Author Guidelines
To submit a paper to our journal:
- Register as an Author; we encourage you to register also as a reader and a reviewer at the same time.
- Follows the Instructions to authors below.
- Read our Editorial Policies and our Competing Interest policies
To submit a revised version:
- Log in
- Click on your role as Author
- Click on QUEUED FOR REVIEW on the page displayed
- Under the heading EDITOR DECISION, upload your revised paper as AUTHOR VERSION using Browse and Upload buttons
- Use the NOTIFY EDITOR email to inform editors that the revised version has been submitted
Instructions to Authors
Manuscripts must be written in British English. Authors whose native language is not English are strongly recommended to have their manuscript checked by a language editing service, or by an English mother-tongue colleague prior to submission.
Manuscripts should be saved and submitted as a single WORD file containing the full text, references, tables and figures. In case of acceptance, original text and figures must be provided for publication.
Original Articles should normally be divided into an abstract, introduction, design and methods, results, discussion and references. The abstract should contain a maximum of 400 words. A maximum of 20 authors is permitted, and additional authors should be listed in an ad hoc appendix. Review Articles: no particular format is required for these articles. However, they should have an informative, unstructured abstract of about 250 words. Reviews may also include meta-analyses, guidelines and consensus papers by scientific societies or working groups. These studies must be conducted following proper, widely accepted ad hoc procedures. Short Communications are articles with a simple layout and containing limited data (no more than two figures or tables) and a small number of citations (not more than 25). They should be limited to 2,000 words of text (figure captions, table headings and reference lists are additional to this limit). Letters to the editor should be from 250 to 1,000 words in length. Authors of letters to the editor should provide a short title for their letter.
Style
The manuscripts should be double spaced with numbered lines and wide margins and
should be arranged as follows.
Title page: including the full title, the name(s) of the author(s), their affiliation and the name of the corresponding author to whom proofs and requests for off-prints should be sent. Abstract: should not exceed 400 words. Keywords: three to six keywords characterizing the content of the article in alphabetical order. Introduction. A brief introduction. Materials and methods: this section should provide sufficient information and references on the techniques adopted to permit their replication. Results: the content of this section should permit full comprehension of the data reported in figures and tables. Discussion: this should underline the significance of the results and place them in the context of previous research. Acknowledgements.
References should be prepared strictly according to the instructions given below.
Units: authors are recommended to use the International System of Units (SI).
Scientific names: common names of organisms should always be accompanied, when first cited, by their complete scientific name in italics (genus, species, attribution and, if appropriate, cultivar).
Formulae: mathematical formulae must be carefully typed, possibly using the equation editor of Microsoft Word; when a paper contains several equations they should be identified with a number in parentheses (e.g. Eq. 1). Please note that each accepted paper will undergo technical and scientific copyediting before publication.
Tables: t
ables are numbered consecutively in Arabic numbers without “no.” before the number. References should be made in the text to each table. The desired style of presentation can be found in published articles.
Titles of tables should be descriptive enough to be able to stand alone. Do not present the same data in tabular and graphic form.
Figures: f
igures are numbered consecutively in Arabic numbers. References should be made in the text to each figure. Each figure should have a caption. The term "figure" is used also for graphs and photos.
Symbols and abbreviations used in figures can be defined in the figure caption or note or within the figure itself.
Please avoid the use of bold face or greater size for the characters. Symbols and abbreviations used in figures can be defined in the figure caption or note or within the figure itself.
The figures must be submitted as .tif or .jpg files, with the following digital resolution:
1. Color (saved as CMYK): minimum 300 dpi
2. Black and white/grays: minimum 600 dpi
Lettering of figures must be clearly labelled.
Movies
Movies can be submitted and uploaded as "Supplementary Files" during the manuscript submission procedure. Dimension should not exceed 5 MB.
Citations in the text:
The Journal follows the "author, year" style of citation.
When a citation has one or two authors, cite the reference throughout using the name(s) and the date.
When a citation has more than two authors, cite the reference throughout the text with et al. following the last name of the first author.
