期刊名称：ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES
 期刊简介(About the journal)
投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)
编辑部信息(Editorial Board)
About the journal
Begun in 1895 by George E. Hale and James E. Keeler, The Astrophysical Journal is the foremost research journal in the world devoted to recent developments, discoveries, and theories in astronomy and astrophysics. Many of the classic discoveries of the twentieth century have first been reported in the Journal, which has also presented much of the important recent work on quasars, pulsars, neutron stars, black holes, solar and stellar magnetic fields, X-rays, and interstellar matter. In addition, videos that complement specific issues are periodically available.
The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series has been published since 1953 in conjunction with The Astrophysical Journal. Designed to bring substantial, extensive support to the material found in the Journal, the Supplement Series contains many of the most frequently cited papers in astronomical literature.
Frequency:
Journal: three issues/month. Volume 564 begins January 2002. ISSN (print): 0004-637X. ISSN (electronic): 1538-4357. 500 pages/issue;
Supplement: monthly. (Six volumes/year.) Volume 138 begins January 2002. ISSN (print): 0067-0049. ISSN (electronic): 1538-4365. 280 pages/issue.
Instructions to Authors
How to Prepare Your Manuscript
General
Authors are strongly encouraged to prepare their manuscripts using the most recent version of the AASTeX macro package, and to submit them electronically. The AJ also accepts papers submitted using Microsoft Word or Rich Text Format (RTF) while the ApJ (Part 1, Part 2, and the Supplement Series) will accept Microsoft Word.
Detailed guidelines on the preparation of papers using AASTeX and Word are available.
The preferred format for graphics is vector Encapsulated PostScript (EPS); further information on figures and detailed guidelines are available.
Style
Papers must be written in English. Authors who are unfamiliar with English should obtain help from colleagues proficient in that language. While a polished literary style is not demanded of scientific papers, they should conform to the elementary rules of grammar, syntax, punctuation, and clarity. Slang and jargon should be avoided.
Observance of the following guidelines will prevent some common errors:
- All tables and figures must be mentioned explicitly by number and appear in correct numerical order in the body of the text. That is, Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4 must each be mentioned in the text at least once, and the first mention of Table 3 should not precede the first mention of Table 2.
- The reference list and text citations should agree and be accurate. All references cited in the text must appear in the reference list, and all references listed in the reference list must be cited in the text.
- Acronyms and abbreviations should be spelled out the first time they are used unless they are common throughout the discipline. Terms defined in the abstract should be defined independently in the main text.
- Symbols for chemical elements are in normal type, not italics. The mass number precedes the symbol, e.g., 12C. Roman numeral designations for spectra of ions are given in small capitals and preceded by a space, e.g., H II.
- Standard three-letter abbreviations are preferred for constellation names (e.g., Cep, UMa; for a full list, see the IAU website. Object names and acronyms are spelled out in full in titles.
- Use standard abbreviations for SI (e.g., m, km, mm) and natural units (e.g., AU, pc, cm). If English units such as inches or pounds per square inch are used, metric equivalents should follow in parentheses.
- Expressions of rate, such as kilometers per second, ergs per meter, etc., are set as, e.g., km s-1, erg m-1, not km/s, erg/m. In tables, units should be specified in column or row heads, or explained in a footnote to the table, not given with each individual value in the table body (see sample table).
- Right ascension and declination in text and equations are given in the form: 3h25m8s.15,90¡ã26'14 5".
- Dates are written in the order: year, month, and day; e.g., 1996 January 1. In tables, use three-letter abbreviations for months, without a period. Universal time designations are written 22:37:48 ¨C 22:37:52.5 UT (for hours, minutes, seconds).
- Avoid beginning sentences with a symbol, number, or lower-case letter.
- The word "data" is plural and takes a plural verb.
- Closing quotation marks follow periods and commas but precede colons and semicolons.
- In series of three or more items, include a comma before the final item, e.g., "space, time, and matter."
- The AJ and the ApJ follow American usage of "that" to introduce restrictive clauses, "which" for non-restrictive clauses, and observe generally conservative grammar conventions throughout.
Nomenclature
If your paper lists objects that are newly discovered, the IAU Commission 5, through its Task Group on Designations, requests that such objects be designated according to the IAU Recommendations for Nomenclature. The proper procedure is to design a name according to IAU rules and then to register it with the commission before the paper is published. Please be sure that any object that might have been named in the past is not now given a new, redundant, name.
Structure of a Manuscript
Your manuscript should consist of the following elements:
- Title page
- Abstract and subject key words
- Text
- Acknowledgments
- Appendices (if any)
- References
- Figures with figure legends (if any)
- Tables (if any)
Title Page
This should include the following items:
- The title of the paper.
