期刊名称：Monthly NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
 期刊简介(About the journal)
投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)
编辑部信息(Editorial Board)
About the journal
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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
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A Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society |
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Monthly Notices publishes the results of original research in positional and dynamical astronomy, astrophysics, radio astronomy, cosmology, space research and the design of astronomical instruments. It is one of the world's leading primary research journals in astronomy and astrophysics.
Abstracting and Indexing Information
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Instructions to Authors
General notes
Monthly Notices publishes original papers on all branches of astronomy and astrophysics. Authors who submit a paper are expected to be able to certify that the paper is original work, has not been published before and is not being considered for publication elsewhere. All published papers will have been thoroughly peer-reviewed. There are no page charges, but it is important for papers to be concise: referees may suggest shortening of any that are not, which may lead to delay. Papers should be written in grammatical English: authors who have doubts about this should ask a knowledgeable colleague to read a draft critically.
Announcement: Letters section
Papers meriting urgent publication may be published as Letters. They must not exceed five pages in length, and are handled entirely electronically along a fast-track process by the Editorial Board, being published rapidly after acceptance in a separately paginated section of the journal. Letters appear only in the electronic version of the journal. They are published online (http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/) within 30 days of receipt of the final manuscript files in the production office, and linked immediately into the NASA ADS. This enables the fastest possible publication, widest dissemination to the research community and greatest impact. There are no charges for authors (no 'page charges'), and electronic publication means that colour is fully supported, without charge and at the discretion of the author.
Submission of Letters is made online through the ScholarOne Manuscripts system. See Section 4 on submission of new manuscripts.
- Early View
Monthly Notices is covered by Wiley-Blackwell’s Early View service. Early View articles (both main journal and Letters) are complete full-text articles published online in advance of their publication in a printed issue. Articles are therefore available as soon as they are ready, rather than having to wait for the next scheduled print issue. Early View articles are complete and final. They have been fully reviewed, revised and edited for publication, and the authors’ final corrections have been incorporated. Because they are in final form, no changes can be made after online publication. The nature of Early View articles means that they do not yet have volume, issue or page numbers, so Early View articles cannot be cited in the traditional way. They are therefore given a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), which allows the article to be cited and tracked before it is allocated to an issue. After print publication, the DOI remains valid and can continue to be used to cite and access the article. More information about DOIs can be found at: http://www.doi.org.
- NEW! Colour figures: Flat fee of £155 (Main Journal papers only)
- Authors will now be charged a single flat fee of £155 (plus VAT if applicable) for any paper that uses colour figures, regardless of the number of figures involved. Figures that are black-and-white in print but colour on the web are free of charge. The fee will be waived only in exceptional circumstances.
- Exclusive Licence Form
Authors will be required to sign an Exclusive Licence Form (ELF) for all papers accepted for publication. Signature of the ELF is a condition of publication and papers will not be published unless a signed form has been received. The form is available for download from the journal website as a PDF file. Please note that signature of the Exclusive Licence Form does not affect ownership of copyright in the material. (Government employees need to complete the Author Warranty sections, although copyright in such cases does not need to be assigned.) After submission authors will retain the right to publish their paper in various media/circumstances (please see the form and http://authorservices.wiley.com/bauthor/faqs_copyright.asp for further details). Please note that, subject to any third party consent required, permission need not be sought to reproduce figures in dissertations or reports which form part of the requirements for university qualifications, provided that suitable acknowledgement to the source of the material is made.
- OnlineOpen
- OnlineOpen is available to authors of primary research articles who wish to make their article available to non-subscribers on publication, or whose funding agency requires grantees to archive the final version of their article. With OnlineOpen the author, the author's funding agency or the author's institution pays a fee of £900 to ensure that the article is made available to non-subscribers upon publication via Wiley InterScience, as well as deposited in the funding agency's preferred archive. For the full list of terms and conditions, see http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/authorresources/onlineopen.html#OnlineOpen_Terms
- Any authors wishing to send their paper OnlineOpen will be required to complete the payment form available from our website at: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/pdf/MNR_OOF.pdf
- Prior to acceptance there is no requirement to inform an Editorial Office that you intend to publish your paper OnlineOpen if you do not wish to. All OnlineOpen articles are treated in the same way as any other article. They go through the journal's standard peer-review process and will be accepted or rejected based on their own merit.
- Changes to papers after acceptance
Monthly Notices aims to publish accepted papers on the Web within 30 days of receipt in the production office. Please appreciate that in order to achieve this extremely rapid publication, the production schedule is very tight. If you realize that you need to make changes to your paper after acceptance, these must be cleared by the RAS first, as they may need to be referred back to the Editor and/or referee. Please note that, due to the tight schedule, any post-acceptance changes notified after the paper has gone into production (i.e. the day after the acceptance email is sent from the RAS) cannot be incorporated into the paper before it is typeset. Such changes will therefore need to be made as part of the proof corrections. To avoid excessive proof corrections and the delay that these can cause, authors are strongly encouraged to ensure that each version of their paper that they submit to MNRAS is completely ready for publication.
