期刊名称：SCIENCE & JUSTICE
 期刊简介(About the journal)
投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)
编辑部信息(Editorial Board)
About the journal
About the Journal
Science & Justice provides a forum to promote communication and publication of original articles, reviews and correspondence on subjects that spark debates within the Forensic Science Community and the criminal justice sector. The journal provides a medium whereby all aspects of applying science to legal proceedings can be debated and progressed.
Science & Justice provides a forum to promote communication and publication of original articles, reviews and correspondence on subjects that spark debates within the Forensic Science Community and the criminal justice sector. The journal provides a medium whereby all aspects of applying science to legal proceedings can be debated and progressed. Science & Justice is published four times a year, and will be of interest primarily to practising forensic scientists and their colleagues in related fields. It is chiefly concerned with the publication of formal scientific papers, in keeping with its international learned status, but will not accept any article describing experimentation on animals which does not meet strict ethical standards.
Aims and Scope
Promote communication and informed debate within the Forensic Science Community and the criminal justice sector.
To promote the publication of learned and original research findings from all areas of the forensic sciences and by so doing to advance the profession.
To promote the publication of case based material by way of case reviews.
To promote the publication of book reviews and conference proceedings which are of interest to the forensic science community.
Scope:
To provide a medium whereby all aspects of applying science to legal proceedings can be debated and progressed.
To appeal to all those with an interest in the forensic sciences.
Instructions to Authors
Instructions to Authors
Science & Justice is the official publication of the Forensic Science Society which was founded, in 1959, with the objects of advancing the study, application and standing of forensic science, and facilitating co-operation among persons interested in forensic science throughout the world. Science & Justice is published four times a year, and will be of interest primarily to practising forensic scientists and their colleagues in related fields. It is chiefly concerned with the publication of formal scientific papers, in keeping with its international learned status, but will not accept any article describing experimentation on animals which does not meet strict ethical standards.
In order to accommodate a range of articles of interest to members and other readers, each issue may contain material as follows:
1. Professional Articles: on matters of a professional nature including casework reports, non-technical reviews and essays, legal comment, the investigative sciences, and any items concerned with the professional standing of expert witnesses.
2. Scientific and Technical Articles: technical reviews or articles in which there is a clear novel experimental or interpretative content. These may cover the areas of statistics, experimental pathology, histology, biology, botany, molecular biology and biochemistry, general chemistry and toxicology, questioned documents, firearms examination, metallurgy and road accident investigation or any subject matter deemed acceptable under this heading by the Honorary Editor.
3. Proceedings: intended for the rapid publication of comprehensive summaries or the edited texts of papers read at scientific meetings of the Forensic Science Society. The Editor reserves the right, at her own discretion, to submit for peer review any proceedings papers which she feels would benefit.
4. Society News: intended for the activities of the Forensic Science Society and its affiliated society, the California Association of Criminalists of a more formal nature than that reported in the Society s newsletter.
5. Editorial: intended as a platform for the Editor and for others with a keen interest in forensic science who wish to comment on current affairs.
6. Other features that appear frequently, although not necessarily in every issue, are Book Reviews and Abstracts.
The Editor welcomes original contributions in English on any aspect of forensic science; authors are asked to specify the section of Science & Justice for which they wish the manuscript to be considered. Authors should aim to make their manuscripts comprehensible to the majority of Science & Justice's readers, bearing in mind that this majority will not be specialists in the author s particular field. Those intending to submit manuscripts for publication in Science & Justice are advised to study carefully the following instructions. Articles are published on the understanding that publication is not taken to imply endorsement of the views therein by either the Editor or the Council of the Forensic Science Society.
All submissions must be accompanied by a covering letter from the author who is to be responsible for correspondence about the manuscript. The covering letter should contain a statement that the manuscript has been seen and approved by all authors and by any person whose aid has been acknowledged. Authors working within an organisation where approval to publish is required should show in the covering letter that such approval has been obtained. Also included should be copies of any permission required to reproduce published material or recognisable photographs of individuals. Where the paper describes work done with material donated by volunteers or experimental work involving volunteer subjects the paper must include a statement indicating that the study protocol has been approved by a properly constituted Research Ethics Committee. The only exception will be where authors of the paper have used samples donated by themselves for the study.