- A short title (not more than 44 characters) to be used as the running head.
- Name(s) of the author(s), with correct capitalization and diacritical marks. If first and middle names and/or initials are used consistently from paper to paper, all the works by an author will be listed together in the Index.
- One complete postal address for each author, including zip or country code. A current e-mail address, if available, should be provided for the corresponding author. Affiliations can be listed either under authors' names or in footnotes.
- Footnotes to the title and to authors' names other than those described in item 4 above.
Abstract
The abstract should summarize concisely the content and conclusions of the paper. The abstract should be a single paragraph of generally not more than 300 words (note there is a limit of 250 words for the ApJL), and should not contain reference citations.
Subject Key Words
A maximum of six subject key words ¨C see list ¨C should be listed, in alphabetical order, after the abstract.
Text
Section Headings
Sections should be numbered with Arabic numerals. Subsections (second-level headings) should be numbered 1.1., 1.2., 1.3., etc. Third- and fourth-level headings should be numbered, e.g., 1.2.1. and 1.2.1.1., respectively. First-level titles (e.g., ¡ì1) and Appendix titles should all be in capital letters; second-, third-, and fourth-level (e.g., ¡ì1.1, ¡ì1.1.1., ¡ì1.1.1.1.) titles should capitalize only the first letter of each word, except for articles, conjunctions, and prepositions.
Footnotes
Extensive use of footnotes is discouraged. Footnotes should be confined to providing URLs, affiliations, or other truly peripheral information, and should not be used for discussions of or expansions on the text.
Text footnotes should be numbered consecutively, starting with those on the title page.
Footnotes to tables should be designated by lower-case letters, in alphabetical order, starting with "a" in each table (see sample table). Each table should have its own complete set of footnotes, even if some or all of the footnotes are repeated in later tables.
Acknowledgments
At the end of the paper individuals, institutions, or funding agencies may be acknowledged. Authors may also acknowledge the referee(s) if they wish. However, it is not appropriate to acknowledge journal staff.
Mathematics
Numbering
For convenience of citation of equations, authors are encouraged to number all displayed equations. Plain sequential numbering through the manuscript is preferred, with Appendix equations numbered as, e.g., (A79), or starting a new sequence with (A1).
Equations should not be referred to by their numbers alone; e.g., say "substituting in equation (45)" rather than "substituting in (45)."
Notation
Authors should ensure that mathematical notation is clear, distinct, and consistent throughout the manuscript. Care should be taken to distinguish between l (el) and 1 (one); O (capital oh), o (lower-case oh), and 0 (zero);  (epsilon), ¦Å (curly epsilon), and  (the symbol for set membership); v (italic vee) and ¦Í (Greek nu); k (italic kay) and ¦Ê (Greek kappa); and ¦Õ (Greek phi) and  (the symbol for the empty set).
Multiplication
Explicit multiplication signs (dots or crosses), except for scientific notation, grids, vector operators, and when a multiplication wraps to a following line, are omitted.
Vectors
Vectors are normally distinguished by bold italic type (e.g., B); arrows over symbols are not used to denote vectors. Vector operations and operators (e.g., ¡Á, ¡¤, ∇) are also set bold. Multi-dimensional vectors (n-vectors) are generally set italic (not bold). Tensors may be set bold non-italic if it is necessary to distinguish them from vectors. If you have certain mathematical conventions that you wish to be observed in the typesetting of your paper (such as distinct fonts to distinguish 3- and 4-vectors, tensors, vector components, etc.), please alert the copyeditor to these in an accompanying note or comment.
Symbol Fonts
If other fonts are needed to distinguish functions or other operators from italic (R), script (calligraphic) characters ( ) are preferred; blackboard ( ), sans serif (R), and Fraktur ( ) should be avoided if possible. Named functions or numbers are preferably designated by two-letter abbreviations, e.g., Ra for Raleigh number.
Scientific Notation
Values given in scientific notation should be expressed with a multiplication sign preceding the power of 10 (e.g., 3.4¡Á10-18); in tables only, to conserve space, the form 3.4E-18 may be used.
Subscripts and Superscripts
These will be set aligned unless an order of subscripts and superscripts is explicitly requested by the author in a note accompanying the manuscript. If a specific sequence of subscripts and superscripts is required, e.g., Rhijk or Rjkhi, authors should indicate the correct sequence by a comment in the electronic file at the first occurrence.
Single-letter subscripts and indexes referring to variables are conventionally set in italic, but subscripts standing for proper names (E for Einstein), chemical elements (H), or abbreviations of words with two or more letters (eff) are set in roman.