- Author Services
Online production tracking is now available for your article through Wiley-Blackwell Author Services.
Author Services enables authors to track their article – once it has been accepted – through the production process to publication online and in print. Authors can check the status of their articles online and choose to receive automated e-mails at key stages of production. The author will receive an e-mail with a unique link that enables them to register and have their article automatically added to the system. Please ensure that a complete e-mail address is provided when submitting a manuscript. Visit http://authorservices.wiley.com/bauthor/ for more details on online production tracking and for a wealth of resources including FAQs and tips on article preparation, submission and more.
- Note for first-time authors
The processing of papers has two major, and largely separate, elements - editorial review by the RAS (Section 4), and production by Wiley-Blackwell (Sections 5 and 6). First-time authors are kindly asked to read these instructions carefully.
- Newsworthy articles
The RAS Press Officer will be happy to assist with publicity and press releases in cases where submissions are likely to be of more general interest. Authors are requested to note in their cover letter if they feel this is the case.
- LaTeX documentation for Monthly Notices
The LaTeX style and class files can be accessed here.
- Author material archive policy
Please note that unless specifically requested, Wiley-Blackwell will dispose of all hardcopy or electronic material submitted three weeks after publication. If you require the return of any material submitted, please inform the RAS editorial office or production editor as soon as possible.
- Pre-submission English language editing
Authors for whom English is a second language may choose to have their manuscript professionally edited before submission to improve the English. A list of independent suppliers of editing services can be found at http://authorservices.wiley.com/bauthor/english_language.asp. Japanese authors can also find a list of local English improvement services at http://www.wiley.co.jp/journals/editcontribute.html. All services are paid for and arranged by the author, and use of one of these services does not guarantee acceptance or preference for publication.
MONTHLY NOTICES of the RAS: INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS
1. Preparation of manuscripts: general notes
Authors are requested to follow the general style of recent issues of Monthly Notices when preparing their manuscripts. Guidance on specific points of journal style can be found in Section 6 of these instructions.
Layout of manuscript
All pages should be numbered.
Title page
The title page should include the title of the paper, and the names and full postal addresses of each author, along with the address for correspondence if that is different. E-mail addresses and present addresses (if different from the institute at which the work was done) may be included as title page footnotes.
Abstract and key words
Authors should provide an abstract, normally of not more than 200 words. They should choose up to six key words from the Monthly Notices key words list - this list is common to MNRAS, ApJ and A&A, and only key words that appear on this list are allowed.
Sections
The paper should be divided into numbered sections and, if necessary, subsections.
Tables and figures
A caption should be provided for every table and figure. See Section 3 for guidelines on the preparation and supply of artwork. Authors should notify the RAS when submitting their paper of any special instructions regarding sizing or layout of figures. Tables and figures must all be cited in the text of the paper in the correct numerical order.
Mathematics
The usual numbering convention for equations [i.e. (1), (2), (3)... or (2.1), (2.2), (2.3)...] should be followed. Authors should note that displayed equations in Monthly Notices are ranged left (i.e. no indent). Papers with numerous or very long equations may be set single-column instead of the usual double-column format. Authors should inform the RAS of any special requirements regarding the setting of the maths, such as the ordering of superscripts and subscripts in tensors, or the splitting of long equations. See Section 6 for specific mathematical style points.
References
Authors should check carefully that all references in the text appear in the reference list, and vice versa; also that the dates and spelling of names are consistent between the text and the reference list. It is the responsibility of authors to ensure the accuracy of their references. This is particularly important for the online version of the journal, where links are provided to cited references. If the reference details are wrong then the links will fail. Please see Section 6 for guidance on the style of references in Monthly Notices.
2. Preparation of manuscripts using TeX, LaTeX or Microsoft Word
Papers are typeset, wherever possible, directly from the author's TeX, LaTeX or Microsoft Word file. TeX/LaTeX is the preferred format because of the mathematical nature of the material. Monthly Notices has its own LaTeX class files and TeX macros which simulate the appearance of the journal page (located here), and authors are encouraged to use these, although other class files can also be accepted (see below).
The journal class files and macros are also available from the Comprehensive TeX Archive Network (CTAN) site http://www.ctan.org. The files are in the directories http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/plain/contrib/mnras/ and http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/mnras for TeX and LaTeX respectively.
