Methodology articles: present a new experimental method, test or procedure. The method described may either be completely new, or may offer a better version of an existing method.
Short reports: brief reports of data from original research.
Study protocols: describe proposed or ongoing research, providing a detailed account of the hypothesis, rationale, and methodology of the study.
Systematic reviews: Title the article in the style "The effectiveness of audit and feedback: a systematic review". State background to the area, what is already known and why a systematic review is needed. Then describe the search strategy, the databases searched, inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data extraction methods and the proposed methods of data aggregation and analysis. Present the results and discuss their interpretation and implications.
Although Implementation Science does not have formal word lengths attached to article types, as a general guide a full article should usually be no longer than 6000 words; under exceptional circumstances we will consider longer articles up to 8000 words. Short Reports and Meeting Reports should usually be no longer than 2500 words.
Instructions to Authors
The Accession Numbers of any nucleic acid sequences, protein sequences or atomic coordinates cited in the manuscript should be provided, in square brackets and include the corresponding database name; for example, [EMBL:AB026295, EMBL:AC137000, DDBJ:AE000812, GenBank:U49845, PDB:1BFM, Swiss-Prot:Q96KQ7, PIR:S66116].
The databases for which we can provide direct links are: EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database (EMBL), DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ ), GenBank at the NCBI (GenBank), Protein Data Bank (PDB), Protein Information Resource (PIR) and the Swiss-Prot Protein Database (Swiss-Prot).
Title page
This should list the title of the article. The title should include the study design, for example:
A versus B in the treatment of C: a randomized controlled trial
X is a risk factor for Y: a case control study
The full names, institutional addresses, and e-mail addresses for all authors must be included on the title page. The corresponding author should also be indicated.
Abstract
The abstract of the manuscript should not exceed 350 words and must be structured into separate sections: Background, the context and purpose of the study; Methods, how the study was performed and statistical tests used; Results, the main findings; Conclusions, brief summary and potential implications. Please minimize the use of abbreviations and do not cite references in the abstract; Trial registration, if your research article reports the results of a controlled health care intervention, please list your trial registry, along with the unique identifying number, e.g. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN73824458. Please note that there should be no space between the letters and numbers of your trial registration number.
Background
The background section should be written from the standpoint of researchers without specialist knowledge in that area and must clearly state - and, if helpful, illustrate - the background to the research and its aims. Reports of clinical research should, where appropriate, include a summary of a search of the literature to indicate why this study was necessary and what it aimed to contribute to the field. The section should end with a very brief statement of what is being reported in the article.
Methods
This should include the design of the study, the setting, the type of participants or materials involved, a clear description of all interventions and comparisons, and the type of analysis used, including a power calculation if appropriate.
Results and Discussion
The Results and Discussion may be combined into a single section or presented separately. Results of statistical analysis should include, where appropriate, relative and absolute risks or risk reductions, and confidence intervals. The results and discussion sections may also be broken into subsections with short, informative headings.
Conclusions
This should state clearly the main conclusions of the research and give a clear explanation of their importance and relevance. Summary illustrations may be included.
List of abbreviations
If abbreviations are used in the text, either they should be defined in the text where first used, or a list of abbreviations can be provided, which should precede the competing interests and authors' contributions.
Competing interests
A competing interest exists when your interpretation of data or presentation of information may be influenced by your personal or financial relationship with other people or organizations. Authors should disclose any financial competing interests but also any non-financial competing interests that may cause them embarrassment were they to become public after the publication of the manuscript.
Authors are required to complete a declaration of competing interests. All competing interests that are declared will be listed at the end of published articles. Where an author gives no competing interests, the listing will read 'The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests'.
When completing your declaration, please consider the following questions:
Financial competing interests
In the past five years have you received reimbursements, fees, funding, or salary from an organization that may in any way gain or lose financially from the publication of this manuscript, either now or in the future? Is such an organization financing this manuscript (including the article-processing charge)? If so, please specify.
Do you hold any stocks or shares in an organization that may in any way gain or lose financially from the publication of this manuscript, either now or in the future? If so, please specify.
Do you hold or are you currently applying for any patents relating to the content of the manuscript? Have you received reimbursements, fees, funding, or salary from an organization that holds or has applied for patents relating to the content of the manuscript? If so, please specify.
Do you have any other financial competing interests? If so, please specify.
Non-financial competing interests
Are there any non-financial competing interests (political, personal, religious, ideological, academic, intellectual, commercial or any other) to declare in relation to this manuscript? If so, please specify.
