期刊名称：NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY
 期刊简介(About the journal)
投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)
编辑部信息(Editorial Board)
About the journal
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
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Aims and Scope: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery guarantees that all reviews are carefully commissioned, written by leaders in the field and subject to rigorous peer review - so that readers receive independent, high-quality and authoritative articles in each issue.
This journal integrates academia and industry, providing broad, in-depth coverage of the drug discovery and development arena - from chemistry to disease mechanisms and novel therapeutic approaches. |
 | Information is presented at several levels and can be tailored to your users' individual needs. Non-specialists will benefit from the glossary and highlighted references, and experts will appreciate the insight provided by top names in their field. A major teaching and reference resource from NPG.
Instructions to Authors
A guide to Nature Reviews journals
INTRODUCTION ONLINE FEATURES
Nature Reviews mission statement Navigation
How to view an article
ORGANIZATION OF CONTENT Links
Highlights Animation and videos
Reviews Author biographies
Perspectives
IN-HOUSE EDITORIAL PROCEDURES REPRINTS AND PERMISSIONS
Commissioning articles COMPETING FINANCIAL INTERESTS
Graphics POLICY ON BIOSECURITY ISSUES
Peer review INDEXING INFORMATION
Correspondence
INTRODUCTION
After initially launching titles in Genetics, Neuroscience and Molecular Cell Biology, the series has been extended to cover Cancer and Immunology, both introduced in October 2001, and Drug Discovery, which was launched in January 2002. Whatever your discipline, Nature Reviews provides access to the highest quality overview of your field.
Nature Reviews mission statement
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ORGANIZATION OF CONTENT
Highlights
Reviews
Perspectives
IN-HOUSE EDITORIAL PROCEDURES
Commissioning articles
Graphics
Peer review
Reviews and Perspectives are subject to rigorous peer review. The purpose of peer review is to ensure that our articles are balanced and accurate. Authors are encouraged to express their opinions, but a clear distinction is made between generally accepted views and more personal perspectives.
Correspondence
Items of correspondence will be considered for publication online at the editors' discretion. These should be no more than 500 words long, and contain up to 15 references and no more than 2 display items. Editors reserve the right to edit items of correspondence.
Correspondence should be submitted by e-mail to: naturereviews@nature.com
ONLINE FEATURES
Navigation
How to view an article
Links
Most of our articles feature linking from the text. Proteins, protein domains, genes and diseases are linked to specific pages in relevant and high-quality public databases. Links are also provided to related sources of information and relevant web sites. The links are listed in the 'Links box' at the end of Reviews and Perspectives articles. We do not provide a full listing of all the URLs of the linked resources in print ¡ª the most efficient way to take advantage of these links is go to the relevant article in our online journals, and explore the online resources from there. Links are provided to articles by the in-house editorial teams under the guidance of authors.
Animation and videos
Improvements in microscopy, labelling methods and image analysis have allowed many living systems to be studied with video-based techniques. We provide links to relevant video material wherever possible. We also animate some of our graphics, to make clearer the process that is being illustrated.
Author biographies
A link at the end of the author list in the 'enhanced text' versions of articles takes you to a short biography about the author.
The genetic basis of mammalian neurulation
REPRINTS AND PERMISSIONS
Reprints
If you are interested in obtaining reprints of a Nature Reviews article, please contact Trace Wildash for further details and a quotation of costs:
t.wildash@nature.com
Tel: +44 (0) 1256 302887
FAX: +44 (0) 1256 810526
Permissions
All material published in Nature Reviews titles is protected by copyright law. For permission to use figures or images from any Nature Reviews title, please contact the Nature Reviews office for further details:
naturereviews@nature.com
Tel: +44 (0) 20 7843 3601
FAX: +44 (0) 20 7843 3629
COMPETING FINANCIAL INTERESTS
In the interests of transparency and to help readers to form their own judgements of possible bias, the Nature journals now require authors of primary and secondary research articles to declare any competing financial interests relating to papers accepted for publication. A detailed explanation of why this policy has been adopted can be found at the end of the statement.
The policy applies to all articles published in the Review and Perspective sections of the Nature Reviews journals.
Authors are required, before final acceptance of their contribution, to return a declaration of competing financial interests. A shortened version of this declaration is published as part of the paper, with a more detailed version, if appropriate, published online accompanying the paper. Authors may use the form to decline to disclose their financial interests, but we will publish the fact that they have declined to provide information.