The LaTeX 2e class file release consists of a readme.txt file, the class file mn2e.cls, a bibliography style file mn2e.bst for authors wishing to use BibTeX, and author documentation. The documentation comprises the author guide to the LaTeX 2e class file, plus a document outlining the features new to the LaTeX 2e class file. The bibliography style file is compatible with Patrick Daly’s natbib.sty, which is our recommended cross-referencing package.
Authors will need to supply the following files for typesetting (see Section 4 for submission instructions).
(i) The TeX/LaTeX source code (text, figure captions and tables, preferably in a single file), along with all other files needed for compiling. This is particularly important if authors have used any LaTeX style or class files, bibliography files (.bbl, .bst) or TeX macros apart from those in the MNRAS release or article.sty/article.cls. If a .bib file has been used to generate the bibliography in LaTeX, this should be included along with the .bbl and .tex files. Please do not customize the MNRAS macros or class file, or redefine macros that are already in the class file, and please do not include additional definitions unless they are actually used in the paper. Author-defined macros should be kept to a minimum.
(ii) Electronic graphics files for the illustrations in Encapsulated PostScript (EPS), PDF or TIFF format.
We can usually also accept papers written in Microsoft Word or other word processing packages, although these are not suitable for papers with a high mathematical content. [Please note that Word 2007 is not yet compatible with journal production systems. Unfortunately, MNRAS cannot accept Microsoft Word 2007 documents until such time as a stable production version is released. Please therefore use Word's 'Save As' option to save your document as an older (.doc) file type.]
It is essential that the version of the paper supplied as a TeX, LaTeX or Microsoft Word file exactly matches the version accepted by the RAS.
3. Artwork
Artwork should be supplied electronically wherever possible. The preferred format is EPS, although TIFF files can also be used. Technical guidelines on the supply of electronic artwork are provided. Please consult these when preparing files for publication. Some hints and tips to help authors supply problem-free artwork for Monthly Notices are given below, along with common issues relating to EPS files.
Copyright of figures
It is the responsibility of the author to seek and obtain the appropriate copyright permission for any figures taken from another's work. This applies not only to photographs, but also to any figure that has been taken from a previously published article or book. Authors should note in particular that the copyright for previously published figures may lie with the publisher of the book or journal in question, not the author of the article or chapter. It is therefore not usually sufficient merely to obtain the original author's permission to reproduce a figure, and prospective Monthly Notices authors may even have to seek copyright permission for their own figures, if they have previously been published in a book or journal other than Monthly Notices. Please refer to the relevant journal or publisher websites for instructions.
Authors are reminded that copyright is a legal issue: when they sign the Exclusive Licence Form they are stating that they have not infringed anyone else's copyright with any aspect of their paper. Monthly Notices will not reproduce a copyrighted figure without written evidence that the appropriate permission has been obtained, and any required acknowledgment made.
General
Where a figure has several parts, labels (a), (b) etc. should be added as appropriate. Figures (graphs) containing quantitative information should have borders on all sides and fiducial marks on every border.
Line artwork
Authors are asked to bear in mind, when preparing their diagrams, the likely reduction that will be needed when the figure is placed in the journal page. It is important to ensure that the line thickness used will withstand a possibly significant reduction in size. This applies to all aspects of the figure, but dotted and dot-dashed lines can cause particular problems.
Line weights must be at least 0.3 pt at final size; do not use hairlines as these can effectively disappear (they print at 1/1200th of an inch in thickness) when printed on a high-resolution imagesetter. Axis labelling, lettering and any plotting symbols should be sized appropriately for the figure and its likely final size. For example, a relatively empty figure containing only a couple of line plots will be reduced to a single journal column (84 mm wide), and should therefore have thick enough lines and large enough labelling to withstand reduction perhaps to one-half or one-third of original size, or even smaller. Labelling that is far too large for a figure can also be problematic, and may look very odd on the typeset page. Unsuitable artwork will be referred back to the author, inevitably leading to delay in publication.
Grey-scales and half-tones
Grey-scale images can be tricky to reproduce well, owing to the slight but unavoidable degradation (loss of contrast) that occurs during the printing process (which involves wet ink on absorbent paper).
Aspects that cause particular problems include: many shades of grey in a figure with only subtle differences between them; very fine tints or very solid tints; large areas of dark grey and black next to each other; black contours or symbols overlaid on a dark grey background.
Steps that authors can take to remedy these problems and so improve the final result include: avoiding very fine (80 per cent) tints; increasing the contrast between shades as much as possible; using fewer different levels of grey; reversing the grey-scale so that large areas of dark grey next to black become light grey next to white; making contours/symbols white where they are overlaid on dark grey shades; making figures as close to the final size as possible, to minimize the reduction needed; or even considering whether grey shading is really needed at all in a figure - e.g. could contours alone be used to represent the data, or could cross-hatching be used to represent particular regions of a graph or histogram?
