期刊名称：BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
 期刊简介(About the journal)
投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)
编辑部信息(Editorial Board)
About the journal
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Remit of Biosystems Engineering: research in the physical sciences and engineering to understand, model, process or enhance biological systems for sustainable developments in agriculture, food, land use and the environment.
Topics are broadly classified under the following nine Interest Fields and each paper is allocated to the most appropriate category.
Automation and Emerging Technologies (AE) - intelligent machines; automatic control; navigation systems; image analysis; biosensors; sensor fusion; engineering for biotechnology.
Information Technology and the Human Interface (IT) - communications and field bus protocols; ergonomics; geographical information systems; operational research; biosystem modelling and decision support; machinery management; risk and environmental assessment; operator health and safety; work science.
Precision Agriculture (PA) - agro-meteorology; food, fibre and forage crop production; extra-terrestrial bioproduction; yield, weed and soil mapping; geographical positioning systems; input reduction; integrated pest management.
Power and Machinery (PM) - tillage and earthmoving equipment; machines for the establishment, protection and harvesting of field, protected, and orchard crops; tractors and agricultural vehicles; dynamics, vibration and noise; forest engineering; hydraulics and turbomachinery; clean technology.
Postharvest Technology (PH) - properties of biomaterials; crop drying, processing and storage; opto-electronic size grading; ripeness, quality, damage and disease detection with optical reflectance, nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray tomography; food packaging and processing; food chain integrity and foreign body detection.
Structures and Environment (SE) - design of buildings and control of their environment; livestock housing; dust and odour control; crop stores; horticultural glasshouses and plasticulture; composting and waste treatment; gaseous emissions.
Animal Production Technology (AP) - livestock welfare and ethology; health monitors; robotic milking and shearing; feed handling; animal draught; integrated stock management; stock handling, weighing, transport and slaughter; meat processing.
Soil and Water (SW) - soil structure and properties; soil dynamics in tillage, traction and compaction; soil erosion control; crop water requirements; infiltration and transport processes; irrigation and drainage; hydrology; water resource management; hydroponics and nutrient status.
Rural Development (RD) - renewable energy; pollution control; protection of the rural environment; infrastructure and landscape; sustainability.
Database coverage includes AGRICOLA; Agriculture Engineering Abstracts; ASCA; Bibliography of Agriculture; Current Contents/Agriculture, Biology, and Environmental Sciences; Field Crop Abstracts; Research Alert; and Science Citation Index.
Bibliographic and Ordering Information
For information about conditions of sale, ordering procedures, and links to our regional sales offices, please read through our ordering information.
Year 2004
- Volumes 87-89, 12 issues
- ISSN: 1537-5110
- Institutional price: Order form
- USD 864 for all countries except Europe and Japan
- JPY 105,000 for Japan
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Instructions to Authors
1. General
The Biosystems Engineering contains original papers only and submission of a paper will be taken to imply that no similar paper has been or is being submitted elsewhere. Papers (three copies) should be submitted to Prof. Brian D. Witney, Editor, Biosystems Engineering, Land Technology Ltd., 33 South Barnton Avenue, Edinburgh, EH4 6AN, UK (Tel/Fax: +44(0)131 336 3129; E-mail: landtec@ednet.co.uk). All papers received are acknowledged and given a reference number; please quote this number on all correspondence. Please note that the time taken to referee and edit your paper will be greatly reduced if you follow these instructions carefully.
2. Copyright
Before publication, authors are requested to assign copyright to Silsoe Research Institute to sanction reprints and photocopies. Authors' traditional rights will not be jeopardized as they retain the right to re-use material.
3. Scope of the Journal
The subject matter reflects the wide range and interdisciplinary nature of research in engineering and physics for agriculture. The Editor welcomes papers describing engineering innovations for field crops, horticulture and livestock and those reporting research seeking to understand and model the physical processes underlying agricultural systems. Papers may report the results of experiments, theoretical analyses (including operational research studies), design of, or innovations relating to, machines and mechanization systems, equipment and buildings, experimental equipment, laboratory and analytical techniques and instrumentation. Topics include engineering for agriculture; soil and water engineering; irrigation; irrigation scheduling; soil and water management; power and machinery; animal production technology; advanced engineering in agriculture; emerging technologies in agriculture; precision agriculture; post-harvest technology; post-harvest processing; decision support in agriculture; farm machinery management; rural development; farm mechanisation; agricultural mechanisation; extension in agricultural engineering; physical properties of agricultural and food products; air quality in animal houses; environmental control of livestock buildings; horticultural engineering; greenhouse structures and environment; sustainable agriculture; renewable energy; biomass energy; forest mechanisation; machine vision for agriculture and food processing; mechatronics in agriculture; robotic milking; robotics in agriculture; ergonomics in agriculture; work science in agriculture; gaseous emissions; greenhouse gases and protection of the rural environment.
