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期刊名称：JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES ISSN： 0022-1899 版本： SCI-CDE 出版频率： Semi-monthly 出版社： OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, USA, NC, 27513   出版社网址： http://www.oxfordjournals.org/ 期刊网址： http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/ 影响因子： 5.226 主题范畴： IMMUNOLOGY;    INFECTIOUS DISEASES;    MICROBIOLOGY 期刊简介(About the journal)    投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)    编辑部信息(Editorial Board)    About the journal  JOURNAL DESCRIPTION: Founded in 1904, The Journal of Infectious Diseases is the premier publication in the Western Hemisphere for original research on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases; on the microbes that cause them; and on disorders of host immune mechanisms. Articles in JID include research results from microbiology, immunology, epidemiology, and related disciplines. Frequency: semi-monthly, 2 volumes/year, 12 issues/volume. Volume 187 begins January 1, 2003. 160 pages/issue.   Instructions to Authors   GENERAL INFORMATION      The Journal of Infectious Diseases (JID) is sponsored by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Reports of research related to any aspect of the fields of microbiology, infection, and host response, whether laboratory, clinical, or epidemiologic, are considered for publication in JID. Major Articles and Brief Reports are peer reviewed; Correspondence is reviewed by the Editors.      JID reserves the right to edit for journal style, clarity, precision of expression, and grammar. Authors review these changes at the proof stage but must limit their alterations in proof to correcting errors and clarifying misleading statements. Notice of Page Charges      Page charges for regular issues are assessed as follows: $55 per page for the first 6 pages and $85 for each additional page. The publisher will bill the author concurrently for page charges and reprints. Invited Perspectives, Editorials, and Correspondence related to articles recently published in the Journal will not be subject to page charges. In unusual circumstances, the Editor may waive page charges. Manuscript Categories      Major Articles describe original investigations that are an important advance in the field and that have been brought to an acceptable degree of completion. Major articles should be no longer than 4000 words of text (from the beginning of the introduction to the end of the discussion; do not count the abstract, references, and legends), and illustrations must be limited to the minimum necessary for clear and concise presentation. For Major Articles describing results of clinical trials, the abstract should be structured, using the headings Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusions, and should be no more than 200 words; for other Major Article manuscripts, the abstract may be structured (200-word limit) or unstructured (150-word limit).      Brief Reports present complete studies that are narrower in scope than those described in Major Articles or that represent new developments. Manuscripts that are descriptive or primarily methodologic in nature, that report results of phase I and II vaccine trials, or that describe in vitro chemotherapeutic studies should, in general, be submitted as Brief Reports. Brief Reports include an abstract (no more than 100 words) and are limited to no more than 2000 words of text, a total of 2 inserts (tables or figures), and 15 references.      Correspondence (letters) must be submitted in reference to a previous publication in JID (one within the preceding 12 months), otherwise they will not be considered. Please prepare the letter in manuscript format, including a title page. The letter cannot exceed 750 words of text, 1 insert (table or figure), and 10 references (no acknowledgments).      Errata and Announcements should be submitted as hard copy, with an electronic version on a high-density disk, or as e-mail (if no graphics are involved) to JID@press.uchicago.edu.      Perspectives and Editorials are generally invited by the Editor and are overviews of articles in JID or of other research in infectious diseases. Unsolicited perspectives are also considered.      Reviews that are research-oriented will be considered by JID. Authors should contact the Editor in advance of submission, to determine whether a specific topic is deemed appropriate and timely. Review articles will be peer reviewed.      Supplements are published by JID. Inquiries related to suitability of topic, program organization, and production should be made in writing to the Editor. DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS Manuscript Preparation      JID complies with the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (Ann Intern Med 2000; 133:22931 [editorial]; http://www.icmje.org, full text), except that reference citations should appear in the text in square brackets (not parentheses). Text, tables, references, and legends must be double-spaced. Italics should be used for genus and species names and for genes, but not for in vivo, in vitro, in situ, et al., or other Latin-derived expressions listed in Webster's Collegiate Dictionary; see a recent issue of JID for appropriate style.      