Fractions
Stacked fractions are not permitted in the body of the text or in superscripts: e.g., inline and superscript fractions should be set as dt /ds, not  . Authors should take care that numerators and denominators of inline fractions are delimited clearly to avoid any possible ambiguity (i.e., write [(log Tsq )]/r or log[(Ts)q /r], not log Tsq /r). In displayed equations, fractions are limited to two levels, i.e.,
is correct, not
 .
Punctuation
Equations are read as part of the flow of a sentence and are punctuated as such.
References
Citations in Text
References should be cited in text by the last name of the author(s) and the date of publication (Hale 1929). There is no comma before the date. For papers with two authors, join author names with an ampersand (Press & Rybicki 1992). Papers by three or more authors are cited by the first author followed by et al. and the date (Goodman et al. 2003).
References are given in parentheses unless the author's name is part of the sentence, e.g., "the ¦Ò-model (Smoot et al. 1992)" but "according to Smoot et al. (1992)." If a parenthetical citation cites two or more papers, separate them by a semicolon: (Vittorio & Turner 1987; Peebles 1993). If two or more papers by the same author(s) is/are cited together, the author(s) is listed just once, with the dates of the papers following, separated by commas: (Peebles 1982, 1993, 1995). To distinguish papers by the same author(s) published in the same year, append a, b, c, etc., to the date: e.g., Paczynski (1995a, 1995b).
Reference List
Format
All sources cited in the text and tables must appear in the reference list at the end of the paper, and all entries in the reference list must be cited in the text. Reference entries should be ordered alphabetically, starting with the last name of the first author, followed by the first author's initial(s), and so on for each additional author. For papers with more than eight authors, the last name and initials of the first author only should be listed, followed by a comma and "et al." References listed as "et al." are grouped together and last, as if the second author started with "z"; they are not alphabetized by the name of the actual second author. Multiple entries for one author or one group of authors should be ordered chronologically, and multiple entries for the same year should be distinguished by appending sequential lower-case letters to the year, even if the author groups are not identical: e.g., Smith, E., Rowe, T., & Jones, A. B. 1999a; Smith, A. B., Thomas, J. R., & Peebles, P. J. E. 1999b; Smith et al. 1999c (because all will appear as "Smith et al. 1999" in the text).
Citation of Electronic Sources
Electronic catalogs, databases, observers' guides, instrument documentation, electronic conference proceedings, electronic journals, and other stable (non-changing) documents available online should be listed in the reference list in the same manner as other references. These should give the author(s) or authoring agency, title of the document, location and name of the hosting organization (e.g., Pasadena, CA: JPL), version consulted if any, page or document number if any, and the URL (see examples below). References in this class include databases, manuals, conference proceedings, and similar documents, but not general informational sites for instruments or projects, sites for downloading computer code, or papers posted on personal web pages. Citations of electronic journals should follow normal journal format, omitting page number if none are used, followed by the URL. See below for examples.
Note that URLs for all other electronic resources, such as personal web pages, general informational sites for organizations, telescopes, surveys, projects, proposals, sites for uploading computer or mathematical code, and other sites whose content regularly changes, should be given in a footnote at first mention in the text, but not listed in the reference list.
Unpublished Material
References to papers in preparation, preprints, or other sources generally not available to readers should be avoided if possible. If no published form is available, preprints may be listed in the reference list. Private communications, unpublished works, and papers in preparation should be cited only in the run of text, giving authors' initials and the year if completion is imminent, e.g., F. Carlon et al. (2004, in preparation).
Examples
Examples are given here of some of the most common citation formats.
Journal Paper
Mart¨ªn, E. L., Rebolo, R., & Zapatero Osorio, M. R. 1996, ApJ, 469, 706
Book
Donat, W., III, & Boksenberg, A. J. 1993, The Astronomical Almanac for the Year 1994, Vol. 2 (2nd ed.; Washington, DC: GPO)
Where specific pages of a book are cited, these should be given at the text citation, not in the reference list.
Paper or Chapter in an Edited Collection
Huchra, J. P. 1986, in Inner Space/Outer Space, ed. E. W. Kolb et al. (Chicago, IL: Univ. Chicago Press), 65
Conference Proceedings
Salpeter, E. E., & Wasserman, I. M. 1993, in ASP Conf. Ser. 36, Planets around Pulsars, ed. J. A. Phillips, S. E. Thorsett, & S. R. Kulkarni (San Francisco, CA: ASP), 345
Electronic Conference Proceedings (published only online)
Gomez, M. 2000, in Cosmology 2000, ed. M.C. Bento, O. Bertolami, & L. Teodoro (Lisbon: Inst. Superio Tecnico), 57, http://alfa.ist.utl.pt/~bento/cosmo2000/proc/proceedings.html
Star Catalogs
Hoffleit, D. 1982, The Bright Star Catalogue (New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Obs.)
