期刊名称：PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
 期刊简介(About the journal)
投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)
编辑部信息(Editorial Board)
About the journal
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases is an open-access journal devoted to the pathobiology, epidemiology, prevention, treatment, and control of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), as well as public policy relevant to this group of diseases. The NTDs are defined as a group of poverty-promoting chronic infectious diseases, which primarily occur in rural areas and poor urban areas of low-income and middle-income countries. They are poverty-promoting because of their impact on child health and development, pregnancy, and worker productivity, as well as their stigmatizing features. The major NTDs that are within the scope of PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases can be found in the description of the journal's scope.
Original Research Papers
All aspects of the NTDs will be considered, including their pathogenesis, clinical features, pharmacology and treatment, diagnosis, epidemiology, vector biology, and vaccinology and prevention. Demographic, ecological and social determinants, public health, and policy aspects of these diseases (including cost-effectiveness analyses) will also be a priority. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases is pleased to publish relevant in vitro and animal studies as well as human investigations. The journal is organized to provide additional support for authors from endemic countries, and such authors are particularly encouraged to submit their research to PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. Academic editors, supported by expert peer-reviewers, will select for publication those studies that drive their respective fields forward. We encourage papers that cross disciplines. If your study addresses an infection that is outside our detailed scope, you must first send a pre-submission inquiry indicating why you consider the infection to be a neglected tropical disease.
Magazine Section
In addition to publishing original research papers, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases will have an engaging magazine section with dedicated editors. Articles in the magazine section will mostly be commissioned, but we welcome your ideas for articles. If you would like to write a magazine-section article, please send a brief article proposal (up to 150 words) to plosntds [at] plos.org.
Manuscripts should represent a substantial advance in medical science or medical practice in terms of:
- Originality
- Importance and relevance to researchers, practitioners, or policy makers in the field of NTDs
- Interest for researchers or practitioners outside the field
- Rigorous methodology with conclusions justified by the evidence presented
- Adherence to the highest ethical standards
Instructions to Authors
Our aim is to provide all authors with an efficient, courteous, and constructive editorial process. To ensure the fairest and most objective decision-making, the editorial process is run as a partnership between the PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Editor-in-Chief, the eight Deputy Editors, and a team of academic experts who act as Associate Editors (AEs). These individuals, all of whom are members of the PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Editorial Board, are leaders in their fields and represent the full breadth of research on NTDs.
Submitted manuscripts are assigned to a Deputy Editor, who then assigns it to an appropriate AE. The AE promptly evaluates the paper and decides whether it is likely to meet the requirements of providing enough of an advance in a particular field and describing a sufficient body of work to support that claim. If so, the paper is sent out for peer review.
Expert reviewers will be asked to assess the technical and scientific merits of the work. Where relevant, work presented in a manuscript will be subject to a rigorous review of the statistical methods used. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases encourages open (non-anonymous) peer-review. As a default, we will pass a reviewer's name on to the authors along with the comments. If reviewers do not wish to have their name revealed, they can request to stay anonymous and we will honor that request.
Upon submission of a manuscript, authors are asked if they wish to exclude any specific academic editors or reviewers from the peer review of their article. The editorial team will respect these requests so long as this does not interfere with the objective and thorough assessment of the article. See the relevant guidelines for reviewers and more general information on PLoS' policy regarding competing interests.
Once all reviews have been received and considered by the professional and academic editors, a decision letter to the author will be drafted.
There are several types of decision possible:
Revised manuscripts will be assessed by the same academic editor. Sometimes, re-review or additional statistical review will be required, but in general we aim to make decisions without involving multiple rounds of review.
Upon acceptance, the manuscript is checked by PLoS staff to ensure that it is in a format that can be efficiently handled by our production system. The authors will be queried and allowed to make any final minor revisions that are needed.
This is the final stage at which authors will see their manuscript before publication. The authors' files will be carefully tagged to generate XML and PDF files, but will not be subject to detailed copyediting (see Overview of the Production Process). It is therefore essential that authors provide a thoroughly proofread and checked manuscript, following the manuscript checklist and any comments from PLoS staff.
Appeals of Decisions
All papers submitted to PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases will have been reviewed either by the full professional editorial team or by a professional and an academic editor. Only those papers that are considered to be within the scope of the journal and of high quality will be sent for external peer review. Whether before or after peer review, we do not reject papers without what we believe are good reasons. If you wish to appeal a rejection you should in the first instance contact the editor who handled the manuscript, explaining in detail your reasons for the appeal. We will discuss the paper again among all the editors and may seek re-review or we may reject again without further review. We cannot consider second appeals.
