期刊名称：PALEOBIOLOGY
 期刊简介(About the journal)
投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)
编辑部信息(Editorial Board)
About the journal
A quarterly journal of The Paleontological Society
Paleobiology publishes original contributions of any length (but normally 10-50 manuscript pages) dealing with any aspect of biological paleontology. Emphasis is placed on biological or paleobiological processes and patterns, including macroevolution, extinction, diversification, speciation, functional morphology, bio-geography, phylogeny, paleoecology, molecular paleontology, taphonomy, natural selection and patterns of variation, abundance, and distribution in space and time, among others. Taxonomic papers are welcome if they have significant and broad applications. Papers concerning research on recent organisms and systems are appropriate if they are of particular interest to paleontologists. Papers should typically interest readers from more than one specialty. Proposals for symposium volumes should be discussed in advance with the editors. All manuscripts are to be in English. Submission of a manuscript to Paleobiology implies that it is not simultaneously being considered for publication by another journal. Please review Paleobiology's copyright information.
Paleobiology Memoirs
Larger manuscripts on the same subjects as those normally covered in Paleobiology articles should be submitted to the Paleobiology Memoirs series.
Paleobiology Matters of the Record
Paleobiology also welcomes submissions for Matters of the Record, which features up-to-date discussions of new discoveries, reviews of recent conceptual advances, and brief syntheses of important topics. In most cases, submissions will be limited to 4-6 manuscript pages with sufficient references. All submissions will be vetted for appropriateness and peer-reviewed prior to acceptance. Inquiries, proposals, and submissions should be directed to the MOR Editor.
Instructions to Authors
Submitting your manuscript
New submission
New manuscripts should be submitted as a single PDF file (text, tables, figures all in one file) with a separate PDF file for the cover letter to paleobiology.journal@nmnh.si.edu. The cover letter should include up to five suggested reviewers and their contact information. The subject of the email should be the lead author's name. An example is, "Simpson." If the corresponding author differs from the lead author, follow the first name with the corresponding author's name in parentheses. An example is, "Simpson (Magruder)." In all correspondence beyond the initial submission, please put your assigned ms number on the subject line of your email.
The cover letter file should be entitled "Senior author (corresponding author) Cover.pdf"; e.g., "Simpson (Magruder)Cover.pdf".
The manuscript file should be entitled "Senior author (corresponding author) Ms.pdf"; e.g., "Simpson (Magruder)Ms.pdf".
PDF is the only accepted format for new submissions to Paleobiology.
Exceptions: If you cannot submit your manuscript as a single PDF, please contact the Editorial Office prior to submission of your manuscript for permission to use another format (hard copy, electronic format other than PDF, multiple PDF files).
Revised manuscript submission
If your manuscript was accepted with minor revisions, please see instructions for submitting final manuscripts. If your manuscript required major revisions, and is most likely going back out to reviewers, please see instructions for submitting new manuscripts. In all correspondence beyond the initial submission, please put your assigned ms number on the subject line of your email. Your revised manuscript files should be named as shown below:
The cover letter file should be entitled "Ms number revised Cover.pdf"; e.g., "03025 revised Cover.pdf"
The manuscript file should be entitled "Ms number revised.pdf"; e.g., "03025 revised.pdf"
Second revisions should be entitled "Ms number 2nd revision.pdf"; e.g., "03025 2nd revision.pdf"
Final submission
Final revisions of accepted manuscripts should be submitted electronically to paleobiology.journal@nmnh.si.edu (please put your assigned ms number on the subject line of your email). The text should be in Word, WordPerfect, or RTF format; tables can be in these or Excel. Electronic figures must be either TIF or EPS format. Please follow our guidelines for formatting your manuscript and figures (see below) and use our Checklist for Authors to confirm your manuscript has been formatted correctly. Your final manuscript files should be named as shown below:
The cover letter file should be entitled "Ms number final Cover.rtf"; e.g., "03025 final Cover.pdf"
The manuscript file should be entitled "Ms number final.doc"; e.g., "03025 final.wpd"
Figures should be entitled "Ms number Figure number.tif"; e.g., "03025 figure 1.eps"
Your electronic submission should also include your FedEx address and phone number. In addition, please send high-quality hard copies of your figures to the Editorial Assistant to insure your figures appear as you intend (distortion can occur with transfer of electronic figures).
Formatting your manuscript
General Notes
- Double-space the entire manuscript in 12-point type, including text, abstract. Literature Cited, tables, figure captions, and appendices.