If you are unsure as to whether you or one of your co-authors has a competing interest, please discuss it with the editorial office.
Authors' contributions
In order to give appropriate credit to each author of a paper, the individual contributions of authors to the manuscript should be specified in this section.
An "author" is generally considered to be someone who has made substantive intellectual contributions to a published study. To qualify as an author one should 1) have made substantial contributions to conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; 2) have been involved in drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and 3) have given final approval of the version to be published. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content. Acquisition of funding, collection of data, or general supervision of the research group, alone, does not justify authorship.
We suggest the following kind of format (please use initials to refer to each author's contribution): AB carried out the molecular genetic studies, participated in the sequence alignment and drafted the manuscript. JY carried out the immunoassays. MT participated in the sequence alignment. ES participated in the design of the study and performed the statistical analysis. FG conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
All contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be listed in an acknowledgements section. Examples of those who might be acknowledged include a person who provided purely technical help, writing assistance, or a department chair who provided only general support.
Authors' information
You may choose to use this section to include any relevant information about the author(s) that may aid the reader’s interpretation of the article, and understand the standpoint of the author(s). This may include details about the authors' qualifications, current positions they hold at institutions or societies, or any other relevant background information. Please refer to authors using their initials. Note this section should not be used to describe any competing interests.
Acknowledgements and Funding
Please acknowledge anyone who contributed towards the study by making substantial contributions to conception, design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data, or who was involved in drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content, but who does not meet the criteria for authorship. Please also include their source(s) of funding. Please also acknowledge anyone who contributed materials essential for the study.
The role of a medical writer must be included in the acknowledgements section, including their source(s) of funding.
Authors should obtain permission to acknowledge from all those mentioned in the Acknowledgements.
Please list the source(s) of funding for the study, for each author, and for the manuscript preparation in the acknowledgements section. Authors must describe the role of the funding body, if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
References
All references must be numbered consecutively, in square brackets, in the order in which they are cited in the text, followed by any in tables or legends. Reference citations should not appear in titles or headings. Each reference must have an individual reference number. Please avoid excessive referencing. If automatic numbering systems are used, the reference numbers must be finalized and the bibliography must be fully formatted before submission.
Only articles and abstracts that have been published or are in press, or are available through public e-print/preprint servers, may be cited; unpublished abstracts, unpublished data and personal communications should not be included in the reference list, but may be included in the text and referred to as "unpublished data", "unpublished observations", or "personal communications" giving the names of the involved researchers. Notes/footnotes are not allowed. Obtaining permission to quote personal communications and unpublished data from the cited author(s) is the responsibility of the author. Journal abbreviations follow Index Medicus/MEDLINE. Citations in the reference list should contain all named authors, regardless of how many there are.
Examples of the Implementation Science reference style are shown below. Please take care to follow the reference style precisely; references not in the correct style may be retyped, necessitating tedious proofreading.
Links
Web links and URLs should be included in the reference list. They should be provided in full, including both the title of the site and the URL, in the following format: The Mouse Tumor Biology Database [http://tumor.informatics.jax.org/mtbwi/index.do]
Implementation Science reference style
Style files are available for use with popular bibliographic management software:
BibTeX
EndNote style file
Reference Manager
Zotero
Article within a journal
1. Koonin EV, Altschul SF, Bork P: BRCA1 protein products: functional motifs. Nat Genet 1996, 13:266-267.
Article within a journal supplement
2. Orengo CA, Bray JE, Hubbard T, LoConte L, Sillitoe I: Analysis and assessment of ab initio three-dimensional prediction, secondary structure, and contacts prediction. Proteins 1999, 43(Suppl 3):149-170.
In press article
3. Kharitonov SA, Barnes PJ: Clinical aspects of exhaled nitric oxide. Eur Respir J, in press.
Published abstract
4. Zvaifler NJ, Burger JA, Marinova-Mutafchieva L, Taylor P, Maini RN: Mesenchymal cells, stromal derived factor-1 and rheumatoid arthritis [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum 1999, 42:s250.
Article within conference proceedings
5. Jones X: Zeolites and synthetic mechanisms. In Proceedings of the First National Conference on Porous Sieves: 27-30 June 1996; Baltimore. Edited by Smith Y. Stoneham: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1996:16-27.
Book chapter, or article within a book
6. Schnepf E: From prey via endosymbiont to plastids: comparative studies in dinoflagellates. In Origins of Plastids. Volume 2. 2nd edition. Edited by Lewin RA. New York: Chapman and Hall; 1993:53-76.