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases is committed to the highest ethical standards in medical research. Accordingly, we ask authors to provide specific information regarding ethical treatment of research participants, patient consent, patient privacy, protocols, authorship, and competing interests. We also ask that reports of certain specific types of studies adhere to generally accepted standards. Our requirements are based on the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals, issued by the International Committee for Medical Journal Editors and are enumerated below.
Human and Animal Research
All research involving humans and animals must have been approved by the authors' institutional review board or equivalent committee(s), and that board must be named by the authors in the manuscript. For research involving human participants, informed consent must have been obtained (or the reason for lack of consent explained, e.g. the data were analyzed anonymously) and all clinical investigation must have been conducted according to the principles expressed in the Declaration of Helsinki. It must be stated in the Methods section of the paper whether informed consent was written or oral. If informed consent was oral, it must be stated in the paper: (a) why written consent could not be obtained, (b) that the IRB approved the use of oral consent, and (c) how oral consent was documented.
Authors should be able to submit, upon request, a statement from the research ethics committee or institutional review board indicating approval of the research. We also encourage authors to submit a sample of a patient consent form, and may require submission on particular occasions.
All animal work must have been conducted according to relevant national and international guidelines. In accordance with the recommendations of the Weatherall report, "The use of non-human primates in research" we specifically require authors to include details of animal welfare and steps taken to ameliorate suffering in all work involving non-human primates. The institution that approved the study must be named, and it must be stated in the paper that the study was conducted adhering to the institution's guidelines for animal husbandry.
Patient Privacy and Informed Consent for Publication
Our human participant policy conforms to the Uniform Requirements of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors:
"Patients have a right to privacy that should not be infringed without informed consent. Identifying information should not be published in written descriptions, photographs, and pedigrees unless the information is essential for scientific purposes and the patient (or parent or guardian) gives written informed consent for publication. Informed consent for this purpose requires that the patient be shown the manuscript to be published.
Complete anonymity is difficult to achieve, and informed consent for publication should be obtained if there is any doubt. If data are changed to protect anonymity, authors should provide assurance that alterations of the data do not distort scientific meaning.
When informed consent has been obtained it should be indicated in the published article."
For papers that include identifying information, or potentially identifying information, authors must download the Consent Form for Publication in a PLoS Journal from our site, which the patient, parent or guardian must sign once they have read the paper and been informed about the terms of the PLoS open-access license. (This license means that the images and text we publish online become available for any lawful purpose). Once authors have obtained the signed consent form, it should be filed securely in the patient's case notes and the article submitted to the PLoS journal should include this statement indicating that specific consent to publication was obtained. "The patients in this manuscript have given written informed consent (as outlined in the PLoS consent form) to publication of their case details."
Download "Consent Form for Publication":
Material Required for the Submission of Specific Study Types
a. Clinical Trials
We follow the WHO definition of a clinical trial. "A clinical trial is any research study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes. Interventions include but are not restricted to drugs, cells and other biological products, surgical procedures, radiologic procedures, devices, behavioural treatments, process-of-care changes, preventive care, etc"
PLoS supports the position of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) on trial registration. All trials initiated after 1 July 2005 must be registered prospectively in a publicly accessible registry (i.e., before patient recruitment has begun), or they will not be considered for publication. For trials initiated before 1 July 2005, all trials must be registered before submission to our journals. See the ICMJE faq on trial registration for further details. The WHO's list of approved registries is listed here http://www.who.int/ictrp/network/primary/en/index.html.
Authors of trials must adhere to the CONSORT reporting guidelines appropriate to their trial design. Please check the CONSORT statement Web site for information on the appropriate guidelines for specific trial types. Before the paper can enter peer review authors must: 1) name in the paper trial registry, trial registration number, and IRB and 2) provide a copy of the trial protocol and a completed CONSORT checklist as supporting files (these documents will also be published alongside the paper, if accepted). The CONSORT flow diagram must be included as Figure 1. Any deviation from the trial protocol must be explained in the paper. Authors must explicitly discuss informed consent in their paper, and PLoS reserves the right to ask for a copy of the patient consent form. Information on statistical methods or participants beyond what is indicated in the CONSORT statement should be reported in the Methods section.
b. Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Reports of systematic reviews and meta-analyses should use the PRISMA statement as a guide, and include a completed PRISMA checklist and flow diagram to accompany the main text. Blank templates of the checklist and flow diagram can be downloaded from the PRISMA Web site.
c. Diagnostic Studies
Reports of studies of diagnostic accuracy should conform to the STARD requirements.
d. Epidemiological Studies
For reports of epidemiological studies, you should consult the STROBE initiative.
e. Microarray Experiments
Reports of microarray experiments should conform to the MIAME guidelines, and the data from the experiments must be deposited in a publicly accessible database.