Title page.     On the title page, please supply a running head of not more than 40 characters and spaces, a title of not more than 160 characters and spaces, the names and affiliations of all of the authors, and word counts of the abstract and the text. The first name of each author should be spelled out in full; middle initials should be included. If there is potential confusion with respect to whether the first name presented is actually the last name of the author, please identify the last name.      Footnote page.     Footnotes must include (1) the name, date (month and year), and location (city, state, and country if not USA) of a meeting at which all or part of the information has been presented (include an abstract number if possible); (2) a statement that informed consent was obtained from patients or their parents or guardians and that human experimentation guidelines of the US Department of Health and Human Services and/or those of the authors' institution(s) were followed in the conduct of clinical research or that animal experimentation guidelines were followed in animal studies; (3) a statement, if applicable, that an author has a commercial or other association that might pose a conflict of interest (e.g., pharmaceutical stock ownership, consultancy); (4) sources of financial support (including grant numbers); (5) the name, address, telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail address of the person to whom correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed; and (6) current affiliations and addresses for authors whose affiliations have changed since completion of the study.      Abstract.     The abstract for a Major Article describing results of a clinical trial should be no more than 200 words and should be structured with the headings Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusions. Abstracts of other Major Articles may be structured (200-word limit) or unstructured (150-word limit). Abstracts of Brief Reports should be no more than 100 words. Whether structured or unstructured, the abstract should state the purpose of the research, the methods used, the results, and the conclusions. Do not cite references in the abstract. Include 3 to 10 key words separate from the abstract. Authors are reminded that the abstract is of particular value to producers and users of computer-based literature-retrieval systems such as MEDLINE.      Text.     The text of Major Articles should be no longer than 4000 words, and that of Brief Reports no longer than 2000 words.      References.     Only works that have been published or accepted for publication can be included in the reference list. Unpublished observations by the authors (authors' unpublished data), personal communications (J. L. Searle, personal communication), and manuscripts submitted for publication (H. Chapin and M. Perkins, submitted) should be mentioned parenthetically in the text. Please number references in order of appearance; those cited only or first in tables or figures are numbered according to the order in which the table or figure is cited in the text. Example: If table 2 is cited in the text after reference 25, a new reference cited in table 2 will be reference 26.      References must follow the National Library of Medicine format as used in Index Medicus and Uniform Requirements (see above). Provide all authors' (or editors') names when there are fewer than 7; for 7 or more, list the first 3 and add "et al." Titles of journals not listed in Index Medicus should be spelled out in full. Reference to a doctoral dissertation should include the author, title, institution, location, year, and publication information, if published. For online resources, include a URL and date accessed. Accuracy of references is the responsibility of the authors.      Examples of the proper format are as follows: Uherova P, Connick E, MaWhinney S, Schlichtemeier R, Schooley RT, Kuritzkes DR. In vitro effect of interleukin-12 on antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferative responses from persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Infect Dis 1996; 174:4839. McIntosh K. Diagnostic virology. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, Chanock RM, et al., eds. Fields virology. 2nd ed. Vol 1. New York: Raven Press, 1990:41140. Lyon DJ, Cheng AFB, Norrby SR. Mechanisms of cefotaxime resistance in blood culture isolates of Enterobacter high prevalence of extended-spectrum ?lactamases [abstract C43]. In: Program and abstracts of the 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (San Francisco). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1995:47. Public Health Service Task Force. Recommendations for the use of antiretroviral drugs in pregnant HIV-1 infected women for maternal health and interventions to reduce perinatal HIV-1 transmission in the United States. Available at: http://www.hivatis.org. Accessed 24 April 2002.      Acknowledgment(s).     The page preceding the references can include a statement thanking those who assisted substantially with work relevant to the study.      