Electronic Newsletters (published only online)
Hermoso, D. 1996, ESA IUE Electron. Newsl. 46, http://www.vilspa.esa.es/iue/nl/newsl_46.html
Bersier, D., et al. 2004, GCN Circ. 2544, http://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/gcn/gcn3/2544.gcn3
Instrument Documentation
Gussenhoven, M. S., Mullen, E. G., & Sagalyn, R. C. 1985, CRRES/SPACERAD Instrument Description, Document AFGL-TR-85-0017 (Hanscom, MA: Air Force Geophys. Lab.)
Spitzer Science Center. 2004, Spitzer Observers' Manual (Pasadena, CA: SSC), http://sirtf.caltech.edu/SSC/obs/
Preprints
Smith, A. B. 1999, arXiv:astro-ph/9812345 (style for preprints before April 2007)
Smith, A. B. 2007, arXiv:0702.1234 (style for preprints after April 2007)
Lockwood, G. W., & Skiff, B. A. 1988, Air Force Geophys. Lab. preprint (AFGL-TR-88-0221)
References to preprints are acceptable only for papers not yet in print. For papers that have been accepted but are not yet in print, the preprint number may be given at the end of a reference submitted or in press (i.e., Smith, A. B. 1999, AJ, in press (arXiv:astro-ph/9912345)).
Papers Submitted or In Press
Wolk, S. J., & Walter, F. M. 1999, AJ, submitted
Wolk, S. J., & Walter, F. M. 1999, AJ, in press
"Submitted" should be used for manuscripts not yet accepted for publication, and "in press" for manuscripts accepted but not yet published.
Instructions to Authors
0067-0049.pdf
Editorial Board
Editorial board
ETHAN T. VISHNIAC
Editor-in-Chief
McMaster University
apjetv@mcmaster.ca
W. BUTLER BURTON
Associate Editor-in-Chief
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
bburton@nrao.edu
Scientific Editors
Brian Chaboyer
Dartmouth College
Department of Physics & Astronomy
Hanover, NH 03755
USA
apj@heather.dartmouth.edu
Leon Golub
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
60 Garden Street
Cambridge, MA 02138
USA
lgolub@cfa.harvard.edu
John S. Mulchaey
The Carnegie Observatories
813 Santa Barbara Street
Pasadena, CA 91101
USA
apj@ociw.edu
Steven Robert Federman
University of Toledo
Department of Physics & Astronomy
Toledo, OH 43606
USA
steven.federman@utoledo.edu
Richard de Grijs
The University of Sheffield
Department of Physics & Astronomy
Sheffield, S3 7RH
United Kingdom
apjse@sheffield.ac.uk
Judith L. Pipher
University of Rochester
Department of Physics & Astronomy
Rochester, NY 14627
USA
apjse@pas.rochester.edu
Eric D. Feigelson
Pennsylvania State University
Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics
University Park, PA 16802
USA
apjedf@astro.psu.edu
Dieter H. Hartmann
Clemson University
Department of Physics & Astronomy
Clemson, SC 29634
USA
hdieter@clemson.edu
Frederic A. Rasio
Northwestern University
Department of Physics & Astronomy
Evanston, IL 60208
USA
rasio@northwestern.edu
Katia Ferriere
Universit¨¦ Paul Sabatier
Observatoire Midi-Pyr¨¦n¨¦es
31400 Toulouse
France
apj@ast.obs-mip.fr
Steven Kawaler
Iowa State University
Department of Physics & Astronomy
Ames, IA 50011
USA
apj@iastate.edu
Luigi Stella
Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
Monteporzio Catone
I-00040 Roma
Italy
apjse@mporzio.astro.it
Brad Gibson
University of Central Lancashire
Centre for Astrophysics
Preston, PR1 2HE
United Kingdom
bkgibson@uclan.ac.uk
Ari Laor
Technion
Department of Physics
Haifa, 32000
Israel
apjse@physics.technion.ac.il
Joan M. Wrobel
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Socorro, NM 87801
USA
apjjmw@nrao.edu
Sarah Gibson
National Center for Atmospheric Research
3080 Center Green
Boulder, CO 80301
USA
apjseg@hao.ucar.edu
Chung-Pei Ma
University of California at Berkeley
Department of Astronomy
Berkeley, CA 94720
USA
apj@astro.berkeley.edu
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刊名字顺( Alphabetical List of Journals):
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