Note to Authors: On-line submission of manuscripts is now available at our AllenTrack site. On-line submission is encouraged but optional until January 1, 2004. After that date, only on-line submissions will be considered for review and publication. All of the permissions required in the paper submission process below are now built into the on-line submission process.
Paper Manuscript Submission:
The journal publishes regular articles, short communications, minireviews, meeting reviews, reflections, perspectives and letters to the Editor. Minireviews, meeting reviews, reflections and perspectives must be discussed with the Editor-in-Chief prior to preparation. Regular articles and short communications must be accompanied by a letter of transmittal stating that the manuscript is not under review for publication elsewhere and that the data have not been published previously. Any personal communications contained in manuscripts must be accompanied by letters of permission unless they are from the authors' laboratories. By signing the letter of transmittal, the corresponding author certifies that all coauthors have read the manuscript and agree to its submission. Authors may suggest up to four names of reviewers, including complete mailing addresses, phone and fax numbers.
Manuscripts involving recombinant DNA, humans and animals should be submitted only if the research protocols have been approved where required by the appropriate institutional committees.
Accepted manuscripts containing new nucleotide sequences must have a database accession number by the page proof stage. Sequence data should be submitted to GenBank Submissions, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA; Tel: (+1) 301 496-2475. Submission to GenBank also assures entry into the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Library.
Manuscripts may be submitted for review as either PDF files transmitted to the editorial office or as printed manuscripts. When authors submit printed mansucripts, the original manuscript with publication quality figures and two high quality copies are required. Authors of manuscripts accepted for publication will be instructed to provide the accepted manuscript electronically. A variety of media in either IBM or Macintosh format are acceptable including diskettes, CD-ROM, and 100MB Zip disks. Submit manuscripts to (manuscripts may also be submitted directly to the Regional Editors):
Lawrence E. Hightower, Editor-in-Chief
Cell Stress & Chaperones
Dept. of Molecular & Cell Biology
The University of Connecticut
91 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3125, USA
Tel: (+1) 860 486 4257, Fax: (+1) 860 486 5709
E-mail: lawrence.hightower@uconn.edu
Submission of final version on digital media
We require submission of the final version of your article on digital media which can be a diskette, CD-ROM or 100MB Zip disk in either IBM or Macintosh format. We require two hard copies (along with tables and illustrations) of the final version. Hard copy and disk must match exactly, as the manuscript may be used to set your paper if setting from disk proves impracticable. Please ensure that all sections of your article are in a single file in the order set out in the section on 'Preparation of manuscripts' and with references in the correct style. Figure captions should appear on the disk as well. Figures will be handled separately and should be supplied as hard copies on separate sheets; include duplicate copies on disk only if they can be supplied as EPS files. Tables, with their captions, and figure legends should be supplied on disk in a separate file. SEE BELOW FOR MORE DETAILS ON DIGITAL ART SPECIFICATIONS.
Review Process
Manuscripts are assigned to a monitoring editor. Two independent reviews are obtained and, using these reviews, the monitoring editor makes a recommendation to the Editor-in-Chief to accept, revise or reject the manuscript. An editorial decision on the manuscript is sent to the corresponding author by the Editor-in-Chief within 8 weeks of submission.
Publication
Four issues are published in each year. Page charges will be levied for publication in the journal. Color plates will be produced at the author's expense. Reprints will be provided at the rates stated on the official form, which must accompany the corrected proofs.
Copyright
In order for us to ensure maximum dissemination and copyright protection of material published in the Journal, copyright must be explicitly transferred from author to publisher. Copies of this agreement will be sent with page proofs to the principal author, who must sign on behalf of all the authors before any paper can be published. No limitation will be put on the authors' personal freedom to use material contained in the paper without requesting permission, provided acknowledgement is made to the Journal as the original source of publication. Written permission to reproduce borrowed material must be obtained from the original publishers and authors, and submitted with the typescript. Borrowed material should be acknowledged in the captions in this style `Reproduced by the kind permission of (publishers) from (reference)'.
Preparation of manuscripts
Manuscripts should be in grammatically correct English and typed in letter quality (dot matrix print is not acceptable) on bond paper. All pages of the manuscript should be numbered and double-spaced. Table pages and figure captions should also be double-spaced.
Regular articles
Assemble the manuscript in the following order: Title Page, Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgements, References, Tables and Figure Legends.
Subtitles may be used within sections. The Title Page should include the authors' full names and affiliations, a running title of fewer than 60 characters and spaces, the name of the corresponding author along with phone, fax and E-mail information, and the name of the author to whom reprint requests should be sent, if different from the corresponding author. The Abstract should be one paragraph in length and include a statement of the problem or hypothesis tested, experimental approaches used, and major conclusions. Literature may not be cited, and figures and tables may not be called out or presented. The Introduction should provide sufficient background information to make the paper understandable to colleagues from a broad range of biological disciplines. The Materials and Methods should be complete enough to allow experiments to be reproduced and references to previously published methods should be used where possible. Methods in general use need not be described in detail. The Results should carefully describe the data and any experimental limitations. Discussion, speculation and detailed interpretation of data should not be included in the Results but should be put into the Discussion section. The Acknowledgments should include all sources of financial support for the research reported. Remove # or No. before grant numbers. The word "acknowledgment" should be made singular or plural depending on how many entities are thanked.