Every manuscript is considered for publication on the strict understanding that (a) it is not being submitted to another journal at the same time and (b) it has not already been accepted or published elsewhere. Written confirmation of these points will be required from the corresponding author before publication. This does not preclude consideration of a complete report that follows publication of preliminary findings or of a manuscript where an abstract or report was published previously in the Society News section.
Manuscript review and revision
While the Editor may seek the opinion of a referee on any article submitted, it is editorial policy that all manuscripts submitted for publication in the Professional and Scientific and Technical sections are subject to peer review by at least two referees, who remain anonymous. Although referees are sent the manuscript without the title page, authors should recognise that their identity may be obvious from reading the manuscript. Authors may suggest the names of suitable referees, if they wish. Peer review of papers in the Proceedings section will be at the Editor s discretion. Every manuscript is given a date of receipt and a date of acceptance or rejection. The date of receipt published in Science & Justice will normally be that on which the paper was originally submitted, but papers returned for reconsideration after rejection, or after long delay following modification, will normally be given a revised date of receipt.
1. Submission of articles
1.1 General
It is essential to give a fax number and e-mail address when submitting a manuscript. Articles must be written in good English.
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the copyright-holder. Upon acceptance of an article, Authors will be asked to transfer copyright (for more information on copyright see http://www.elsevier.com/authors). This transfer will ensure the widest possible dissemination of information. A letter will be sent to the corresponding Author confirming receipt of the manuscript. A form facilitating transfer of copyright will be provided.
All authors should have made substantial contributions to all of the following: (1) the conception and design of the study, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data, (2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content, (3) final approval of the version to be submitted.
Acknowledgements
All contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship as defined above should be listed in an acknowledgements section. Examples of those who might be acknowledged include a person who provided purely technical help, writing assistance, or a department chair who provided only general support. Authors should disclose whether they had any writing assistance and identify the entity that paid for this assistance.
Conflict of interest
At the end of the text, under a subheading "Conflict of interest statement" all authors must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organisations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding.
Role of the funding source
All sources of funding should be declared as an acknowledgement at the end of the text. Authors should declare the role of study sponsors, if any, in the study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. If the study sponsors had no such involvement, the authors should so state.
1.2 On-line submission to the journal prior to acceptance
Submission to this journal proceeds online via Elsevier Editorial System - http://ees.elsevier.com/scijus/. Authors will be guided step-by-step through uploading files directly from their computers. Electronic PDF proofs will be automatically generated from uploaded files, and used for subsequent reviewing. Please note that even though manuscript source files are converted to PDF at submission for the review process, these source files are needed for further processing after acceptance. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, takes place by e-mail and via the author's homepage, removing the need for a hard-copy paper trail.
The above represents a very brief outline of this form of submission. It can be advantageous to print this "Guide for Authors" section from the site for reference in the subsequent stages of article preparation.
1.3 Electronic format requirements for accepted articles
1.3.1 General points
We accept most wordprocessing formats, but Word, WordPerfect or LaTeX is preferred. Always keep a backup copy of the electronic file for reference and safety. Save your files using the default extension of the program used.
1.3.2 Wordprocessor documents It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the wordprocessor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the wordprocessor s options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. Do not embed graphically designed equations or tables, but prepare these using the wordprocessor s facility. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authorshome.authors/howtosubmitpaper). Do not import the figures into the text file but, instead, indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic text and on the manuscript. See also the section on Preparation of electronic illustrations. To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the spellchecker function of your wordprocessor.
2. Preparation of text
Manuscripts prepared according to the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals are acceptable, with the exception that in citations the journal title should be given in full and not abbreviated. Details of these requirements are available at several web sites including www.acponline.org/journals/resource/unifreqr.htm
2.1 Presentation of manuscript
2.1.1 General Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Italics are not to be used for expressions of Latin origin, for example, in vivo, et al., per se. Use decimal points (not commas); use a space for thousands (10 000 and above).
2.1.2 Language Polishing. Authors who require information about language editing and copyediting services pre- and post-submission please visit http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authorshome.authors/languagepolishing or contact authorsupport@elsevier.com for more information. Please note Elsevier neither endorses nor takes responsibility for any products, goods or services offered by outside vendors through our services or in any advertising. For more information please refer to our Terms and Conditions http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/termsconditions.cws_home/termsconditions
2.1.4 Title page
Provide the following data on the title page (in the order given).