Electronic graphics files are essential for a good reproduction of grey-scale figures.
Electronic graphics files
The preferred format for electronic graphics file is Encapsulated PostScript (EPS), although TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) files can also be used.
EPS files should be saved with a PC preview/header to allow viewing on screen, cropped tightly, and saved with a minimum amount of white space around the illustration. All fonts and any logos should be embedded as part of the file, and please use a common font like Times, Arial or Helvetica for labelling. Please also make sure that all labelling to be included in the figure [e.g. (a), (b), names of objects in multi-panelled figures, etc.] is embedded in the file - please do not use LaTeX code to include these labels as the figures are processed entirely separately from the LaTeX code.
Authors should take care in particular to make sure that the bounding box of the EPS file encompasses the entire visible area of the image. If the bounding box is not large enough, the figure will appear cropped when imported into the typesetter's software (Adobe Photoshop or Adobe Illustrator). Ideally, the EPS file should be scaled to the final size and have the desired aspect ratio. Do not alter the aspect ratio using LaTeX code as the files are dealt with separately from the LaTeX file. Also please note that the typesetters cannot use graphics that have been produced using the LaTeX picture environment.
TIFF files should be saved with a minimum amount of white space around the illustration, and with the PC option if possible. Please make sure that the TIFF file has sufficient resolution: this is 300 pixels per inch (ppi) for grey-scale/half-tone figures (e.g. photographs), and 800 ppi for combined line/tone figures, at final size.
For example, a figure that is to fill one column (approx. 80 mm wide, or 3.15 inches) needs to be at least 945 pixels wide if it is a photograph (3.15 × 300) or 2500 pixels wide (3.15 × 800) if it is a combination of a photograph and labelling. If the file is very large then it can be compressed: please tell us which compression method has been used.
Graphics files should be named to indicate clearly to which illustration they pertain (e.g. fig6.eps for Fig. 6). Please do not supply figures with long, complicated filenames. Please supply the figures as one figure per file and not as multi-page PS or TIFF files.
For all graphics files please make sure that the line weight is acceptable - the weight should not be less than 0.3 pt at final size. Finer lines and points than this will not print, even if you can see them on your laser printed hard copy - bear in mind that your laser printer has a far lower resolution than the imagesetter that will be used at the journal printers. When selecting line styles avoid triple-dot-dashed lines as this line style is overly complicated and is not always supported by typesetting, PostScripting and artwork software. Solid, dotted, dashed, dot-dashed, double-dot-dashed and dot-double-dashed lines are all OK.
Colour illustrations
Colour artwork can be accepted for publication, but authors will be charged for the extra cost involved, except in exceptional circumstances (in which case please contact the editorial office, kc@ras.org.uk). The cost of colour printing is £155 + VAT, which entitles the author to publish as many colour figures as they want within their paper. Authors who are paying for the colour in their paper are required to complete and return a colour work agreement form before their paper can be processed. The form can be downloaded as a PDF file from http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/pdf/mnr_form.pdf and must be returned to the MNRAS Journal Production team at Wiley-Blackwell, 101 George Street, Edinburgh EH2 3ES (Fax: +44 131 226 3803). If you are unable to download the form, please contact the production team. (To read PDF files, you must have Acrobat Reader installed on your computer. If you do not have this program, it is available as a free download from http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html) Papers will not be published until the colour work agreement form is returned.
Electronic graphics files should be supplied as CMYK if possible, rather than RGB.
Please note that it may not always be possible to get an exact match for all of the colours in a particular figure: in particular, colours that appear fluorescent on-screen will look flatter when printed. The exact appearance of a colour figure at any stage depends on the display medium and settings used: e.g. EPS file viewed on screen, laser print, CMYK printing of ink on paper. Authors hoping to include colour in their paper should discuss it with the RAS as early as possible in the submission process.
Any colour files not printed in colour will be published as grey-scale in the paper journal and in colour on the web, free of charge. If you have figures that are to be processed in this way, please check the proofs very carefully, as false colours can sometimes reproduce in unusual ways when converted to grey-scale mode. If you wish, you can supply separate grey-scale and colour files for the print and web versions of your paper.
Tables
Tables should be included as part of the TeX, LaTeX or Microsoft Word file. Please avoid the use of rules in tables, except for horizontal rules at the head and foot, and under the column headings. Authors should bear in mind that, for tables that run over several pages, the original page breaks of the table may not necessarily be retained in the proofs. If for some reason it is important to retain the original table page breaks, this should be clearly indicated to the RAS when the paper is submitted.
