期刊名称：JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS
 期刊简介(About the journal)
投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)
编辑部信息(Editorial Board)
About the journal
The Journal of Virological Methods publishes original papers and invited reviews covering techniques on all aspects of virology. These include methods for studying the morphology, assembly, replication, composition, function and physiochemical properties of viruses and their components; the purification of viruses and their components; cultivation; properties of viral antigens, production of antibody, and techniques for studying the immune response to virions, viral subunits, and components; the detection and identification of viruses and viral infections; assay of viruses and viral infectivity and the investigation of transmission and pathogenicity; and methods for investigating the suppression or inhibition of viral growth.
Instructions to Authors
There are different Instructions to Authors for VIROLOGY PROTOCOLS
These are printed following the regular Instructions to Authors, next.
Submission of a paper to the Journal of Virological Methods implies that it has not previously been published (except in abstract form) and that it is not being submitted for publication elsewhere. The authors are requested to transfer their copyright to the Publisher, to ensure the widest possible dissemination of information.
Papers and original figures should be submitted together with two copies and accompanied by a letter of transmittal to the Editor-in-Chief: Professor Arie J. Zuckerman, MD, DSc, FRCP, FRC Path, WHO Center-Viral Diseases, The Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, University of London, Rowland Hill Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 207 830 2579, Fax: +44 207 830 2070.
Submission of Manuscripts The preferred medium of final submission to the accepting Editor is on disk with the accompanying reviewed and revised manuscript(see 'Electronic manuscripts' below).
Manuscripts, in English, should be typed on one side of the paper only with double spacing and wide margins, and should have a separate titlepage bearing author(s) names and affiliations as well as an address for correspondence, and a telephone number as well as a fax number if available for immediate enquiry.
Research articles should generally not exceed 25 typewritten pages and should be divided into Summary (on a separate sheet and not exceeding 200 words, followed by 3-6 keywords). Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgements and References.
Short communications, approx. 12 typewrittenpages, with a Summary and keywords but without section headings.
Book reviews or meeting reports will be published following invitation from, or by authors first contacting, the Editor-in-Chief.
Electronic manuscripts:Electronic manuscripts have the advantage that there is no need for the rekeying of text, thereby avoiding the possibility of introducing errors and resulting in reliable and fast delivery of proofs. The preferred storage medium is a 5 1/4 or 3 1/2,inch disk in MS-DOS format, although other systems are welcome,e.g., NEC and Macintosh (in this case, save your file in the usual manner, do not use the option "save in MS-DOS format"). Please do not split the article into separate files (titlepage as one file, text as another, etc.). Ensure that the letter "l" and digit "1" (also letter 'O' and digit '0') have been used properly, and structure your article (tabs, indents, etc.)consistently. Characters not available on your wordprocessor(Greek letters, mathematical symbols, etc.) should not be left open but indicated by a unique code (e.g., gralpha, @, #, etc.,for the Greek letter  ). Such codes should be used consistently throughout the entire text. Please make a list of such codes and provide a key. Do not allow your wordprocessor to introduce word splits and do not use a "justified" layout. Please adhere strictly to the general instructions on style/arrangement and, in particular, the reference style of the journal. It is very important that you save your file in the wordprocessor format. If your wordprocessor features the option to save files "in flat ASCII", please do not use it.
Reproduction in colour will have to be approved by the Editor(s) and Publisher. The extra cost of colour reproduction will be charged to the author(s). Each illustration must have a legend, which should be typed with double spacing on a separate page and begin with the number of the illustration it refers to.
Amino acid sequences, gene maps, etc., should be submitted as figures.
Virus Nomenclature: Authors are requested to follow the guidelines of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), as mentioned in Vol. 29 (1996) pp 1-2. The complete report of the ICTV (The Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses: Sixth Report of the ICTV, Murphy, F.A. et al., 1995) is available from Sprinter-Verlag.
References should be assembled in alphabetical order on a separate sheet. In the text they should be referred to by name and year (Harvard System). More than one paper from the same author in the same year must be identified by the letters a, b, c, etc., placed after the year of publication. In the text, when referring to a work by more than two authors, the name of the first author should be given followed by et al. Literature references must consist of names and initials of all authors, year, title of paper referred to, abbreviated title of periodical, volume number and first and last page numbers of the paper. Periodicals, books and multi-author books should accord with the following examples:
Kit, S., Kit, M., Ichimura, H., Crandell, R. and McConnell, S., 1986. Induction of thymidine kinase activity by viruses with group B DNA genomes: bovine cytomegalovirus (bovine herpesvirus 4). Virus Res. 4, 197-212. Howard, C.R., 1986. Arenaviruses. Perspectives in Medical Virology, Vol. 2. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Vogel, S.N. and Friedman, R.M., 1984. Interferon and macrophages: activation and cell surface changes. In: J. Vilcek and E. De Maeyer (Eds), Interferons and the Immune System. Interferon, Vol. 2, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 35-59.