Author Status
All authors will be contacted via e-mail at submission to ensure that they are aware of and approve the submission of the manuscript, its content, authorship, and order of authorship. Articles will not be published unless all authors have provided their assent to publication.
The involvement of any professional medical writer in publication must be declared. We encourage authors to consult the European Medical Writers�Association Guidelines on the role of medical writers. For all PLoS journals, the corresponding author must submit the manuscript, related files, and all required data and information. From the point of submission through to publication, all communication related to that manuscript will be directed to and received from the corresponding author only.
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases bases its criteria for authorship on those outlined in the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals,which are summarized below. The contributions of all authors must be described. Contributions that fall short of authorship should be mentioned in the acknowledgements.
"Authorship credit should be based on
1) substantial contribution to conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data;
2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and
3) final approval of the version to be published.
Authors should meet conditions 1, 2, and 3.
When a large, multi-center group has conducted the work, the group should identify the individuals who accept direct responsibility for the manuscript (3). These individuals should fully meet the criteria for authorship defined above and editors will ask these individuals to complete journal-specific author and competing interests disclosure forms. When submitting a group author manuscript, the corresponding author should clearly indicate the preferred citation and should clearly identify all individual authors as well as the group name.
Acquisition of funding, collection of data, or general supervision of the research group, alone, does not justify authorship. All persons designated as authors should qualify for authorship, and all those who qualify should be listed. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content."
PLoS journals follow the COPE guidelines covering changes in authorship. Please note that if any changes to the list of authors of a manuscript are necessary after the initial submission of a manuscript to a PLoS journal but before its publication, the corresponding author must first contact the journal staff and provide a clear reason for the change(s). If the change to the authorship list is appropriate and in keeping with the guidelines above, the corresponding author will be asked to provide written confirmation that all other authors listed on the manuscript at that time consent to the change(s). Any individuals who the corresponding author requests to add or remove from the list of authors will be contacted.
Prior Publication
When submitting an article, all authors are asked to indicate that they have not submitted a similar manuscript for publication elsewhere. If related work has been submitted elsewhere, then a copy must be included with the article submitted to PLoS. Reviewers will be asked to comment on the overlap between related submissions.
8. Preparation of Research Articles
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases publishes original research articles of importance to the NTDs community and the wider health community. We will consider manuscripts of any length; we encourage the submission of both substantial full-length bodies of work and shorter manuscripts that report novel findings that might be based on a more limited range of experiments.
The writing style should be concise and accessible, avoiding jargon so that the paper is understandable for readers outside a specialty or those whose first language is not English. Editors will make suggestions for how to achieve this, as well as suggestions for cuts or additions that could be made to the article to strengthen the argument. Our aim is to make the editorial process rigorous and consistent, but not intrusive or overbearing. Authors are encouraged to use their own voice and to decide how best to present their ideas, results, and conclusions. Although we encourage submissions from around the globe, we require that manuscripts be submitted in English. Authors who do not use English as a first language may contact us for additional information. As a step towards overcoming language barriers on acceptance of the paper, we encourage authors fluent in other languages to provide copies of their full articles or abstracts in other languages. We will publish these translations as supporting information and list them, together with other supporting information files, at the end of the article text.
Cover Letter
Please include a cover letter explaining why this manuscript is suitable for publication in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. Why will your research paper inspire the NTDs community, and how will it drive the understanding of NTD pathobiology, epidemiology, prevention, treatment, control, or policy?
If your study addresses an infection that is outside our detailed scope, you must first send a pre-submission inquiry indicating why you consider the infection to be a neglected tropical disease.
Electronic Formats
Our submission system supports a limited range of formats for text and graphics. The following file formats/types and manuscript information are required before submission. If you are concerned about the suitability of your files, please contact us at plosntds [at] plos.org.
Manuscript and Table Files
Microsoft Word article files should be submitted in DOC or RTF format. For technical reasons PLoS cannot accept Word 2007 DOCX files. If you created your manuscript using Word 2007, you must save the document as a Word 2003 file before submission.
Math Equations and Word 2007
If you are using Word 2007 and your manuscript will contain equations, you must follow the instructions below to make sure that your equations will be editable when you save the file as a Word 2003 document. PLoS cannot accept articles containing equations that are not editable in Word 2003.
You can ensure that your equations remain editable in Word 2003 by enabling "Compatibility Mode" before you begin. To do this:
- Open a new document.
- Save as "Word 97-2003 Document (*.doc)."
Several features of Word 2007 will now be inactive, including the built-in equation editing tool. You can now insert equations in one of two ways:
- Go to Insert > Object > Microsoft Equation 3.0 and create the equation.
- Use MathType to create the equation. MathType is the recommended method for creating equations.
If, when saving your final document, you see a message saying "Equations will be converted to images". This means that your equations are no longer editable and PLoS will not unable to accept your file.