If a paper contains lengthy data tables, it is often not appropriate to publish them in the printed journal, for reasons of space. Such tabular material will be published alongside the electronic version of the article, on Wiley Interscience. A small sample of each data table should be included in the main paper. Authors planning to submit papers including such tabular material should make their intentions clear to the RAS when submitting their papers. They should also be prepared to include small sample tables in the text, and to provide PostScript, PDF or plain text files of the full tables with the final version of their accepted paper, for use in the electronic issue. The full guidelines for online-only material can be found here: http://authorservices.wiley.com/bauthor/suppmat.asp.
Authors may also, if they wish, mount machine-readable versions of their tables on the VizieR data base of astronomical catalogues at the Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg (CDS) web site. It is the responsibility of the author to mount such material on CDS, and to ensure that it is in the correct format for the data base. Details of the VizieR data base, as well as guidelines on formatting and submission of data, can be found at the CDS web site (http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/). A hyperlink can be included to CDS from the electronic text of the Monthly Notices article.
4. Electronic submission of manuscripts to Monthly Notices and Monthly Notices Letters via ScholarOne Manuscripts.
Electronic submission of new manuscripts to Monthly Notices and Monthly Notices Letters must now be made via the ScholarOne Manuscripts (formerly known as Manuscript Central) submission and tracking system (http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/mnras). Note that revised versions of manuscripts originally submitted to the RAS ftp server (i.e. pre-2006) should still be sent by ftp as previously instructed, with an email detailing the changes to the Editorial Assistant concerned.
File requirements
You should be prepared to submit your manuscript as a single file containing all figures and tables, in PDF, PS, Word, RTF or plain text format. Please submit in the single spaced format so that the length of the paper may be judged. The ScholarOne Manuscripts system is able to convert any of these to a single PDF for use by the editor and reviewers. Do not zip this file. ScholarOne Manuscripts cannot convert LaTeX files to PDF. Please keep PDFs as small as possible and in any case not bigger than 10 MB without prior approval, for the review stage.
You must also upload your LaTeX and EPS source files, designating them as files 'not for review'. These will be used for typesetting purposes and must be uploaded with each version of your paper, i.e. original version and all revisions. A single .tar or .zip file containing all of your source files and a readme file should be uploaded. If you have used a .bib file to generate your bibliography in LaTeX, please do include this in your .tar/.zip archive along with the .bbl and .tex files; this will aid the typesetting process.
You may also upload supplementary material which is not intended for publication, such as additional data, figures etc. This should be designated as 'supplementary material' and will be added to the PDF made by the system, making it available to the editor and reviewer.
Submitting a manuscript
Login at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/mnras. Note that your USER ID and Password are case sensitive. You may check whether you already have an account, or find your user ID and password by entering your e-mail address into the 'Password Help' section. If necessary, create a new account. The Main Menu page will open and you should click on the 'Author Centre' button.
Click on 'Submit a Manuscript' on the top toolbar, or on the blue star icon. There are seven steps to complete when submitting a paper. These are listed down the left hand side of the screen. Some information, such as your name as author, is added automatically. A green tick appears next to each step as it is completed.
The steps do not have to be completed in sequence and the process can be abandoned mid-way through and picked up again at a later session, the information being stored as an 'unsubmitted manuscript'. If later you choose to continue with the submission, you should click on 'Unsubmitted manuscripts' in your 'Author Centre'. The paper will appear in a table and you should then click on 'Continue submission'.
You must complete all stages for successful submission. Compulsory fields are marked with a purple 'req'. Do not use your browser's 'forward' or 'back' buttons, but move through the stages either by clicking on the step numbers on the left hand side of the page or by using the system's 'next' and 'previous' buttons.
Step 1 - Enter your manuscript type, title and abstract. If you are submitting a revised version and have made changes to any of these, be certain to update the manuscript type and title information or upload a new abstract.
Step 2 - Choose at least one and up to six key words from the list provided.
Step 3 - List your co-authors. You are automatically added as first author. Additional authors may be added and the order changed using the order drop-down box in the first column of the table. Listing the entire author list is not compulsory. If your co-authors do not have accounts on ScholarOne Manuscripts, one will automatically be created for each and they will be notified by email. This will enable them to track the progress of the manuscript via ScholarOne Manuscripts.
Step 4 - Here you may list non-preferred reviewers and preferred/non-preferred editors. This is optional.
Step 5 - Add your cover letter. Please be sure to flag up any figures that you would like to be printed in colour, any online-only material (e.g. long data tables; see guidelines here), any special instructions or anything else unusual about the paper.
Step 6 - Upload your files here (.ps, .pdf, .doc, .eps etc.). Give each file a designation from the drop down list.
One file should be your complete manuscript and designated as such. Supplementary material, such as related figures or tables, not intended for publication but intended to be viewed by the editor and reviewer, may also be uploaded here and designated as 'supplementary materials'. This too will be combined with your other files in the PDF produced by the system.