4. Types of papers
There are three types of paper. The inclusion of figures and tables will reduce the allowable number of words and 250 words should be allowed for each such figure or table.
4.1 Research papers
These are the normal type of paper published and make up the main bulk of the Journal. They should not normally exceed seven Journal pages, that is, about 5500 words.
4.2 Research notes
These enable important findings to be speedily communicated and facilitate the reporting of work not meriting a full length paper. They should not exceed two Journal pages, that is, about 1500 words.
4.3 Review papers
These are intended to be in-depth studies of the state-of-the-art in the chosen subject. They should not normally exceed 10 Journal pages, that is, about 8000 words.
5. Refereeing
All papers are refereed. Usually, two or more referees, who have appropriate knowledge of the subject, are appointed for each paper. They are asked to return papers within 5 weeks of receipt. The Editor collates the referees' reports and adds his own comments. Final decisions on papers are made by the Editor and every effort is made to explain to authors the reason for any adverse decisions. The Editorial Board is grateful to referees for their assistance and seeks to add new referees to the list, mainly from among those who are themselves achieving publication of their own work in the Journal.
6. Preparation of scripts
Papers must be submitted in English, typed in double-line spacing on one side only of A4 paper (210 x 297 mm). You should leave wide margins and number every sheet. Do not underline anything and avoid the use of footnotes in the main text. Three copies of the manuscript are required on first submission, complete with figures and tables. Originals for figures are not required on first submission but they will be required if the paper is accepted (see Section 9.5). Spelling should follow the Oxford English Dictionary. Authors whose native language is not English will find it helpful to seek comments from a native English colleague if possible before submission. All possible help will also be given by the Editor.
7. Arrangement of papers
Your paper should be arranged as follows.
7.1 Title, authors' names, affiliations and addresses.
Please include e-mail addresses where appropriate.
7.2 Abstract.
The Abstract of not more than 200 words should state the problem investigated, outline the methods used and summarize the main conclusions.
7.3 Notation (see also Section 9.3).
7.4 Main body text.
The main body of the text should be divided under suitable headings, numbered to show the hierarchical order. Some or all of the following headings may be appropriate.
1. Introduction. This should explain the problem investigated, review earlier work and state the intentions of the present paper.
2. Literature review. A separate section may be justified for this, depending on length.
3. Theoretical considerations. It may be appropriate to explain or develop a theory to shed light on a problem or to correlate experimental results.
4. Materials and methods or Procedures or Experimental details.
5. Results. These should be presented with reference to appropriate figures and tables. The most appropriate presentations should be chosen and tabulated data should not duplicate that shown graphically.
6. Discussion. This may merit a separate section, although Results and Discussion can sometimes be presented together.
7. Conclusions. Research and Review papers must have this final section but it is optional in Research Notes. Conclusions emerging from the work should be succinctly summarized. These conclusions will have been discussed in the paper and new material must not be introduced at this stage.
7.5 Acknowledgments.
These are optional.
7.6 References (see also Section 9.4).
7.7 Appendices.
It may be appropriate to place detailed mathematical derivations in appendices, rather than in the main body of the text.
7.8 Figure captions.
These should be listed, together with any 'key' information necessary to aid interpretation.
7.9 Tables.
Each table must be placed on a separate sheet and numbered consecutively throughout the text (with Arabic numerals), and referred to as Table 1, Table 2, etc. There must be a caption at the top of each table.
7.10 Figures.
Each figure must be placed on a separate sheet and numbered consecutively throughout the paper, being referred to in the text as Figure 1, Figure 2, etc. Figure captions should be placed beneath each figure and should also be listed on a separate sheet as given in 7.8 (see also Section 9.5).
9. Style of text
9.1 Headings
The title of the paper should be as short as possible and all principal words should have an initial capital letter. All section headings, table headings and figure captions should have an initial capital letter for the first word of each expression only, while all other words, with the exception of proper names, should be lower case letters throughout. There should be no stop at the end of any title, heading or caption. Units in table headings and in captions and legends on figures should follow the expression after a comma, not in parentheses, e.g. Max. output, kW.
9.2 Units, symbols and abbreviations
System International (SI) Units must be used. Some common abbreviations and symbols are given below. More detailed information can be found in the following publications.
1. British Standards Institution. Specification for SI units and recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other units. BS 5555:1981 (identical with International Standard ISO 1000-1981).
2. British Standards Institution. Specification for quantities, units and symbols. Part 0: General principles. BS 5775:Part 0:1982 (identical with International Standard ISO 31/0-1981). (For more detailed recommendations in the various fields of science and technology, see also BS 5775: Parts 1 to 13:1979 onwards. This is identical with International Standard ISO 31/1 to 13:1978 onwards.)