- Number all pages of the text beginning with the title page. The name of the senior author should precede the page number in the right hand corner of each page.
- Underline everything in the text that you want to appear in italics, except mathematical equations. Italic fonts are often not easily distinguished. Pay particular attention to: binomials probability (p) and other mathematical variables, statistical test names (t-test; F-test), etc. However, use an italic font to indicate italicization in text of tables, figures, and appendices.
- Do not hyphenate words at the right margin.
- Leave the right margin ragged (no right or full justification).
- Leave at least a one-inch margin on all sides of the pages. Use 8.5 by 11 inch (21.5 by 28 cm) paper. Variations in page size are acceptable for submissions from overseas.
- Collate the manuscript in the following order: title page, abstract, text, Literature Cited, appendix, figure legends, tables, and appendix tables.
Title Page
- The first page of the manuscript should include the title (capitalize only the first word and proper names), the names of all authors, and the right and left running heads.
- Authors' names are below the title in capital and lowercase letters.
- The running head is below the authors' names. Running heads are not to exceed a total of 40 characters and spaces, and all letters are capitalized. The right running head (RRH) is the running title and the left running head (LRH) is the name or names of the authors. Use "et al." for more than two authors.
RRH: ONSHORE-OFFSHORE FAUNAL CHANGE
LRH: JOHANN S. BACH
LRH: DANA A. JOHNSON AND MICHELLE R. JOHNSON
LRH: RONAELE M. NOVOTNY ET AL. Abstract Page
- An abstract no longer than 3%-5% of the length of the manuscript must be provided.
- The abstract should be on its own separate page.
- "Abstract" is underlined and followed by a period and a dash. All lines are flush left.
- The abstract is followed by the names and addresses of the authors, with the first line left-justified and subsequent lines, if any, indented. Underline the names and addresses to indicate use of italics. Multiple authors from a single address should be listed as a single address. Do not use abbreviations. Include e-mail addresses if desired. If an author is now at a different address, please include the present address. Edited manuscripts and proofs will be sent to the present address unless the office is otherwise notified.
James P. McCalpin. Department of Geology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322
M. Lazee* and U. B. Forty. Department of Geology, University of California, Davis, California 95616. E-mail: iml@ucd.edu
*Present address: Department of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
Text Headings
- Primary headings are centered and bold-face. The first word and all other important words in the heading are capitalized. Articles, conjunctions, and prepositions are lowercase.
Results of the Experiment
- Use secondary headings only if three levels of headings are required. If only two levels of headings are required, primary and tertiary headings are used. Secondary headings are capitalized the same as primary headings and are flush with the left margin. The text begins on the next line.
Hierarchical Effects
Text begins here.
- Tertiary headings are capitalized the same as primary headings, indented, underlined, and followed by a period and a dash. The text follows the dash.
Hierarchial Effects.-The possible significance of . . . In-Text Literature Citations
- A one-to-one correspondence must exist between works cited in the text and listed in the Literature Cited section. Books or manuscripts in press must be included; unpublished data and manuscripts in review or otherwise unpublished are not. Avoid citing unpublished theses or dissertations.
- The authors are responsible for the accuracy of all citations.
- Literature is cited in the text, in chronological order, by the last name of the author or authors and the date of publication. For works with three or more authors, the last name of the senior author is followed by "et al." Use semicolons to separate multiple citations by different authors; use commas to separate multiple citations by the same author. Specific pages, tables, or figures within a reference should follow a colon after the reference year. A date should be provided for all personal communications.
(Darwin 1859)
(McCalpin et al. 1987: Fig. 2)
(Darwin 1859; McCalpin et al. 1987, 1989: pp. 22-24)
(Novotny and Borders 1988: p. 123)
(Greenwell in press)
(J. Johnson personal communication 1989)
(J. Jones and T. Freeman unpublished data)
- Where nested parentheses are necessary, use brackets inside parentheses and braces inside brackets ([{}]). Note that the order is the reverse for equations {[()]}.
(Jones [1968] indicated . . .) In-Text References to Figures and Tables
- Figure parts are capitalized (Fig. 3A).
- "Table" and "Appendix" have an initial capital and are not abbreviated. If there is only one Appendix, it is not numbered.
(Fig. 2)
(Novotny 1968: Fig. 4)
(Borders and Greenwell 1972: Table 1)
In Figure 15, we see . . .