Your LaTeX and EPS source files must also be uploaded and should be designated as files 'not for review'. The content of the manuscript in these files must be identical to the files that you supply for review, otherwise delays in publication will occur. When submitting a revised version, be certain to delete the files uploaded for previous versions and upload your new files!
Click 'Upload Files' at the bottom of the screen. All files, except those designated 'not for review', will be combined into a single PDF file.
Step 7 - Here you will see a checklist of what you have entered. Before you can complete your submission, you must proof read your PDF 'proofs'.
Submission can then be completed by clicking the 'submit' icon. Check your 'proofs' carefully! These are the files that the editor and reviewer will receive.
You will receive confirmation onscreen and in a separate email. Keep a note of your Manuscript ID; this will help you track your submission via ScholarOne Manuscripts. The Editorial Office will contact you as soon as a decision has been made.
In case of any difficulties during submission, please contact the Editorial Office Manager, Kim Clube at kc@ras.org.uk.
5. The publication process after a paper has been accepted
When a paper has been accepted for publication, it will be forwarded by the RAS to the publishers, Wiley-Blackwell. The paper will then be copy-edited and typeset from the supplied electronic files and authors will be receive an e-mail alert for them to download a PDF file of their proofs. The PDF proofs will contain queries regarding ambiguities, unclear sections of text, missing information, etc. You must return a completed Exclusive Licence Form with your proof corrections if you have not already done so.
Note that although the paper will be typeset using the author's source files as a starting point, the paper will have been converted to XML in the typesetter's own system and the PDF proofs created from this. Therefore, proofs should be read carefully, particularly equations and other numerical matter. It is the responsibility of each author to check his or her proofs, reply to any queries, and notify the production team of any typographical errors. When updating the reference list, please be careful to update textual citations as well if the year has changed. Proofs should be returned by the date requested if at all possible - delay in returning the proofs will lead to delay in publication of the paper. Authors should keep their own alterations to a minimum - it may be necessary to charge authors for excessive alterations for which they are responsible. We only want authors to make essential changes once the paper is in proof form. If it is suspected that extensive proof changes may alter the science in any significant way, the paper will be put on hold and referred back to the RAS for approval. Please do not send a new LaTeX source file for your paper at proof correction stage, as we will be unable to use it. Short LaTeX excerpts for mathematical corrections are acceptable.
Authors should note that papers are published in Early View rapidly after receipt of author proof corrections, and that once an article has appeared online, no further changes will be permitted, even to correct errors. Authors should therefore make sure that they check their proofs extremely carefully, and they should regard the proof corrections they send back as the complete and final corrections for the paper.
Authors may if they wish make reference in their proofs to new and related work by others, or additional material that is relevant to their paper but does not change the scientific content, by inserting a 'Note added in proof' at the end of the paper, just before the references.
Offprints
Authors will be provided with a PDF offprint on publication of their paper. These are provided free of charge to the corresponding author, and may be distributed subject to the accompanying terms and conditions.
For main journal articles, paper offprints of the published article may be purchased if ordered via the method stipulated on the instructions that accompany the proofs. Note that it is not uncommon for printed offprints to take up to eight weeks to arrive after publication of the journal.
6. Monthly Notices journal style
Authors submitting papers to Monthly Notices may find it useful to note the following points regarding journal style. The notes given here relate to common style points found in Monthly Notices manuscripts, and are not intended to be exhaustive. Please see any recent issue of the journal for more details.
Titles and section/subsection headings
Sections should be numbered 1, 2, 2.1, 2.1.1 etc. Appendices should be labelled A, B, etc. With the exception of main section headings (e.g. INTRODUCTION), capital letters should be used only where they would occur in a normal sentence - e.g. ROSAT observations of the unusual star..., not ROSAT Observations of the Unusual Star....
Key words
Here is the list of Monthly Notices key words (updated 2009 December). No other key words should be used. Up to six key words are allowed for each paper, and they are used in the preparation of the volume and end of year indexes. Please use the correct layout for key words, e.g.
Key words: galaxies: active - galaxies: Seyfert - radio continuum: galaxies.
Punctuation
When deciding where to add commas, it may be helpful to read through the sentence and note where the natural pauses occur. The needs of readers for whom English is not a first language should be borne in mind when punctuating long sentences. For example, consider the following sentence as it appeared in Monthly Notices: When we do not limit ourselves by constraints arising from the choice of an initial fluctuation spectrum, structures in an open universe, including the peculiar velocity structure, can be reproduced in a flat Lemaître universe for a large part of their evolution.
Now consider the same sentence without commas: When we do not limit ourselves by constraints arising from the choice of an initial fluctuation spectrum structures in an open universe including the peculiar velocity structure can be reproduced in a flat Lemaître universe for a large part of their evolution.