Some basic rules of the British Standard should particularly be noted. Units should be printed in roman (upright) type and remain unaltered in the plural. There should be a space between the numerical value and the unit symbol. The solidus is used to denote per e.g. m/s. In the case of more than two units, the solidus may be used as in kg/m s2 or the same quantity may be expressed by negative indices as kg m-1 s-2. More than one solidus should never be used in one quantity. Care must be taken with compound units. mN means millinewton, not metre newton. Newton metre can be written as N m and also without a space as Nm because N, unlike m, cannot be mistaken for a prefix.
9.3 Mathematical symbols
Symbols should be kept as simple as possible and all symbols used must be defined. Where many symbols are used in a paper, they should be listed in an unnumbered section headed "Notation". The printer will place this in a convenient location. In addition, it is helpful to define each symbol as it is used for the first time. Greek letters and mathematical symbols should be inserted clearly, if necessary by hand, and distinguished by name in the margin where this is necessary. Particular care should be taken to ensure that the relative position of letters and numerals is quite clear. This applies particularly to equations, subscripts, exponents and indices. Mathematical symbols should be printed in italics, since this helps to distinguish them from units, which are printed in upright form.
9.4 References
References in the text should be in the format of surnames of authors followed by the year of publication of the appropriate reference, separated by a comma and in parentheses. The artifice "Leading author et al." should be used in the text for multiple authorship papers, where there are more than two authors. At the end of the paper, there should be a section headed "References" in which the full references should be given, listed in alphabetical order. Each reference should give the names of all authors (or, if anonymous, the name of the organisation), the year of publication, the title in the original language (and a translation into English), publication title (in full, not abbreviated), volume (in bold) and issue number, and pages, in that order. Some examples of references are given below.
In the text: "Previous work has shown (McGechan & Wu, 1998; Toda et al., 1999; Witney, 1995) ..."
In the reference list (to journals):
McGechan M B; Wu L (1998). Environmental and economic implications of some slurry management options. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 71(3), 273-283
McGechan M B; Lewis D R (2000). Water course pollution due to surface runoff following slurry spreading, part 2: decision support to minimise pollution. Biosystems Engineering
In the reference list (to books):
Witney B (1995). Choosing and Using Farm Machines. Land Technology, Edinburgh
9.5 Figures (on first submission)
All illustrations, whether line drawings, graphs or photographs, are presented as figures and are given a figure number (e.g. Figure 1) in ascending numerical order as reference is first made to each in the text. Captions should be placed beneath the figure and a separate list should also be provided. Any key information necessary for understanding of the figure, without reference to the text, should be placed beneath the figure caption. Legends on diagrams and graphs should be given in lower case letters with an initial capital for the first word. For purposes of refereeing, figures should be complete with all legends and captions. Please note that figures and graphs prepared by computers and graph plotters generally need to be improved for papers to ensure that ordinates have convenient integer intervals, lines of adequate thickness and distinctive symbols.
9.6 Figures (on acceptance)
When the paper is accepted for publication, line drawings without lettering will be required. The publisher will insert the lettering to maintain a common style but it greatly helps if the figures provided for guidance (as for refereeing) are in the required style. Line drawings, should preferably be in Indian ink on tracing paper, Bristol board or feintly lined graph paper but without numerals and letters. They should be numbered in soft pencil for ready identification with the complete figures attached to the paper. A full-plate print of each photograph should be supplied, where possible, but smaller prints may be acceptable, especially where several are mounted together. They should be prints of clarity, without excessive contrast. The title of the paper and figure number should be clearly written in soft pencil on the back of each illustration and the top edge should be indicated.
9.7 Footnotes
These are not used in relation to the main text but may be used in tables.
9.8 Roman numerals
These are best avoided or used sparingly where Arabic numerals or lower case letters [e.g. (a), (b) etc.] would not conveniently give the distinction required.
9.9 Abbreviations (see list)
These are useful where space is limited as in table headings and on figures but should be used sparingly in the text, unless commonly accepted (e.g. the use of a.c. for alternating current, m.c.d.b. for moisture content, dry basis and p.t.o. for power take-off).
Style Checklist
10. Manuscript submission on disc
When you supply the final version of your paper, that is, after making all necessary revisions, please include, where possible, a disc of your manuscript prepared on PC-compatible or Apple Macintosh computers along with the hard copy as specified in earlier sections of these instructions. Discs of size 3.5 inch and 5.25 inch are acceptable, as are most word processing packages, although any version of WordPerfect and Microsoft Word are preferred. Please observe the following guidelines carefully.
(a) Include an ASCII version on the disc, together with the word processed version if possible.