NOTE: If you have already composed your article in Word 2007 and used its built-in equation editing tool, your equations will become images when the file is saved down to Word 97-2003. You will need to edit your document and insert the equations using one of the two ways specified above.
LaTeX
Articles prepared in LaTeX may be submitted in PDF format for use during the review process. After acceptance, however, .tex files and formatting information will be required as a zipped file. Please consult our LaTeX Guidelines for a list of what will be required.
Tables
Tables must conform to our Guidelines for Figure and Table Preparation and placed at the end of the article DOC or RTF file. Accepted LaTeX submissions only should have table files—which must also conform to Guidelines—uploaded individually into the online submission system.
Figure Files
Graphics files can only be submitted in EPS or TIF format. For the article to be accepted for publication, the author will need to supply high-resolution versions of the figures. When preparing your figures, please ensure that the files conform to our Guidelines for Table and Figure Preparation.
If you are uploading your files in EPS format, please use the "create outlines" option under the type menu in Illustrator so that all text and fonts appear as intended in print. If you need additional help with figure preparation, please contact figures [at] plos.org.
Authors are encouraged to provide a striking image to accompany their article, if one is available. This image may be chosen to highlight the article on our journal Web site.
All figures will be published under a Creative Commons Attribution License. Upon publication they will be made available online without cost to anyone, anywhere—to download, redistribute, include in databases, and otherwise use—subject only to the condition that the original authorship is properly attributed. Please do not submit any figures that have been previously copyrighted unless you have express written permission from the copyright holder to publish under this license.
Financial Disclosure
This section should describe sources of funding that have supported the work. Please include relevant grant numbers and the URL of any funder's Web site. Please also include this sentence: "The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript." If this statement is not correct, you must describe the role of any sponsors or funders, and amend the aforementioned sentence as needed.
Competing Interests
The submitting author is asked at submission to declare, on behalf of all authors, whether there are any financial, personal, or professional interests that could be construed to have influenced the paper. The information entered here will appear in the published version, so please do not include the same in the manuscript file.
Reviewers are also asked to declare any interests that might interfere with their objective assessment of a manuscript. Any relevant competing interests of authors must be available to editors and reviewers during the review process and will be stated in published articles. Read more about the Public Library of Science's Competing Interests Policy.
Abbreviations
Please keep abbreviations to a minimum and define them upon first use in the text. Non-standard abbreviations should not be used unless they appear at least three times in the text.
Nomenclature
The use of standardized nomenclature in all fields of science and medicine is an essential step toward the integration and linking of scientific information reported in published literature. We will enforce the use of correct and established nomenclature wherever possible:
- We strongly encourage the use of SI units. If you do not use these exclusively, please provide the SI value in parentheses after each value.
- Species names should be italicized (e.g., Homo sapiens) and the full genus and species must be written out in full, both in the title of the manuscript and at the first mention of an organism in a paper; after that, the first letter of the genus name, followed by the full species name may be used.
- Genes, mutations, genotypes, and alleles should be indicated in italics. Use the recommended name by consulting the appropriate genetic nomenclature database, e.g., HUGO for human genes. It is sometimes advisable to indicate the synonyms for the gene the first time it appears in the text. Gene prefixes such as those used for oncogenes or cellular localization should be shown in roman: v-fes, c-MYC, etc.
- The Recommended International Non-Proprietary Name (rINN) of drugs should be provided.
Accession Numbers
All appropriate datasets, images, and information should be deposited in public resources. Please provide the relevant accession numbers (and version numbers, if appropriate). Accession numbers should be provided in parentheses after the entity on first use. Suggested databases include, but are not limited to:
In addition, as much as possible, please provide accession numbers or identifiers for all entities such as genes, proteins, mutants, diseases, etc., for which there is an entry in a public database, for example:
Providing accession numbers allows linking to and from established databases and integrates your article with a broader collection of scientific information.
Organization of the Manuscript
Most articles published in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases are organized into the following sections: Title, Authors and Affiliations, Abstract, Author Summary, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgments, References, Figure Legends, and Tables. Uniformity in format facilitates the experience of readers and users of the journal. To provide flexibility, however, the Results and Discussion can be combined into one Results/Discussion section. All manuscripts must contain line numbers. Although we have no firm length restrictions for the entire manuscript, we urge authors to present and discuss their findings concisely.
Templates for Specific Study Types
These manuscript templates will help to prepare your manuscript in the standard format. The templates consist of the standard headings along with body text explaining what to include in each section. You should overwrite (or copy and paste) the body text with the corresponding section text for your article.