Spelling
Please use British spelling - e.g. centre not center, labelled not labeled.
The following style regarding -ise/yse and -ize spellings is followed. -ise/yse: devise, surprise, comprise, revise, exercise, analyse. -ize: recognize, criticize, minimize, emphasize, organize, parametrize (note the spelling of this word in particular).
Miscellaneous journal spellings: acknowledgments, artefact, best-fitting (not best-fit), disc (except computer disk), haloes (not halos), hotspot, none the less, non-linear, on to, time-scale.
none is a singular word (none of the stars is a white dwarf); data is a plural word (these data show...).
Hyphens and N-rules
Hyphens (one dash in TeX/LaTeX): Monthly Notices uses hyphens for compound adjectives (e.g. low-density gas, least-squares fit, two-component model). This also applies to simple units (e.g. 1.5-m telescope, 284.5-nm line), but not to complex units or ranges, which could become cumbersome (e.g. 15 km s-1 feature, 100-200 µm observations). Some words (e.g. time-scale) are always hyphenated as part of journal style (see above).
N-rules (two dashes in TeX/LaTeX): these are used (i) to separate key words, (ii) as parentheses (e.g. the results - assuming no temperature gradient - are indicative of ...), (iii) to denote a range (e.g. 1.6-2.2 µm), and (iv) to denote the joining of two words (e.g. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Herbig-Haro object).
The M-rule (three dashes in TeX/LaTeX) is not used in Monthly Notices.
References
In the text
When citing references in the text, tables or figure captions:
- for one author, use the style (Brown 1999) or e.g. ...the observations of Brown (1999)... , depending on the context;
- for two authors, use an ampersand: Brown & Jones (1991);
- for three authors, give all three names at first mention, e.g. (Brown, Jones & Smith 1994), but et al. (in roman) thereafter, e.g. (Brown et al. 1994);
- for more than three authors, use et al.;
- for several papers by the same author(s), use the style (Brown 1992, 1995) or Smith et al. (2000a,b) show that...;
- when several papers are listed in brackets, they should be ordered by date and separated by semi-colons, e.g. (Smith et al. 1990; Brown et al. 1995).
In the references list
Use no bold or italic, no commas after author surnames, and no ampersand between the final two author names. List all authors if eight or fewer, otherwise first author only followed by `et al.'. The styles for journal articles, conferences, books and PhD theses are illustrated below.
Eke V., Cole S., Frenk C.S., 1996, MNRAS, 282, 263
Smith A., 2000, in Minh Y.C., van Dishoeck E.F., eds, Proc. IAU Symp. 197, Astrochemistry: from molecular clouds to planetary systems. Astron. Soc. Pac., San Francisco, p. 210
Felsteiner J., Opher R., 1991, in Treves A., ed., Iron Line Diagnostics in X-ray Sources. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, p. 209
Garrido R., 2000, in Brege M., Montgomery M.H., eds, ASP Conf. Ser. Vol. 210, Delta Scuti and related stars. Astron. Soc. Pac., San Francisco, p. 67
Jones P., Taylor N., 2002, MNRAS, in press
Peebles P. J. E., 1980, The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ
Pounds K. A. et al., 1993, MNRAS, 260, 77
Smith P. et al., 2002, preprint (astro-ph/xxxxxx)
Williams B. G., 1992, PhD thesis, Univ. Edinburgh
Prefixes such as de or van should be considered as part of the family name for alphabetical arrangement, and Mc should be read as Mac.
If there are several references with the same first author, arrange in the following order: first single-author papers (by date); then two-author papers (alphabetically by co-author, then by date); then multi-author papers (by date).
Use simplified abbreviations for frequently used journals, as in the examples above (see full list below); otherwise use the IAU standard abbreviations published in Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts (Springer-Verlag) or on the IAU Web pages.
Letters are denoted by the prefix L on the page number (e.g. ApJ, 298, L14) or a P (small capitals) for older MNRAS papers (e.g. MNRAS, 251, 23P).
Private communications or papers in preparation should be listed as such in the text, but omitted from the reference list, e.g. Smith (in preparation) shows that....
Simplified abbreviations of frequently cited journals
- A&A: Astronomy and Astrophysics
- A&AR: Astronomy and Astrophysics Review (the)
- A&AS: Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series
- Afz: Astrofizika
- AJ: Astronomical Journal (the)
- Ap&SS Astrophysics and Space Science
- ApJ: Astrophysical Journal (the)
- ApJS: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (the)
- ARA&A: Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Azh: Astronomicheskij Zhurnal
- BAAS: Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society
- JA&A: Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy
- MNRAS: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Nat: Nature
- PASJ: Publications of the Astronomical Socety of Japan
- PASP: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
- QJRAS: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Sci: Science
- SvA: Soviet Astronomy
Mathematics
Scalar variables are italic; vectors are bold italic (no arrows); matrices are bold Univers font (like bold sans serif); dot products are denoted by a bold centred dot, cross-products by a bold multiplication sign. Differential d, complex i, exponential e, sin, cos, tan, log, etc., are roman. Sub/superscripts that are physical variables are italic, while those that are just labels are roman (e.g. Ct, but Teff). Equations should be punctuated as part of the sentence. Displayed equations are ranged left (i.e. no indent). Numbering of equations should follow the convention (1), (2)... or (2.1), (2.2)... . Equations in appendices should be numbered (A1), (A2), (B1), etc.