(b) Ensure that the files are not saved as read only.
(c) Ensure that the final version of the hard copy and the file on the disc are the same. It is the authors' responsibility to ensure complete compatibility. If there are differences, the hard copy will be used.
(d) The directives for preparing the paper in the style of the Journal as set out in earlier sections of these instructions must be followed. In line with Section 7, the document must be in the following order: Title, Authors, Addresses, Abstract, Notation, Introduction, Materials and methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusions, Acknowledgements, References, Appendices, Figure captions, Tables. Figure captions and tables should be keyed and saved in a separate file from the main text of the manuscript.
(e) Authors illustrations should also, where possible, be supplied as both hard copy and electronic files. Figures drawn using Aldus Freehand (Apple Macintosh) and saved as Encapsulated PostScript files (EPS) are preferred and should be supplied on a separate disc.
(f) The operating system and the word processing software used to produce the paper should be noted on the disc (DOS/WordPerfect), as well as all file names. If UNIX, the method extraction should also be noted.
(g) The disc/tape should be labelled with the paper reference number, author name(s), hardware and software used to generate the disc file. Package floppy discs in such a way as to avoid possible damage in the post.
(h) Do not include copyright material e.g. word processing software or operating system files, on the disc because this can create difficulties with Customs clearance.
(i) The following detailed points should be observed. Use two carriage returns to end headings and paragraphs. Type text without end of line justification hyphenation, except for compound words. Do not use lower case "l" for "1" or "0" for "O", because they have different typesetting values. Distinguish between opening and closing quotes. Be consistent with punctuation and only insert a single space between words and after punctuation. Distinguish between hyphens between words (-), dashes in ranges of numbers, (-) and parenthetical dashes (-). Please advise on any special characters used such as Greek letters and mark them on the manuscript.
11. Proprietary products
In general, it is not desirable to give the names of products, instruments and equipment, model designations or the names of, their manufacturers; exceptions may be allowed, where detailed descriptions can be avoided by indicating the make etc., or where considerations of accuracy and precision make it desirable that the particular product should be known. Mention of any proprietary product in this way implies no endorsement by this Journal.
12. Proofs
The publisher provides page proofs for checking. These proofs, clearly marked with the corrections, should be returned to the Publisher, with the minimum of delay.
13. Reprints
A total of 50 reprints will be supplied free of charge. Additional copies may be purchased from the publisher by means of an order form which will be sent with the proofs and should be returned with them.
Editorial Board
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Editor and Chairman of Editorial Board:
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B.D. Witney, Land Technology Ltd., Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Editorial Board:
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J. de Baerdemaeker, Department of Agro-Engineering and Economics, Katholiek Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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P.A. Berbert, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuarias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense
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W. Day, Silsoe Research Institute, Bedford, United Kingdom
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E. Gasparetto, Instituto di Ingegneria Agraria, Universita degli studi Milano, Italy
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R.J. Godwin, Institute of AgriTechnology, Cranfield University, United Kingdom
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J.C. Jofriet, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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H.D. Kutzbach, Institut für Agrartechnik, Universität Hohenheim, Stüttgart, Germany
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B.L. Maheshwari, University of Western Sydnety, School of Environment & Agriculture, Hawkesbury Campus, Penrith South DC NSW 1797, Australia
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J. Martinez, Livestock and Municipal Waste Management Research Unit, Cemagref, Rennes, France
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M.B. McGechan, Land Management Department, Scottish Agricultural College, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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W. Meier, Swiss Federal Research Station for Agricultural Economics and Engineering, Tanikon, Switzerland
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P.C.H. Miller, Silsoe Research Institute, Bedford, United Kingdom
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E. Molto, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Spain
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M. Nemenyi, Institute of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Engineering, University of West Hungary, Mosonmagyarovar, Hungary
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C. Nilsson, Department of Agricultural Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University fo Agricultrual Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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h.c.K.Th. Renius, Lehrstuhl fur Landmaschinen LTM, Technische Universitat Munchen, Germany
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J. Schrottmaier, Austrain Federal Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wieselberg, Austria
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I. Seginer, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Y. Seo, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, University of Tokyo, Japan
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K.J. Shinners, Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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N. Sigrimis, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
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G. Singh, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India
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R.J. Smith, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Australia
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L. Speelman, Department of Agricultural Engineering and Physics, Wageningen Agrucultural University, the Netherlands
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C.J. Studman, Institute of Technology and Engineering, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand |
Prof. Brian D. Witney, Editor, Biosystems Engineering, Land Technology Ltd., 33 South Barnton Avenue, Edinburgh, EH4 6AN, UK (Tel/Fax: +44(0)131 336 3129; E-mail: landtec@ednet.co.uk).
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