The declaration form will be sent to the corresponding author only at the time of acceptance and the corresponding author is asked to reply on behalf of all the authors. The form can also be downloaded via http://www.nature.com/reviews/guide/Competingform.pdf
Definition
For the purposes of this statement, competing interests are defined as those of a financial nature that, through their potential influence on behaviour or content or from perception of such potential influences, could undermine the objectivity, integrity or perceived value of a publication.
They may include any of the following:
Funding: research support (including salaries, equipment, supplies, reimbursement for attending symposia, and other expenses) by organizations that may gain or lose financially through publication of the paper.
Employment: recent (while engaged in the research project), present or anticipated employment by any organization that may gain or lose financially through publication of the paper.
Personal financial interests: stocks or shares in companies that may gain or lose financially through publication; consultation fees or other forms of remuneration from organizations that may gain or lose financially; patents or patent applications whose value may be affected by publication.
It is difficult to specify a threshold at which a financial interest becomes significant, but note that many US universities require faculty members to disclose interests exceeding $10,000 or 5% equity in a company (see, for example, B. Lo et al. New Engl. J. Med. 343, 1616-1620; 2000). Any such figure is necessarily arbitrary, so we offer as one possible practical alternative guideline: "Any undeclared competing financial interests that could embarrass you were they to become publicly known after your work was published."
We do not consider diversified mutual funds or investment trusts to constitute a competing financial interest.
Application to authors
Unless/until the paper is published, authors' declarations will be considered confidential, and will not be disclosed to referees.
The published paper indicates the authors' response using one of the following standard wordings:
The authors declare competing financial interests: see Web version for details.
The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.
The authors decline to provide information about competing financial interests.
For papers with more than one author, the corresponding author (the person responsible for communication with the journal) should provide a declaration on behalf of all authors.
We recognize that a comprehensive declaration could become unwieldy if a paper has too many authors or an author has numerous financial interests. If this is the case and itemized disclosure is unfeasible, editors may invite authors to use the following standard wording as an alternative: "The authors declare that their competing financial interests in this work are too numerous to itemize."
We also recognise that some authors may be bound by confidentiality agreements. In such cases the authors may be invited to use the following standard wording as an alternative to itemized disclosure: " The authors declare that they are bound by confidentiality agreements that prevent them from disclosing their financial interests in this work".
We do not require authors to state the monetary value of their financial interests.
Application to referees
The Nature Reviews journals invite referees to exclude themselves in cases where there is a significant conflict of interest, financial or otherwise. However, just as financial interests need not invalidate the conclusions of a paper, nor do they automatically disqualify a referee from evaluating it. Referees are asked to inform the editors of any related interests, including financial interests as defined above, that might be perceived as relevant. Editors will consider these statements when weighing referees' recommendations.
Application to editors
All editorial staff are required to declare to their employer any interests - financial or otherwise - that might influence, or be perceived to influence, their editorial practices. Failure to do so is a disciplinary offence.
Application to publishing policy
All of the Nature Publishing Group (NPG) journals thrive on their independence. Their strict policy is that editorial independence, decisions and content should not be compromised by commercial or financial interests, or by any specific arrangements with advertising clients or sponsors. Our policy is to disclose such arrangements where there is any risk of a perception of compromise on this issue. A list of all sponsors associated with Nature Publishing Group can be seen at http://npg.nature.com/npg/servlet/Content?data=xml/10_clients.xml&style=xml/10_clients.xsl
Reasons for policy
The introduction of this policy is based on a recognition of potential problems for three principal reasons.
First, there is suggestive evidence in the literature that publication practices in biomedical research have been influenced by the commercial interests of authors. Several related discussions that contain the relevant references can be found in the Journal of the American Medical Association, 1 November 2000 (for example, A D DeAngelis Conflict of interest and the public trust. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 284, 2237-2238; 2000; see also Nature Neuroscience 3, 299; 2000). This evidence is consistent with the truism that, although, in principle, science may be objective and its findings independent of other interests, scientists can be imperfect and subjective. There are circumstances where selection of evidence, interpretation of results or emphasis of presentation might be inadvertently or even deliberately biased by a researcher's other interests.
Second, there is a more general concern among researchers and others about the possible undermining of the integrity of scientific research by increasing commercial links and consequent influences. We believe that the best way to maintain readers' trust in the integrity of the research we publish is through a policy of transparency. If financial interests are disclosed, readers will be able to make an informed judgment about their significance or lack of significance. We believe this will be to the benefit of readers and authors alike.
Third, many institutions have introduced policies on competing interests that require authors to include descriptions of financial and other interests in publications. We are happy to support them.