(Table 2, Fig. 3)
- Figures and tables should be flagged in the margins at their first appearance in the text to indicate their placement.
Mathematical Equations, Statistics, and Numerals
- Use italics where necessary. Underline or otherwise indicate any italicized parts that may not be obvious.
- For probability, use lowercase italic p. For example, p < 0.001.
- Use metric units. If nonmetric units are required, provide the metric equivalents also.
- Use Arabic numerals for numbers over ten and for non-integers. Spell out numbers less than 11, unless used with units of measurement. Spell out any number that begins a sentence.
- "Equation" is spelled out and lowercase except when a capital would ordinarily be required. It is abbreviated when used in a parenthetical reference to an equation. Equation numbers are in parentheses, unless they appear in a parenthetical phrase.
Equation (6) shows the results . . .
(Raup 1978: p. 23, eq. 2)
We refer to equation (2) in the next section . . .
- Mathematical expressions and equations set out from the text should be written so that they can be set on one line, if possible.
- Numbered equations should be centered on the line. Equation numbers should be on the right margin of text, with the numbers enclosed in parentheses.
- Identify ambiguous characters; e.g., lower-case "el," numeral one, lowercase "oh," lowercase Greek chi, lowercase "ex," and multiplication symbols.
- Use fractional exponents instead of root signs and the solidus (/) for fractions where possible.
- “ca.?is the preferred abbreviation for approximate dates. For other approximations, no abbreviations should be used (e.g., approximately 400?or about 30?. In instances where approximations are made frequently, the wavy equal sign symbol should be used.
Geologic Time
- Use the abbreviations Ga, Ma, and Ka to indicate dates (billions, millions, and thousands of years before the present, respectively). Use Gyr, Myr, and Kyr to indicate duration of time.
- The names of formal time units or time-stratigraphic units should be capitalized. Use the Decade of North American Geology Geologic Time Scale (1983) as a guide.
- Use a slash (/) to denote boundaries, and a hyphen (-) to denote time ranges.
(K/T boundary)
(Eocene-Oligocene mammals) Acknowledgments
- Spell out all agency and university names.
- Do not use honorifics such as Dr., Prof., Mrs., etc. Use initials for given names of individuals.
Literature Cited
EndNote has created an output style for Paleobiology to assist in formatting your references, which is available for download from the EndNote website.
- All works cited in the text, tables, figure captions, and appendices must be included in the Literature Cited section.
- Entries in the Literature Cited section (including Mac and Mc) are listed in strict alphabetical order, except in cases of three or more authors. For citations with the same senior author: group all the single-author citations in chronological order; group all the two-author citations alphabetically first and then chronologically; and group all the citations with three or more authors in chronological order only. For works published in the same year by the same author(s), the works are listed in alphabetical order (or in date order if this is obvious, e.g., consecutive articles in a journal or articles numbered I and II). To differentiate articles published in the same year by the same author(s), a lowercase letter follows the date.
Smith, J. L. 1989a.
____. 1989b.
____. 1990.
Smith, J. L., and J. P. Jones. 1979.
Smith, J. L., and T. Smith. 1978.
Smith, J. L., T. Freeman, and J. P. Jones. 1977.
Smith, J. L., J. P. Jones, M. R. Johnson, and T. Freeman. 1978.
____. 1979.
Smith, J. L., J. P. Jones, and T. Freeman, eds. 1980.
- The names of authors are in capital and lowercase letters. Authors' initials are separated by a space. Except for the first author, author initials come before surname. For articles in an edited volume, editors' initials precede surnames. Underline "In" or "in" for citations in a book. (See examples below.)
- Use a dash to denote repeated author names. Use only one dash for exact duplicate of authors in the preceding citation, no matter how many authors.
- Do not abbreviate the names of publications (journals, series).
- Publishers' names.
a) Abbreviate the names of publishers. Blackwell Scientific is an abbreviated form; Blackwell is the abbreviated form for Basil Blackwell. Use Springer, not Spring-Verlag.
b) If necessary, retain initials to distinguish among publishers:
W. H. Freeman
J. Murray (Darwin's publisher)
c) Usually delete "Press" except for University presses. But Academic Press, not Academic.
- Do not underline (italicize) volume numbers for periodicals and series.
- State names are omitted if the city is large and well known or if the state name is part of the publisher's name. Traditional abbreviations of state names are used, not postal codes.
(Boston)
(Springfield, Mass.)
(University of Wisconsin Press, Madison)
(Marshfield, Wisc.)