Whole issue of journal
7. Ponder B, Johnston S, Chodosh L (Eds): Innovative oncology. In Breast Cancer Res 1998, 10:1-72.
Whole conference proceedings
8. Smith Y (Ed): Proceedings of the First National Conference on Porous Sieves: 27-30 June 1996; Baltimore. Stoneham: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1996.
Complete book
9. Margulis L: Origin of Eukaryotic Cells. New Haven: Yale University Press; 1970.
Monograph or book in a series
10. Hunninghake GW, Gadek JE: The alveolar macrophage. In Cultured Human Cells and Tissues. Edited by Harris TJR. New York: Academic Press; 1995:54-56. [Stoner G (Series Editor): Methods and Perspectives in Cell Biology, vol 1.]
Book with institutional author
11. Advisory Committee on Genetic Modification: Annual Report. London; 1999.
PhD thesis
12. Kohavi R: Wrappers for performance enhancement and oblivious decision graphs. PhD thesis. Stanford University, Computer Science Department; 1995.
Link / URL
13. The Mouse Tumor Biology Database [http://tumor.informatics.jax.org/mtbwi/index.do]
Microsoft Word template
Although we can accept manuscripts prepared as Microsoft Word, RTF or PDF files, we have designed a Microsoft Word template that can be used to generate a standard style and format for your article. It can be used if you have not yet started to write your paper, or if it is already written and needs to be put into Implementation Science style.
Download the template (Mac and Windows compatible Word 1998/2000) from our site, and save it to your hard drive. Double click the template to open it.
How to use the Implementation Science template
The template consists of a standard set of headings that make up a Implementation Science Research manuscript, along with dummy fragments of body text. Follow these steps to create your manuscript in the standard format:
Replace the dummy text for Title, Author details, Institutional affiliations, and the other sections of the manuscript with your own text (either by entering the text directly or by cutting and pasting from your own manuscript document).
If there are sections which you do not need, delete them (but check the rest of the Instructions for Authors to see which sections are compulsory).
If you need an additional copy of a heading (e.g. for additional figure legends) just copy and paste.
For the references, you may either manually enter the references using the reference style given, or use bibliographic software to insert them automatically. We provide style files for EndNote, Reference Manager and Zotero.
For extra convenience, you can use the template as one of your standard Word templates. To do this, put a copy of the template file in Word's 'Templates' folder, normally C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Templates on a PC. The next time you create a new document in Word using the File menu, the template will appear as one of the available choices for a new document.
Editorial Board
Editors-in-Chief
Martin Eccles (United Kingdom)
Brian Mittman (United States)
Deputy Editor
Robbie Foy (United Kingdom)
Associate Editors
Gregory A. Aarons (United States)
Bridie Kent (Australia)
Denise O'Connor (Australia)
Anne Rogers (United Kingdom)
Anne Sales (Canada)
Michel Wensing (Netherlands)
Paul Wilson (United Kingdom)
Editorial Board
Luciana Ballini (Italy)
Melissa C. Brouwers (Canada)
C. Hendricks Brown (United States)
Heather Buchan (Australia)
Jako S Burgers (Netherlands)
Jan Clarkson (United Kingdom)
Luis Gabriel Cuervo (United States)
Bradley N. Doebbeling (United States)
Molla Donaldson (United States)
Pierre Durieux (France)
Carole A Estabrooks (Canada)
Dean Fixsen (United States)
Russell Glasgow (United States)
Don Goldmann (United States)
Ian D. Graham (Canada)
Lawrence W. Green (United States)
Sally Green (Australia)
Jeremy Grimshaw (Canada)
Richard Grol (Netherlands)
Steven E. Hanna (Canada)
John N. Lavis (Canada)
Martin Lee (United States)
France Legare (Canada)
Pisake Lumbiganon (Thailand)
Marjukka Mäkelä (Finland)
Carl May (United Kingdom)
Geraldine McGlynn (United States)
Lori Melichar (United States)
Susan Michie (United Kingdom)
John Ovretveit (Sweden)
Andy Oxman (Norway)
Enola Proctor (United States)
Craig Ramsay (United Kingdom)
Tim Rapley (United Kingdom)
Helen Roberts (United Kingdom)
Lisa Rubenstein (United States)
Rob Sanson-Fisher (Australia)
Nick Sevdalis (United Kingdom)
Jean R. Slutsky (United States)
Mark W. Smith (United States)
Leif Solberg (United States)
Nick Steen (United Kingdom)
Stephen Taplin (United States)
Marita Titler (United States)
Trudy van der Weijden (Netherlands)
Jane Young (Australia)
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