Title (150 characters)
The title should be specific to the study yet concise, and should allow sensitive and specific electronic retrieval of the article. It should be comprehensible to readers outside your field. Avoid specialist abbreviations if possible. Titles should be presented in title case, meaning that all words except for prepositions, articles, and conjunctions should be capitalized. If the paper is a randomized controlled trial or a meta-analysis, this description should be in the title.
Examples:
- Climate Change and Spread of Lymphatic Filariasis in Sub-Saharan Africa
- A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial of a Nurse-Led Deworming Program for Soil-Transmitted Helminths
Please also provide a brief "running head" of no more than 50 characters (including spaces).
Authors and Affiliations
Provide the first names or initials (if used), middle names or initials (if used), surnames, and affiliations—department, university or organization, city, state/province (if applicable), and country—for all authors. One of the authors should be designated as the corresponding author. It is the corresponding author's responsibility to ensure that the author list, and the summary of the author contributions to the study are accurate and complete. If the article has been submitted on behalf of a consortium, all consortium members and affiliations should be listed after the Acknowledgments.
(For authorship criteria, see Supporting Information and Materials Required at Submission)
Abstract
The abstract succinctly introduces the paper. We advise that it should not exceed 250 �300 words. It should mention the techniques used without going into methodological detail and summarize the most important results with important numerical results given. The abstract is conceptually divided into the following three sections with these headings: Background, Methodology/Principal Findings, and Conclusions/Significance. Please do not include any citations in the abstract. Avoid specialist abbreviations.
Author Summary
We ask that all authors of research articles include a 150- to 200-word non-technical summary of the work, immediately following the Abstract. Subject to editorial review and author revision, this short text is published with all research articles as a highlighted text box.
Distinct from the scientific abstract, the author summary should highlight where the work fits in a broader context of life science knowledge and why these findings are important to an audience that includes both scientists and non-scientists. Ideally aimed to a level of understanding of an undergraduate student, the significance of the work should be presented simply, objectively, and without exaggeration.
Authors should avoid the use of acronyms and complex scientific terms and write the author summary using the first-person voice. Authors may benefit from consulting with a science writer or press officer to ensure that they effectively communicate their findings to a general audience.
Examples are available at:
Pseudogenization of a Sweet-Receptor Gene Accounts for Cats' Indifference toward Sugar
A Hybrid Photoreceptor Expressing Both Rod and Cone Genes in a Mouse Model of Enhanced S-Cone Syndrome
Life in Hot Carbon Monoxide: The Complete Genome Sequence of Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans Z-2901
Introduction
The introduction should discuss the purpose of the study in the broader context. As you compose the introduction, think of readers who are not experts in this field. Include a brief review of the key literature. If there are relevant controversies or disagreements in the field, they should be mentioned so that a non-expert reader can delve into these issues further. The introduction should conclude with a brief statement of the overall aim of the experiments and a comment about whether that aim was achieved.
Methods
This section should provide enough detail for reproduction of the findings. Protocols for new methods should be included, but well-established protocols may simply be referenced. Detailed methodology or supporting information relevant to the methodology can be published on our Web site.
This section should also include a section with descriptions of any statistical methods employed. These should conform to the criteria outlined by the Uniform Requirements, as follows: "Describe statistical methods with enough detail to enable a knowledgeable reader with access to the original data to verify the reported results. When possible, quantify findings and present them with appropriate indicators of measurement error or uncertainty (such as confidence intervals). Avoid relying solely on statistical hypothesis testing, such as the use of P values, which fails to convey important quantitative information. Discuss the eligibility of research participants. Give details about randomization. Describe the methods for and success of any blinding of observations. Report complications of treatment. Give numbers of observations. Report losses to observation (such as dropouts from a clinical trial). References for the design of the study and statistical methods should be to standard works when possible (with pages stated) rather than to papers in which the designs or methods were originally reported. Specify any general-use computer programs used."
Results
The results section should include all relevant positive and negative findings. The section may be divided into subsections, each with a concise subheading. Large datasets, including raw data, should be submitted as supporting files; these are published online alongside the accepted article. The results section should be written in past tense.
As outlined in the Uniform requirements, authors that present statistical data in the Results section, should "...specify the statistical methods used to analyze them. Restrict tables and figures to those needed to explain the argument of the paper and to assess its support. Use graphs as an alternative to tables with many entries; do not duplicate data in graphs and tables. Avoid nontechnical uses of technical terms in statistics, such as "random" (which implies a randomizing device), "normal," "significant," "correlations," and "sample." Define statistical terms, abbreviations, and most symbols."
Discussion
The discussion should be concise and tightly argued. It should start with a brief summary of the main findings. It should include paragraphs on the generalisability, clinical relevance, strengths, and, most importantly, the limitations of your study. You may wish to discuss the following points also. How do the conclusions affect the existing knowledge in the field? How can future research build on these observations? What are the key experiments that must be done?