When two or more references are included in a grouping within a sentence, they are arranged and separated by a semicolon.
The first criterion is the year (former citations precede recent ones); multiple citations for a given year are further arranged alphabetically and multiple citations for the same initial letter are arranged as follows: first the citation with one author, secondly the citation with two authors, then the other (with et al.).
When the same author has two references with different dates, cite them in chronological order, separating the dates with a comma; when the same author has two references with the same date, arrange the dates as a and b (also in the reference list) and separated by a comma.
Journal titles mentioned in the reference list should be abbreviated according to the following websites (sequenced by relevance):
1. ISI Journal Abbreviations Index
(http://library.caltech.edu/reference/abbreviations/)
2. Biological Journals and Abbreviations
(http://home.ncifcrf.gov/research/bja/)
Example: (Foury, 1967, 1972; Burns et al., 1970; Allen et al., 1990; Basnizki and Zohary, 1994; White et al., 1990a,b).
Citation should be made in the text to each reference.
Citations are listed in strict alphabetical order by first author' last names.
Use capital and lower case letters for authors' names
.
If all authors are identical for two or more citations, chronological order of publication should dictate the order of citations. When more than one paper in a given year is listed by authors whose names are in the same order in each paper, the papers are arranged in alphabetical order of the paper title.
Use the following system to arrange your references:
1. periodicals:
Hennighausen LG, Sippel AE, 1982. Characterization and cloning of the mRNAs specific for the lactating mouse mammary gland. Eur. J. Biochem. 125:131-41.
2. books:
National Research Council, 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
3. multi-authors books:
Brouwer I, 1965. Report of the sub-committee on constants and factors. In: K.L. Blaxter (ed.) Energy metabolism. EAAP Publ. N. 11, Academic Press Ltd., London, UK, pp 441-3.
4. proceedings:
Rossi A, Bianchi B, 1998. How writing the references. Proc. 4th World Congr. Appl. Livest. Prod., Armidale, Australia, 26:44-6. (Or 44, if one page) -
Blanco P, Nigro B, 1970. Not numbered volumes. Page 127 (or pp 12-18) in Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Cattle Dis., Philadelphia, PA, USA.
5. thesis:
Rossi P, 1999. Stima di parametri genetici nella razza Reggiana. Degree Diss., Università di Milano, Italy.
6. material from a World Wide Web site:
Food and Drug Administration, 2001. Available from: http://www.fda.gov
7. in press:
Manuscripts that have been accepted for publication but are not yet published can be listed in the literature cited with the designation (In press) following the journal title.
8. other:
Citations such as personal communication, unpublished data, etc. should be incorporated in the text and NOT placed into the Reference section.
Peer-review policy:
All manuscript submitted to our journals are critically assessed by external and/or inhouse experts in accordance with the principles of Peer Review, which is fundamental to the scientific publication process and the dissemination of sound science. Each paper is first assigned by the Editors to an appropriate Associate Editor who has knowledge of the field discussed in the manuscript. The first step of manuscript selection takes place entirely inhouse and has two major objectives: a) to establish the article's appropriateness for our journals' readership; b) to define the manuscript's priority ranking relative to other manuscripts under consideration, since the number of papers that the journal receives is much greater than that it can publish. If a manuscript does not receive a sufficiently high priority score to warrant publication, the editors will proceed to a quick rejection. The remaining articles are reviewed by at least two different external referees (second step or classical peer-review).
Authorship. All persons designated as authors should qualify for authorship according to the CSE' criteria (http://www.councilscienceeditors.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3355) Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the content. Authorship credit should be based only on substantial contributions to (a) conception and design, or analysis and interpretation of data; and to (b) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and on (c) final approval of the version to be published. These three conditions must all be met. Participation solely in the acquisition of funding or the collection of data does not justify authorship. General supervision of the research group is not sufficient for authorship. Any part of an article critical to its main conclusions must be the responsibility of at least one author. Authors should provide a brief description of their individual contributions.