- Include country names, if needed, for location of publisher, e.g., Wiley, Chichester, U.K.
- If three or more chapters of a book are cited, cite the book separately, and use an abbreviated citation of the book in the reference for the chapter.
Davidson, H. 1994. Motor psychology. Harley, Cucamonga, Calif.
Rider, E. Z. 1994. Life in fifth gear. Pp. 136-156 in Davidson 1994.
Journal article:
Storm, E. C. 1974. Omnology at the crossroads. Journal of Omnology 22:1-44.
Article in a serial publication with a volume citation (treat as if a journal):
Smithson, A. B. 1995. Gymnosperm envy. In C. D. Jones, ed. Advances in angiosperm psychology. Short Courses in Paleontology 6:23-45. Paleontological Society, Knoxville, Tenn.
Article in a serial publication without a volume citation (treat as if a book): Smithson, A. B. 1995. Gymnosperm envy. Pp. 23-45 in C. D. Jones, ed. Advances in angiosperm psychology. Proceedings of the 24th international symposium on fossil plants. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colo.
Book: Calm, I. M. 1974. Omnology has passed its peak. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Article in a book: Storm, E. C. 1974. Whither goest omnology? Pp. 33-44 in I. M. Calm and U. R. Nott, eds. (Note order of editors' initials and names.)
Special example on how to cite the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology: Arkell, W. J., B. Kummel, and C. W. Wright. 1957. Mesozoic Ammonoidea. Pp. L80-L465 in W. J. Arkell et al. Mollusca 4, Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea. Part L of R. C. Moore, ed. Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Geological Society of America, New York, and University of Kansas, Lawrence. [Note that later parts are published in Boulder, Colo.]. Tables
- Each table begins on a new page.
- Table captions are placed directly above the table and on the same page.
- Do not use parentheses around reference dates in the body of a table.
Figures
For detailed information on preparing illustrations, refer to the instructions under "Printing and Typesetting" at the Allen Press web-site at http://www.allenpress.com/illguide.html.
- Paleobiology accepts electronic figures only in TIF or EPS formats.
- You are responsible for providing instructions regarding final size of figures. If the figures you provide are already sized, you must specify that the figure size is not to be changed. If you provide no instructions and then request changes in figure size, you will be charged for any changes.
- Original hard copies of figures should be provided in addition to electronic copies. If your figure must be reproduced from the hard copy (due to problems with the electronic file) please keep in mind that extremes in reduction should be avoided. For best result, figures should be reproduced at 75-80% of their original size. Figures cannot be enlarged.
- Do not use boldface lettering. The final size (after reduction or enlargement) of lettering on figures should be no less than 1.5 mm.
- Figures generated by a computer should be printed on high-quality, opaque laser paper. Photographs or figures with delicate lettering should be protected by a tissue-paper overlay.
- Color figures (and photographs) may be published in Paleobiology at the additional cost to the author of $750 per figure.
- On the back of each figure, clearly print the author's name and the figure number. (Hard copy only)
- Use capital letters to label figure parts. All parts of a single figure should be on one page as you want them to appear.
- Indicate the top of the figure.
- Group all figure captions together on a separate page (or pages) in numerical order.
Footnotes
Footnotes should be avoided except in tables.
Supplementary Material
Additional material too long for publication in Paleobiology can be submitted as supplementary material to be available online at the Paleobiology web site. This material may include data, tables, figures, appendices, or program code and will be reviewed along with the rest of the manuscript.
Page Charges
Authors are requested to pay page charges at the rate of $100.00 per page. Authors with access to grant, institutional, or private funds, are expected to pay these charges, which partially cover the expense of publishing their papers. However, papers are accepted for publication without such payments, and no author should be dissuaded from submitting a manuscript for lack of funds.
Editorial Board
Editorial Office:
phone: 202-786-0293
fax: 202-786-0292
paleobiology.journal@nmnh.si.edu
Note: Paleobiology is switching to a completely electronic submission process.
Courier Address*:
Dept. of Paleobiology, MRC 121
National Museum of Natural History
10th & Constitution Aves., NW
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D.C. 20560-0121 |
Mailing Address:
Dept. of Paleobiology, MRC 121
National Museum of Natural History
P.O. Box 37012
Smithsonian Institution
Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 |
* mail sent to the courier address will be delayed by radiation treatments, which can add up to 1 month to delivery times. Please use the courier address for hand delivered mail only (FedEx, DHL, UPS, etc.).
Editors:
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