Acknowledgments
People who contributed to the work, but do not fit the criteria for authors should be listed in the Acknowledgments, along with their contributions. You must also ensure that anyone named in the acknowledgments agrees to being so named.
Details of the funding sources that have supported the work should be confined to the funding statement provided in the online submission system. Do not include them in the acknowledgments.
Details of the funding sources that have supported the work should be confined to the funding statement provided in the online submission system. Do not include them in the acknowledgments.
References
Only published or accepted manuscripts should be included in the reference list. Meetings abstracts, conference talks, or papers that have been submitted but not yet accepted should not be cited. Limited citation of unpublished work should be included in the body of the text only. All personal communications should be supported by a letter from the relevant authors.
PLoS uses the numbered citation (citation-sequence) method. References are listed and numbered in the order that they appear in the text. In the text, citations should be indicated by the reference number in brackets. Multiple citations within a single set of brackets should be separated by commas. Where there are three or more sequential citations, they should be given as a range. Example: "... has been shown previously [1,4-6,22]." Make sure the parts of the manuscript are in the correct order before ordering the citations.
Because all references will be linked electronically as much as possible to the papers they cite, proper formatting of the references is crucial. Please use the following style for the reference list:
Published Papers
1. Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR (1977) DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 74: 5463-5467.
Please list the first five authors and then add "et al." if there are additional authors. Use of a DOI number to the full-text article is acceptable as an alternative to or in addition to traditional volume and page numbers.
Accepted Papers
Same as above, but "in press" appears instead of the page numbers. Example: Adv Clin Path. In press.
Electronic Journal Articles 1. Loker WM (1996) "Campesinos" and the crisis of modernization in Latin America. Jour Pol Ecol 3. Available: http://www.library.arizona.edu/ej/jpe/volume_3/ascii-lokeriso.txt. Accessed 2006 Aug 11.
Books
1. Bates B (1992) Bargaining for life: A social history of tuberculosis. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 435 p.
Book Chapters
1. Hansen B (1991) New York City epidemics and history for the public. In: Harden VA, Risse GB, editors. AIDS and the historian. Bethesda: National Institute of Health. pp. 21-28.
Figure Legends
The aim of the figure legend should be to describe the key messages of the figure, but the figure should also be discussed in the text. An enlarged version of the figure and its full legend will often be viewed in a separate window online, and it should be possible for a reader to understand the figure without switching back and forth between this window and the relevant parts of the text. Each legend should have a concise title of no more than 15 words. The legend itself should be succinct, while still explaining all symbols and abbreviations. Avoid lengthy descriptions of methods.
Tables
All tables should have a concise title. Footnotes can be used to explain abbreviations. Citations should be indicated using the same style as outlined above. Tables occupying more than one printed page should be avoided, if possible. Larger tables can be published as online supporting information. Tables must be cell-based; do not use picture elements, text boxes, tabs, or returns in tables. Please ensure that the files conform to our Guidelines for Figure and Table Preparation when preparing your tables for production.
Tables should be placed at the end of the manuscript file, rather than uploaded separately into the submission system.
Multimedia Files and Supporting Information
We encourage authors to submit essential supporting files and multimedia files along with their manuscripts. All supporting material will be subject to peer review, and should be smaller than 10 MB in size because of the difficulties that some users will experience in loading or downloading files of a greater size.
Supporting files should fall into one of the following categories: Dataset, Figure, Table, Text, Protocol, Audio, or Video. All supporting information should be referred to in the manuscript with a leading capital S (e.g., Figure S4 for the fourth supporting information figure). The numbered title and caption for each supporting information file should be entered into the appropriate fields in the online submission system. The information entered here will appear in the published version, so no supporting information titles or captions should be listed in the manuscript file.
Supporting files may be submitted in a variety of formats, but should be publication-ready, as these files are not copyedited. Carefully consider whether your supporting information needs to be searchable and/or editable, and choose the most suitable format accordingly. See the Figure Guidelines for more detail about our requirements for multimedia files and the file formats we accept.