Statistical analysis.     The statistical analyses used should be identified both in the text and in all tables and figures where the results of statistical comparison are shown.      Units of measure.     All data should be expressed in metric units; use of SI units is encouraged. Use °C for temperature.      Tables and figures.     Data should not be repeated in both a table and a figure. Abbreviations and acronyms used in tables and figures must be explained in the table footnotes and figure legends, even if already defined in the text.           Tables should be numbered in the order of mention in the text. Tables should be typed double-spaced throughout, with no vertical or internal rules. Footnotes and accompanying explanatory material should be kept to a minimum. Footnotes should be placed below the table and designated by superscript lowercase letters (listed in order of location when the table is read horizontally). Each column must have an appropriate heading describing the data in the column below, and units of measure must be clearly indicated. For further instructions on the preparation of tables in Word or WordPerfect, consult the Special Instructions for Tables.           Figures should be also numbered in the order of mention in the text. Please prepare your figures in accordance with the Guidelines for Submission of Artwork.      Style.     Authors are referred to the American Medical Association Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (9th ed., Williams & Wilkins, 1997) and the Chicago Manual of Style (15th ed., University of Chicago Press, 2003).      For commercially obtained products mentioned in the text, list full names of manufacturers. Generic names of drugs and other chemical compounds should be used.      Nomenclature.     JID attempts to use the latest widely accepted nomenclature. See Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (9th ed., revised, Williams & Wilkins, 1993) and Enzyme Nomenclature 1992: Recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology on the Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes (Academic Press, 1992). Formal terms for virus families, genera, and species should be those approved by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses: Virus TaxonomyThe Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses: Sixth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (Springer-Verlag, 1995). This volume also includes standard abbreviations for virus species. For names and abbreviations of chemical compounds, refer to the Merck Index (12th ed., Merck, 1996). The Editors appreciate the assistance of authors and readers who inform them of changes in nomenclature.      Controls for genetically engineered mice.     For all experiments involving genetically engineered mice, inbred-strain background effects have become an important concern. The Editorial Board generally considers only the following as appropriate controls: the parental wild-type inbred strain (if the engineered animals studied have been backcrossed onto this strain for >4 generations) or littermates. If an alternative control was used, an explanation must be included in the cover letter to the Editor. Supporting Documents      Cover letter.     All manuscripts submitted to JID, online or otherwise, must be accompanied by a letter declaring that the manuscript has not been submitted or accepted for publication elsewhere. This letter must warrant that all authors have seen and approved the content and have contributed significantly to the work. Authors should suggest potential unbiased reviewers who are qualified to review their manuscript. A cover letter must also accompany a revised submission and must address issues raised in the review process.      Related manuscripts.     If there appears to be significant overlap between a manuscript submitted to JID and another submitted manuscript by the same authors (to JID or another journal) or if there is an overlap between a submitted JID manuscript and one published by this or another journal, the editors will ask the corresponding author to respond to the question of overlap. On the basis of the response, the editors may choose to consider the manuscript further, ask for modification of the manuscript, or reject the manuscript; in the case of a rejected manuscript, the editors will provide the author(s) with a detailed explanation. The editors may also choose to take further action, which could include contacting the appropriate superior at the home institution and/or suspending publishing privileges in JID for a designated period of time. If it is found that the authors of an article published in JID had published an overlapping or identical manuscript in another journal, the editors would publish an announcement to that effect in JID.      Permissions.     Written permission must be obtained from all investigators cited in a personal communication who are not coauthors of the present manuscript and from the copyright owner if a previously published table or figure is to be reproduced. Additionally, authors should include a copy of "in press" references and articles by the same authors on the same subject that were submitted elsewhere. All letters of permission and references/articles should be mailed to our editorial office at 225 Friend Street, 7th Floor, Boston, MA 02114-1812.      