Units
Units should be in roman and separated from the number by a space - e.g. 200 keV.
The units of time are ms, s, min, h, d, yr.
The units of length/distance are Å, nm, µm, mm, cm, m, km, au, light-year, pc. Use superscript -1, not solidus /, for units: e.g.
km s-1 not km/s. The unit of arcseconds is arcsec when used to denote angular size or separation (e.g. beamsize 12 arcsec, 30 arcsec west of the star); use ' for coordinates (e.g. Dec. -30o 29 23') (similarly for arcmin).
Avoid repeating units unnecessarily (e.g. 1.3 and 2.6 mm rather than 1.3 mm and 2.6 mm).
The unit of magnitudes is mag, not superscript m.
Percentages should be written per cent, not %.
Use the degree symbol o except to denote e.g. areas, where deg2 may be more appropriate (e.g. a survey area of 3 deg2).
Solar masses and solar luminosities should be roman.
Miscellaneous
e.g., i.e., cf., etc., are roman.
Single quotes not double quotes.
Letters denoting wavebands (e.g. UBV) are set italic. Colour excess is set as e.g. E(B-V) (minus sign).
Letters denoting orbital states are set roman.
Ionized species should be denoted by small capitals, preceded by a thin space - e.g. He I.
Balmer lines are set as e.g. H (no subscript).
Computer software (e.g. CLOUDY) should be in small capitals.
Satellite names should be in italic (e.g. Ginga, IRAS).
The correct bracket order is {[( )]}.
Acronyms and abbreviations should be spelt out at the first occurrence, unless they are very well known.
Dates should be written as e.g. 1998 April 14, except in tables, where the standard abbreviations (IAU Style Manual, table 8) can be used.
Figures and tables should be referred to as e.g. Fig. 1 and Table 1, unless they are from another paper, in which case fig. 1 and table 1 should be used.
In resolutions passed by the 20th General Assembly of the IAU, authors are urged: (i) to use only standard SI units and those additional units that are recognized for use in astronomy; and (ii) to ensure that all astronomical objects referred to in the literature are designated clearly and unambiguously in accordance with the recommendations of the Union. The recommendations, the list of recognized units, and other advice on the preparation of papers are set out in the IAU Style Manual (Trans. IAU 20B) and on the IAU web site.
Authors should check that any stellar names derived from constellations are written in the correct genitive form: e.g. V386 Sagittarii or V386 Sgr, not V386 Sagittarius.
7. Whom to contact about your paper
Submitted papers
If your paper has not yet been accepted, please contact the RAS Editorial Office:
Royal Astronomical Society
Burlington House
Piccadilly
London W1J 0BQ
UK
Tel: +44 (0)20 7734 3307/4582
Fax: +44 (0)20 7494 0166
E-mail: kc@ras.org.uk
Accepted papers
If your paper has been accepted and is in press, please contact the publishers with any queries:
RAS Journal Production
Wiley-Blackwell
John Wiley & Sons
101 George Street
Edinburgh EH2 3ES
UK
Tel: +44 (0)131 226 7232
Fax: +44 (0)131 226 3803
E-mail: mnr@wiley.com
Please do not contact the publishers with queries about papers that are still at the refereeing stage - they do not have access to information about papers that have not yet been accepted, so will not be able to help you!
Copyright
An Exclusive Licence Form must be completed for all articles accepted for publication in the journal. The form is available as a PDF file.
Editorial Board
Editor-in-Chief
R.F. Carswell, Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK
Deputy Editor-in-Chief
A.R. King, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, UK
The Board of Editors
M.J. Barlow, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, UK
A. Collier Cameron, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, UK
J.E. Drew, Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, UK
M.W. Feast, Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, South Africa
D.R. Flower, Department of Physics, University of Durham, UK
D.C. Heggie, Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Edinburgh, UK
A.R. Liddle, Astronomy Centre, University of Sussex, UK
T.J. Pearson, Astronomy Department, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
A.N. Taylor, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, UK
M.J. Ward, Department of Physics, University of Durham, UK
S.D.M. White, Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Garching bei München, Germany
R.A.M.J. Wijers, Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
D.M. Worrall, H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, UK
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