Editorial Board
Editors-in-Chief
- Peter Hotez
- The George Washington University,
Washington DC, USA
- Serap Aksoy
- Yale School of Public Health,
New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Deputy Editors
- Jeff Bethony
- George Washington University Medical Center,
Washington DC, USA
- Paul Brindley
- George Washington University Medical Center,
Washington DC, USA
- Simon Brooker
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
London, UK
- Charles King
- Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Albert Ko
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil,
Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York
- A. Desiree La Beaud
- Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Mike Lehane
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine,
Liverpool, UK
- Sara Lustigman
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute,
New York Blood Center,
New York, New York, USA
- Photini Sinnis
- New York University School of Medicine,
New York, New York, USA
- Pamela Small
- University of Tennessee,
Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
- Juerg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical Institute,
Basel, Switzerland
Associate Editors
- Oladele B. Akogun
- Federal University of Technology,
Yola, Nigeria
- Judith Allen
- University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
- Roberto Barrera
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Maria-Gloria Basáñez
- Imperial College London,
London, UK
- Daniel G. Bausch
- Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine,
New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Yasmine Belkaid
- National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Zvi Bentwich
- Center for Infectious Diseases and AIDS, Ben Gurion University,
Beer Sheba, Israel
- Alok Bhattacharya
- Jawaharlal Nehru University,
New Delhi, India
- David Blair
- James Cook University,
Townsville, Australia
- Marleen Boelaert
- Institute of Tropical Medicine,
Antwerp, Belgium
- Maria Elena Bottazzi
- The George Washington University,
Washington DC, USA
- Pierre Buffet
- Institut Pasteur,
Paris, France
- Michael Cappello
- Yale University,
New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Hélène Carabin
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center,
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Jane Carlton
- New York University School of Medicine,
New York, New York, USA
- Edgar Carvalho
- Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador,
Bahia, Brazil
- Cheng-Chen Chen
- National Yang-Ming University,
Taipei, Taiwan
- Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira
- FIOCRUZ,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- John P. Dalton
- McGill University,
Montreal, Canada
- Stephen J. Davies
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences,
Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- David Diemert
- Human Hookworm Vaccine Initiative,
Sabin Vaccine Institute,
Washington DC, USA
- Rhoel R. Dinglasan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health,
Baltimore, MD, USA
- Daniel Eichinger
- New York University School of Medicine,
New York, New York, USA
- Dirk Engels
- The World Health Organization,
Geneva, Switzerland
- Christian Engwerda
- The Queensland Institute of Medical Research,
Brisbane, Australia
- Ana Flisser
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,
Mexico City, Mexico
- Carlos Franco-Paredes
- Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta,
Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City
- Amadou Garba
- Ministere de la Sante Publique,
Niamey, Niger
- Hector H. Garcia
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia,
Lima, Peru
- Ricardo T. Gazzinelli
- University of Massachusetts Medical School,
Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Timothy Geary
- McGill University,
Montreal, Canada
- Elodie Ghedin
- University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Duane Gubler
- Asia-Pacific Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases,
Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Ricardo E. Gurtler
- Universidad de Buenos Aires,
Buenos Aires, Argentina
- John Gyapong
- Health Research Unit,
Ghana Health Service,
Accra, Ghana
- Theresa Gyorkos
- McGill University,
Montreal, Canada
- Scott Halstead
- Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative,
Seoul, Korea
- Eva Harris
- University of California, Berkeley,
Berkeley, California, USA
- Kenji Hirayama
- Nagasaki University,
Nagasaki, Japan
- Jorge Huete-Pérez
- Universidad Centroamericana,
Managua, Nicaragua
- Akira Ito
- Asahikawa Medical College,
Asahikawa, Japan
- Charles Jaffe
- Hadassah Medical School,
Hebrew University,
Jerusalem, Israel
- Anthony James
- University of California, Irvine,
Irvine, California, USA
- Malcolm K. Jones
- The Queensland Institute of Medical Research,
Brisbane, Australia
- Narcis Kabatereine
- Ministry of Health,
Kampala, Uganda
- Gagandeep Kang
- Christian Medical College,
Vellore, India
- Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical Institute,
Basel, Switzerland
- Ben L. Kelly
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center,
New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Kiyoshi Kita
- The University of Tokyo,
Tokyo, Japan
- Pattamaporn Kittayapong
- Mahidol University,
Bangkok, Thailand
- Matty Knight
- Biomedical Research Institute,
Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Dominique Kyelem
- Ministry of Health,
Ouagadogou, Burkina Faso
- Patrick Lammie
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Diane Lockwood
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
London, UK
- Anuradha Lohia
- Bose Institute,
Kolkata, India
- Benedito A. Lopes da Fonseca
- Universidade de São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil
- Hechmi Louzir
- Institute Pasteur de Tunis,
Tunis, Tunisia
- Sheila Lukehart
- University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington, USA
- Kirsten E. Lyke
- Center for Vaccine Development,
University of Maryland,
Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Andrew MacDonald
- University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, Scotland
- Charles Mackenzie
- Michigan State University,
East Lansing, MI, USA
- Elizabeth A. L. Martins
- Instituto Butantan,
Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Greg Matlashewski