References
References should be cited in the text by author's name and date. Use the first author and et al if there are more than two authors. Arrange multiple references appearing in the same in-text citation from earliest to most recent. To distinguish more than one reference by the same author(s) in one year, use 1995a, 1995b, for example. The final reference list should be alphabetized and contain only articles published or accepted for publication. An author alone precedes an author with coauthors. When there are more than 8 authors, use et al after listing the first three names. Journal title abbreviations should follow those used in Serial Sources for the Biosis Data Base (BioSciences Information Service, Philadelphia, PA).
An example of the correct form of in-text citations using two references:
(Hightower et al 1994; Ryan and Hightower 1994).
The listings in the References would be:
Hightower LE, Sadis SE, Takenaka IM. 1994. Interactions of vertebrate Hsc70 and Hsp70 with unfolded proteins and peptides. In: The Biology of Heat Shock Proteins and Molecular Chaperones, ed Morimoto RI, Tissieres A, Georgopoulos C. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, NY, 197-207.
Ryan JA, Hightower LE. 1994. Evaluation of heavy-metal ion toxicity in fish cells using a combined stress protein and cytotoxicity assay. Environ Toxicol Chem 13: 1231-1240.
Tables
A table should be understandable without reading the text of the manuscript. Double-space tables on separate sheets. Do not use vertical lines and label each table on the top with an Arabic numeral (Table 1) followed by a title. Place units of measurement at the heads of the columns and place explanatory material and footnotes below the table.
Figure legends
Type figure legends in numerical order on a separate sheet. Use Arabic numerals to designate figures and upper case letters for their parts (Fig 1A). Begin each legend with a title and include sufficient description so that the figure is understandable without reading the text of the manuscript.
Short Communications
Short Communications are limited to a maximum of three figures and one table. They should present a complete study that is more limited in scope than is found in full-length papers. They are not designed for presentation of preliminary or fragmentary data. The items of manuscript preparation listed above apply to Short Communications with the following differences: (1) Abstracts are limited to 150 words; (2) instead of a separate Materials and Methods section, experimental procedures should be incorporated into Figure Legends and Table footnotes; (3) Results and Discussion may be combined into a single section.
Preparation of figures
High quality presentation of data is emphasized in the Journal. All prints must labeled on the back with the figure number, author's name, and an arrow pointing to the top edge of the print. Line drawings, photographs of gels, and halftone photographs should be prepared to withstand reduction to one of three widths in the journal: 84 mm (single column), 90 mm (single column plus margin) or 172 mm (double column). Computer-generated graphics must be printed using a laser-quality printer. The minimum sizes of numbers and upper case letters after reduction to one column width should be 2 mm high, and symbols should be at least 1 mm high and three times the line width. Avoid using non-standard symbols. An excellent method to check the legibility of drawings is to reduce them to a single column width using a reducing photocopier. Photographs of gels may be printed one or two columns wide depending on the number of gel lanes and the lettering must be able to withstand the appropriate reductions. Avoid labeling which creates large blank spaces around gel lanes. Halftone photographs should be submitted at the reproduction size desired or instructions should be provided. Micrographs or groups of micrographs must contain either scale boards or include the magnifications in the legends. Lettering should be placed on the halftone prints rather than outside the print borders and the surfaces protected with a tracing paper overlay. They should be cropped so that only the relevant images are shown. Multiple halftones should be mounted with no more than 3 mm of space separating the prints. SEE BELOW FOR MORE DETAILS ON DIGITAL ART SPECIFICATIONS.
Conventions
Stress protein nomenclature
No uniform system of naming stress proteins and genes has been adopted but several helpful conventions are in broad use. Some designations are linked historically to the induction conditions such as heat shock protein (Hsp) and glucose-regulated protein (Grp), which are followed by the estimated molecular mass of the protein rounded to the nearest 10 kDa, eg Hsp70. Use fully capitalized names to denote an entire protein family, eg HSP70. The gene encoding Hsp70 is designated hsp70. Where possible, the inducible members of a stress protein family such as Hsp70 should be distinguished from constitutively expressed or cognate members such as Hsc70. A nomenclature introduced for yeast recognizes the more general nature of stress responses and uses designations like Ssa1p (stress seventy complementation group A protein 1) and ssa1 for the corresponding gene. The terms used should conform to the accepted rules of genetic and organismal nomenclature for the particular biological system. For example, E. coli Hsp70 is commonly called DnaK and the gene encoding it is in dnaK. Gene names recommended by the HUGO Nomenclature Committee can be used as well.
Not all heat shock and stress proteins are molecular chaperones. Among molecular chaperones, the term chaperonin (Cpn) is currently used for two groups of proteins: (1) the GroE subclass in eubacteria, mitochondria, and plastids such as chloroplasts; (2) the TCP-1 subclass of archaebacteria and eukaryotic cytoplasms. The designation Cpn as in Cpn60 is preferred over Hsp60, for example, since not all chaperonins are heat inducible. Often, a designation specific to a particular organism such as E.coli GroEL is used for E. coli Cpn60. Redundant nomenclature such as `GroEL Cpn60' and 'molecular chaperonin' should be avoided. The heat shock response should not be termed the stress response since there are numerous other cellular stress responses and they frequently share induced proteins.
Other nomenclature
Capitalize trade names and include the manufacturer's name and address. A term used three times or more in a paper may be abbreviated upon first use of the term, followed by the abbreviation in parentheses. Abbreviations should follow the Council of Biology Editors' Scientifc Style and Format (6th ed) where possible, and chemical nomenclature should follow the Subject Index of Chemical Abstracts. Commonly used abbreviations as for amino acids and nucleotides may be used without explanation. Use the same abbreviations as the Journal of Biological Chemistry.