We do not expect to police this policy ourselves: we believe that primary responsibility for ensuring that researchers' conduct is appropriate lies with their employers, rather than with journal editors. However, where we believe trust has been significantly compromised by an author's actions, we will seek to redress the matter by an appropriate combination of sanctions and communications to readers and employers.
We welcome comments and suggestions about this policy, which should be sent to nature@nature.com, marked "Competing interests policy".
Dr Philip Campbell
Editor, Nature
Editor-in-Chief, Nature publications
Editorial Board
Editor
Adam Smith, DPhil
Adam Smith studied chemistry at Oxford, before moving to the Pharmacology Department to pursue doctoral research combining medicinal chemistry and pharmacology in the synthesis and characterization of novel neuroactive amino acids. He took postdoctoral fellowships in Oxford to learn anatomy and physiology, and in Heidelberg to learn molecular biology. Adam then returned to Oxford to run his own Wellcome Trust-funded lab for four years, investigating pharmacological aspects of cell signalling and, in collaboration with many other research groups around the world, the application of sustained-release drug delivery systems to multiple disease states. Having taken up the Editorship of Trends in Pharmacological Sciences in 2000, Adam moved to the Nature Publishing Group in May 2001 to launch Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.
Senior Editors
Melanie I. Brazil, PhD
Melanie Brazil studied Food Science at Leeds University before completing a Masters degree in Applied Molecular Biology and Biotechnology at University College London. She went on to carry out doctoral research at the National Institute for Medical Research, London, in the field of immunology, examining the cell biology of exogenous and endogenous antigen processing pathways in macrophages and B cells. Her post-doctoral studies at Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, in the area of Alzheimer's disease research, involved investigating the role of microglia in the clearance of amyloid. In 2000, Melanie joined the editorial team for the successful launch of Nature Immunology. In 2001, Melanie joined the launch team of Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.
Peter Kirkpatrick, PhD
Peter Kirkpatrick studied for his BA at the University of Cambridge, UK, taking a first in chemistry. He stayed in Cambridge for his PhD, investigating the biosynthesis and mode of action of vancomycin-group antibiotics in the group of Dudley Williams. After a short postdoc, he joined the launch team of Nature Reviews in June 2000. He joined the launch team of Nature Reviews Drug Discovery as Associate Editor in 2001.
Associate Editor
Joanna Owens
Joanna Owens studied microbiology at the University of Leeds before completing a Masters degree in Toxicology at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School, University of London. She then moved to the University of Surrey for her doctoral research in collaboration with AstraZeneca's Central Toxicology Laboratory, studying mechanisms of non-genotoxic carcinogenesis caused by peroxisome proliferating drugs, and regulation of PPAR¦Á. In 2000 she joined Elsevier as Assistant Editor on Drug Discovery Today, where she progressed to News and Features Editor, before becoming the Editor of the newly launched Targets in October 2002 and Associate Editor of Drug Discovery Today. Joanna joined Nature Reviews Drug Discovery in April 2004.
Associate Editor (News)
Simon Frantz
Simon Frantz studied biochemistry at the University of Liverpool before moving to the University of Leicester to carry out doctoral research with Professor Nilesh Samani and Dr David Lodwick on the genetics of cardiovascular diseases, which included collaborations with Lyon University, Heidelberg University, University of Birmingham, UK, and Guy¡¯s Hospital, London. He became a health journalist for WebMD, and then spent time as a freelance writer, having news articles published in New Scientist, British Medical Journal, BioMedCentral and Nature Medicine. He joined Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology last year and has now moved to Nature Reviews Drug Discovery as an Associate Editor for the journal and as News Editor for the drugdiscovery@nature.com website.
Business Editor
Clare Ellis
Clare Ellis achieved a first class degree in biochemistry at the University of Manchester. During her degree, she undertook a one-year placement with Professor John Hardy at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, where she was involved in researching the genetic basis of Alzheimer's disease. After graduating, Clare moved to London to work as a biotechnology analyst for the investment bank SG Cowen, where she was involved in communicating the scientific basis of biotechnology companies to investors. Clare joined the launch team of Nature Reviews Drug Discovery as a Copy Editor in 2001, and is now an Associate Editor (News) for the journal.
Contact information
Email: NatureReviews@nature.com
Address: Nature Reviews Journals, Porters South, 4 Crinan Street, London N1 9XW, UK
Fax: 44 (0)20 7843 3629
Tel: 44 (0)20 7843 3620
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