Nucleotide sequences.     Nucleotide sequences must be submitted to the International Nucleotide Sequence Databases prior to acceptance, and the accession numbers must appear in the final revision of the manuscript. Please visit http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank, http://www.ebi.ac.uk/embl, and http://www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp for more information. MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION      Authors are encouraged to submit their manuscripts via the JID Web Peer Review system at http://mss.uchicago.edu/JID. Detailed instructions are available below, as well as at the Web site. If submission using the Web interface is not possible, please click here for instructions on how to submit a hard copy of your manuscript. Formatting Electronic Files      Please follow the requirements below to submit a new or revised manuscript via this system. The system relies on automated processing to create an Adobe Acrobat (PDF) file from your submission. If you do not follow these instructions, your submission cannot be processed automatically and will not be received by the journal office. Acceptable formats Microsoft Word (.docany version that can be read by Word 2000 for Windows) Rich Text Format (.rtf)      File contents.     Manuscripts should be submitted as single files with all figures, tables, and images embedded (inserted) directly into the document. Consult your word processing program's "Help" documentation for instructions on how to embed tables and figures. If necessary, you may submit images as separate files in .jpg, .tif, .eps, or .gif format. You must also submit a cover letter in a second file, in the same format as your main file or else as plain text (an ASCII file). Follow the instructions listed above for manuscript, table, and figure preparation.      Filename requirements.     All filenames must be lowercase. (All file processing by the Web Peer Review system is done on Unix machines, where filenames are case-sensitive).      Filenames must conform to these specifications: Main text file Cover letter Figures Tables Word ms.doc cover_letter.doc or cover_letter.txt [embedded in ms.doc] [embedded in ms.doc] RTF ms.rtf cover_letter.rtf or cover_letter.txt [embedded in ms.rtf] [embedded in ms.rtf]      File compression and archives.     We strongly recommend that you make an archive of all the files for your submission and then upload the single archive file. Applications for Mac OS (such as StuffIt) and Windows (such as WinZip) support the formats listed below.      The following archive formats may be used: Windows or Unix zip (e.g., "archive.zip") Unix tar (e.g., "archive.tar" or compressed with gzip as "archive.tar.gz" or "archive.tgz")      If you cannot create archives in these formats, you may still compress invididual files to shorten upload time: Unix compress (e.g., "ms.tex.Z") Unix gzip (e.g., "ms.tex.gz")      Revisions.     If you are submitting a revised manuscript and have a response to the reviewers' comments, include your response as part of the cover letter file. When submitting a revised manuscript with figures, include all the figures even if they have not changed since the previous version. Online Submission Instructions      Preparing the manuscript file.     The preferred format for submitting manuscripts online is Microsoft Word (.doc files). If you are unable to submit a Microsoft Word file, the Web Peer Review system will also accept manuscripts in Rich Text Format (.rtf). We have provided a drop box in the "File format" area in which to indicate the document type.      As mentioned above, manuscripts should be submitted as single files with all figures, tables, and images embedded (inserted) directly into the document. If necessary, you may submit images as separate files in .jpg, .tif, .eps, or .gif format. Please note that authors whose manuscripts are accepted for publication may be required to submit high-resolution hard copies (e.g., glossy prints) after the review process is complete and press production is about to begin.      Submission checklist.     Please have the following items readily available before beginning the online submission process: Your manuscript as an MS Word or a Rich Text fileincluding all tables, figures and images embedded in the document Information from your title page: title, list of contributing authors and affiliations, word count, and contact information for the corresponding author A list of recommended reviewers Navigating the Peer Review Web Site      Step One: Describing your manuscript      Go to the JID Peer Review Web site at http://mss.uchicago.edu/JID. A username and password are required to enter the site. If you already have a username and password, click on "Login/See current tasks" to view the status of your account. If you are new to the site, click on "Create account" to register. After completing your login, click on the "Begin submission" button.      