Title. Concise (not more than 80 characters) and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible. It would also be helpful if the authors could supply a short title of no more than eight words. For the Proceedings section, usually reserved for papers based on presentations to meetings of the Forensic Science Society, the title of the manuscript should be that of the presentation.
Author names and affiliations. Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who is willing to handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a "Present address" (or "Permanent address") may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Abstract. A concise and factual abstract is required (maximum length 120 words). The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separate from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. References should therefore be avoided, but if essential, they must be cited in full, without reference to the reference list. Non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
Keywords. Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of six keywords, avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, "and", "of"). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
N.B. Acknowledgements. Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise.
2.2 Arrangement of the article
Subdivision of the article. Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to "the text." Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
Every Professional or Scientific and Technical manuscript should start on the second page with the title and an abstract of no more than 100 words which should state the purpose of the work, basic procedures used, main findings and principal conclusions. New and important aspects of the study should be emphasised. Please avoid using headers and footers other than page numbers.
The text layout thereafter will vary because, for example, case reports, reviews and methodological papers require different treatment. Observational and experimental papers should normally be divided into sections headed Introduction, Experimental method, Results, and Discussion. The subject matter of Proceedings papers should be confined to that covered at the meeting, although content, layout and style may be altered to suit the requirements of a written text.
The Introduction should state the purpose of the article and give pertinent references. Methods should identify procedures and sources of equipment in sufficient detail to allow other workers to reproduce the results. Established techniques may be given by reference only, but new techniques should be fully described and information given to allow evaluation by the reader. Results should be presented in a logical sequence using text, tables and illustrations, with avoidance of repetition. The Discussion should emphasise new and important aspects of the study and end with conclusions that follow from them. Results should not be repeated in detail in the Discussion, but their implications and limitations should be considered and related to other relevant studies. Please avoid using footnotes and/or italic or bold emphasis within the text.
Tables
Each table must be typed on a separate sheet and numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals using the word 'Table' and not a contraction. A brief title and explanatory footnotes should be supplied, sufficient in detail to allow each table to be understood without reference to the text. Statistical measures of variation should be given wherever possible. Do not draw vertical lines on tables.
Abbreviations
Abbreviations and acronyms must not be used in titles and should be used sparingly in the text. Measurements should be given in the units in which they were made, using SI contractions where possible, without full stops.
Citing Legal Cases
For English cases, case names should be the Law Reports -AC, Ch, QB if possible. For recent cases the WLR or All ER reference should be used if there is one. Put the v in roman type without the full point - e.g., Brown v White. A general case reference would be as follows: AvB [1988] AC 123.
A reference to a specific page should be made as follows, with the first page of the report always referred to first: Re Smith [1989] AC 123, 134
Note the following abbreviations: R (not Rex/Regina), Alt Gen, ex p (prefaced by a comma). Square brackets should be used around the year of the report where this is essential to find the reference. Where this is not the case because the report has a volume number, the brackets should be round. For Scottish law reports the year is not placed in brackets. Thus: [1988] 2 WLR 456; (1986) 130 SJ 78 and 1984 SC 111. An example would be R v Poplar Coroner, ex p Thomas [1992] 2 WLR 547, 549.
3. References
Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the authors.
3.1 Citations in the text: Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either "Unpublished results" or "Personal communication" Citation of a reference as "in press" implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
3.2 Citing and listing of Web references. As a minimum, the full URL should be given. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list. Text: Indicate references by number(s) in square brackets in line with the text. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given.
Example: "..... as demonstrated [3,6]. Barnaby and Jones [8] obtained a different result ...."
List: Number the references (numbers in square brackets) in the list in the order in which they appear in the text.
Examples:
Reference to a journal publication:
[1] J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, The art of writing a scientific article, J. Sci. Commun. 163 (2000) 51-59.
Reference to a book:
[2] W. Strunk Jr., E.B. White, The Elements of Style, third ed., Macmillan, New York, 1979.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
[3] G.R. Mettam, L.B. Adams, How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: B.S. Jones, R.Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age, E-Publishing Inc., New York, 1999, pp. 281-304.