- McGill University,
Montreal, Canada
- James McCarthy
- The Queensland Institute of Medical Research,
Brisbane, Australia
- James H. McKerrow
- University of California, San Francisco,
San Francisco, California, USA
- Diane McMahon-Pratt
- Yale University,
New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Genevieve Milon
- Institut Pasteur,
Paris, France
- Jorge Motta
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud,
Panama City, Panama
- Dunstan Mukoko
- Ministry of Health,
Nairobi, Kenya
- Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu
- Hadassah Medical School,
Hebrew University,
Jerusalem, Israel
- Mariam Mwanje
- Ministry of Health,
Nairobi, Kenya
- Joseph Ndung'u
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND),
Cointrin, Switzerland
- Richard Ndyomugyenyi
- Vector Control Division,
Ministry of Health,
Kampala, Uganda
- Jeremia Ngondi
- University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
- Sergio Costa Oliveira
- Federal University of Minas Gerais,
Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Kenneth Olson
- Colorado State University,
Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Sharon J. Peacock
- Mahidol University,
Bangkok, Thailand
- Richard Phillips
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology/ Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Department of Medicine,
Kumasi, Ghana
- Mathieu Picardeau
- Institut Pasteur,
Paris, France
- Ann Powers
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Roger Prichard
- McGill University,
Montreal, Canada
- Didier Raoult
- Université de la Méditerranée,
Marseille, France
- Jayne Raper
- New York University School of Medicine,
New York, New York, USA
- Giovanna Raso
- The Queensland Institute of Medical Research,
Brisbane, Australia
- Ana Rodriguez
- New York University School of Medicine,
New York, New York, USA
- Edward Ryan
- Harvard University and Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Rosemary C. Sang
- Centre for Virus Research,
Nairobi, Kenya
- Helton da Costa Santiago
- George Washington School of Medicine,
Washington DC, USA
- José Ignacio Santos
- Hospital Infantil de Mexico,
Mexico City, Mexico
- Julius Schachter
- University of California, San Francisco,
San Francisco, California, USA
- Edmund Seto
- University of California, Berkeley,
Berkeley, California, USA
- Nilanthi de Silva
- University of Kelaniya,
Dalugama, Sri Lanka
- Gary Simon
- The George Washington University,
Washington DC, USA
- Sunit K. Singh
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB),
Hyderabad, India
- Banchob Sripa
- Khon Kaen University,
Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Louis-Albert Tchuem Tchuenté
- Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology,
University of Yaoundé,
Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Robert Tesh
- University of Texas Medical Branch,
Galveston, Texas, USA
- Yara M. Traub-Csekö
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Christian Tschudi
- Yale School of Public Health,
New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Jesus Valenzuela
- National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Joseph M. Vinetz
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine,
La Jolla, California, USA
- David H. Walker
- University of Texas Medical Branch,
Galveston, Texas, USA
- Judd Walson
- University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington, USA
- Joanne Webster
- Imperial College London,
London, UK
- Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Leiden University Medical Center,
Leiden, Netherlands
- Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases,
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,
Shanghai, China
- Jakob Zinsstag
- Swiss Tropical Institute,
Basel, Switzerland
Editorial Advisors
- Uche Amazigo
- African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control,
The World Health Organization,
Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Daniel G. Colley
- University of Georgia,
Athens, Georgia, USA
- Pierre Druilhe
- Institut Pasteur,
Paris, France
- Richard Feachem
- The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria,
Geneva, Switzerland
- Alan Fenwick
- Imperial College London,
London, UK
- Paul Fine
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
London, UK
- Victoria Hale
- Institute for OneWorld Health,
San Francisco, California, USA
- Paul Hunt
- The Human Rights Centre, University of Essex,
Essex, UK
- Alex Loukas
- The Queensland Institute of Medical Research,
Brisbane, Australia
- Santiago Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidad de Valencia,
Valencia, Spain
- Don McManus
- The Queensland Institute of Medical Research,
Brisbane, Australia
- David Molyneux
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine,
Liverpool, UK
- Carlos Morel
- FIOCRUZ,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- James Mwanzia
- Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization,
Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- G. Richard Olds
- Medical College of Wisconsin,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Eric A. Ottesen
- Task Force for Child Survival and Development, &
Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University,
Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Frank Richards, Jr.
- The Carter Center,
Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Lee W. Riley
- University of California, Berkeley,
Berkeley, California, USA
- Laura C. Rodrigues
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
London, UK
- Jeffrey D. Sachs
- The Earth Institute at Columbia University,
New York, New York, USA
- Nancy Gore Saravia
- Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Medicas,
Cali, Colombia
- Lorenzo Savioli
- The World Health Organization,
Geneva, Switzerland
- Terrence Spithill
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University,
Montreal, Canada
- Ken Stuart
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute,
Seattle, Washington, USA
- Marcel Tanner
- Swiss Tropical Institute,
Basel, Switzerland
- Thomas R. Unnasch
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Gary Weil
- Washington University,
St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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刊名字顺( Alphabetical List of Journals):
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