Once you have logged in, fill in the fields describing your manuscript. To move from one field to the next, press the "tab" key. When all the information is complete and you are sure it is correct, click "Ready to upload files" to proceed to step two.      Step Two: Uploading your file(s)      Click the "Browse" button to locate a file on your local system. Once a file is specified in the field, click "Upload this file" to send the file to the Web Peer Review system. You must name your manuscript file "ms," using lowercase type. (All file processing by the Web Peer Review system is done on Unix machines, where filenames are case-sensitive.) The system will rename your manuscript with a manuscript ID number during the upload.      As previously mentioned, your manuscript file must contain all figures and tables as well as the text. Remember that if you have multiple files, you can compress all of them into a single archive and upload just one file. We recommend that you make an archive of all the files for your submission and then upload the single archive file. See the Formatting Electronic Files section for detailed instructions.      Check your results. Only files listed in the box labeled "Files uploaded so far" have been uploaded successfully. If you need to delete a file, click the file name in the box to select it, and then click the "Delete selected file" button.      When you have uploaded all the files for your submission, click "Process uploaded files" to proceed. The system will attempt to make a PDF version of your file. The conversion to PDF reduces the size of the file and makes it easier for editors and reviewers to read. PDF files can be viewed with Adobe Acrobat Reader version 3 or higher (available free at http://www.adobe.com) or with Ghostscript 5.1 or higher compiled with PDF support turned on (available free at http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost). If successful, there will be a link to the PDF on the next Web page that appears.      If you want to delete all the uploaded files and make no submission, click "Cancel submission" instead.      Step Three: Submitting your information      After your file has been converted to a PDF, view the file that was generated from your submission by clicking on "ms.pdf" (a link that will be provided on the next Web page that appears). After you finish viewing the PDF, indicate how you would like to proceed.      If you select "Approve and submit now," you assert that you have viewed the PDF file via the link provided and that the file accurately shows your manuscript as reviewers should see it. If you select "Fix and resubmit later," the files you have already uploaded will be saved (for 30 days) so that you can return later and upload new or corrected files to make a new PDF file.      Click "Finish" to complete the final process. Click "Cancel" if you wish to abort the submission.      If your manuscript has been successfully submitted to the JID Web Peer Review system, a confirmation screen, which includes your assigned manuscript number, will appear. Please carefully note this number and use it in all future correspondence with the JID editorial office. An e-mail message confirming your submission will be sent to you.      If you do not receive either a manuscript number or confirmation e-mail, your manuscript was not successfully submitted to the journal and thus cannot be sent on to peer review. Please try again or contact jid-help@mss.uchicago.edu for assistance. Submit your manuscript now: http://mss.uchicago.edu/JID Editorial Board Editors & Staff EDITOR Martin Hirsch DEPUTY EDITOR David C. Hooper ASSOCIATE EDITORS Ann M. Arvin Julie L. Gerberding Joseph A. Kovacs Daniel R. Kuritzkes Robert S. Munford William Schaffner Jane R. Schwebke Frederick S. Southwick Peter F. Weller L. Joseph Wheat STATISTICAL EDITOR Michael Hughes MANAGING EDITOR Lee Powers MANUSCRIPT COORDINATORS Jenny A. Petersen W. Gregory Scherban Jessica C. Clarke EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD W. Henry Boom, Cleveland Pedro Cahn, Buenos Aires, Argentina Raymond T. Chung, Boston, Massachusetts Suzanne M. Crowe, Melbourne, Australia Ron Dagan, Beer-Sheva, Israel William E. Dismukes, Birmingham, Alabama Charles Flexner, Baltimore, Maryland Harvey Friedman, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Paul D. Griffiths, London, United Kingdom Richard L. Guerrant, Charlottesville, Virginia Aikichi Iwamoto, Tokyo, Japan Richard A. Kaslow, Birmingham, Alabama Richard A. Koup, Bethesda, Maryland Daniel P. Lew, Geneva, Switzerland Per Ljungman, Stockholm, Sweden Barbara Murray, Houston, Texas William M. Nauseef, Iowa City, Iowa Thomas C. Quinn, Baltimore, Maryland David A. Relman, Palo Alto, California Jack S. Remington, Palo Alto, California Jose I. Santos, Mexico City, Mexico George Saroglou, Athens, Greece Cynthia L. Sears, Baltimore, Maryland Kenneth L. Tyler, Denver, Colorado D. Lorne Tyrell, Edmonton, Canada Serhat Unal, Ankara, Turkey Michael R. Wessels, Boston, Massachusetts Richard J. Whitley, Birmingham, Alabama Patrick Yeni, Paris, France