4. Preparation of illustrations
4.2 Preparation of electronic illustrations
4.2.1 General points
1. Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
2. Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font.
3. Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol.
4. Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
5. Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
6. Provide all illustrations as separate files and as hardcopy printouts on separate sheets. 7. Provide captions to illustrations separately.
8. Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website: http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
4.2.2 Formats
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalised, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats (Note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below.):
EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as "graphics". TIFF: Colour or greyscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or greyscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
DOC, XLS or PPT:If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply "as is".
Please do not:
1. Supply embedded graphics in your wordprocessor (spreadsheet, presentation) document;
2. Supply files that are optimised for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;
3. Supply files that are too low in resolution;
4. Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
4.2.3 Captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
4.2.4. Line drawings
The lettering and symbols, as well as other details, should have proportionate dimensions, so as not to become illegible or unclear after possible reduction; in general, the figures should be designed for a reduction factor of two to three. The degree of reduction will be determined by the Publisher. Illustrations will not be enlarged. Consider the page format of the journal when designing the illustrations.
Do not use any type of shading on computer-generated illustrations.
4.2.5 Photographs (halftones)
Remove non-essential areas of a photograph. Do not mount photographs unless they form part of a composite figure. Where necessary, insert a scale bar in the illustration (not below it), as opposed to giving a magnification factor in the caption.
4.2.6 Colour illustrations
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable colour figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in colour on the Web (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For colour reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for colour in print or on the Web only. For further information on the preparation of electronic artwork, please see http:www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting colour figures to "grey scale" (for the printed version should you not opt for colour in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the colour illustrations.
5. Copyright
If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the Author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by Authors in these cases: contact Elsevier's Rights Department, Oxford, UK: phone (+1) 215 239 3804 or +44(0)1865 843830, fax +44(0)1865 853333, e-mail healthpermissions@elsevier.com. Requests may also be completed online via the Elsevier homepage http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions.
Material in unpublished letters and manuscripts is also protected and must not be published unless permission has been obtained.
6. Funding body agreements and policies
Elsevier has established agreements and developed policies to allow authors who publish in Elsevier journals to comply with potential manuscript archiving requirements as specified as conditions of their grant awards. To learn more about existing agreements and policies please visit Http://www.elsevier.com/fundingbodies.
7. Proofs
One set of page proofs in PDF format will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author (if we do not have an e-mail address then paper proofs will be sent by post). Elsevier now sends PDF proofs which can be annotated; for this you will need to download Adobe Reader version 7 available free from http:///www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html. Instructions on how to annotate PDF files will accompany the proofs. The exact system requirements are given at the Adobe site: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrsystemreqs.html#70win.
If you do not wish to use the PDF annotations function, you may list the corrections (including replies to the Query Form) and return to Elsevier in an e-mail. Please list your corrections quoting line number. If, for any reason, this is not possible, then mark the corrections and any other comments (including replies to the Query Form) on a printout of your proof and return by fax, or scan the pages and e-mail, or by post.
Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Therefore, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility. Note that Elsevier may proceed with the publication of your article if no response is received.
8. Electronic offprints (e-offprints)
The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail or, alternatively, 25 free paper offprints. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use. Additional paper offprints can be ordered by the authors. An order form with prices will be sent to the corresponding author.
Editorial Board
Editorial Board
Editor-in-Chief:
Niamh Nic Daeid
Glasgow, U
Editorial Board:
C. Aitken, Edinburgh, UK
S. Black, Dundee, UK
C. Champod, Lausanne, Switzerland
J. Curran, Auckland, New Zealand
P.R. De Forest, New York, U.S.A.
J.D. DeHaan, Vallejo, U.S.A.
S. Doyle, Sevenoaks, UK
I.W. Evett, Hants, UK
A.R.W. Forrest, Sheffield, UK
K. Fryer, Durham, UK
M.M. Houck, West Virginia, U.S.A.
J. Manlove, East Hanney, UK
W. Meier-Augenstein, Dundee, UK
R. Palmer, Huntingdon, UK
S. Pope, London, UK
J. Robertson, Canberra, Australia
C. Roux, Broadway, Australia
G. Sensabaugh, Berkeley, U.S.A.
S. Willis, Dublin, Ireland
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