Abbreviations of journal titles should conform to those adopted by List of Serial Title Word Abbreviations (available from International Serials Data System, 20 rue Bachaumont, 75002 Paris, France; ISBN 2-904939-02-8).
Please note that the responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of literature references lies solely with the author(s).
Proofs will be sent to the first-named author of an article, unless an alternative is requested on the title page of the manuscript. They should be checked carefully and returned by airmail within 2 days of receipt. Only printer's errors may be corrected: no changes in or additions to the edited manuscript will be allowed at this stage. The Publisher will proceed if proofs are not received on time.
Page charges will not be made. Reprints may be ordered by filling in and returning to the Publishers the order form sent to the authors: per contribution 50 reprints will be made available free of charge. Submission of manuscripts Manuscripts should be complete in all respects (and be submitted on disk and in triplicate including three copies of all illustrations - see Manuscripts below). Manuscripts submitted under multiple authorship are reviewed on the assumption that all listed authors concur with the submission and that a copy of the final manuscript has been approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities in the laboratories where the work was carried out. If accepted, the manuscript shall not be published elsewhere in the same form, in either the same or another language, without the consent of the Editors and Publisher. Submission of a paper to Virology Protocols is understood to imply it is not being considered for publication elsewhere.
Editorial Address: Manuscripts should be submitted to:
Professor Arie J. Zuckerman, MD, DSc, FRCP, FRC Path, WHO Center-Viral Diseases, The Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, University of London, Rowland Hill Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 207 830 2579, Fax: +44 207 0302070. Correspondence relating to proofs, publication and reprints should be sent to: Issue Manager, Virology Protocols, Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd., Bay 15, Shannon Industrial Estate, Shannon, Co. Clare, Ireland, Tel: +353 61 471944, Fax: +353 61 472144
Manuscripts: The medium of final submission is on disk with accompanying revised manuscript (see Electronic manuscripts below). Manuscripts should be written in grammatical English and be accompanied by an abstract, theme, topic, and 3 - 6 key words on a separate page. As well as the disk copy, three printout copies of each manuscript should be submitted in double-spaced typing with at least a 4 cm margin on pages of uniform size. Protocols should be divided into numbered sections headed by a caption (Abstract; 1. Type of research; 2. Time required; 3. Materials; 4. Detailed procedure; 5. Results; 6. Discussion; 7. Essential references; 8. References; 9. Quick procedure). The order of subdivision within sections is as follows: Arabic numerals (e.g. 3.1.), lower case Roman characters (a, b etc.). Listings should be indicated by dashes. In order to ensure timely publication, no revisions or updating will be incorporated after the manuscript has been accepted and sent to the Publisher.
Electronic manuscripts. Electronic manuscripts have several advantages: there is no need for the re-keying of text, thereby avoiding the possibility of introducing errors and resulting in reliable and fast delivery of proofs. The preferred storage medium is a 3.5 inch disk in MS-DOS format, although other systems are also supported, eg NEC and Macintosh (in the latter case, save your file in the usual manner, do not use the option "save in MS-DOS format"). After final acceptance, your disk plus one final, printed and exactly matching version (as a printout) should be submitted together to the Editor. It is important that the file on disk and the printout are identical. Please specify the type of computer and word processing package used (do not convert your text file to plain ASCII). Ensure that the letter "l" and the digit "1" (also letter "O" and digit "0") have been used properly, and format your article (tabs, indents, etc.) consistently. Characters not available on your word processor (Greek letters, mathematical symbols, etc.) should not be left open, but indicated by a unique code (e.g. gralpha, @, etc. for the Greek letter ). Such codes should be used consistently throughout the entire text. Please make a list of such codes and provide a key. Do not allow your word processor to introduce word splits and do not use a "justified" layout. Please adhere strictly to the general instructions on styles/arrangement and, in particular, the reference style of the journal. Tables and illustrations will be handled conventionally; the latter should be submitted as original drawings or glossy prints. Further information may be obtained from the publisher.
Organization of a Protocol
Title page: The title page should contain the following items: (i) complete title (preferably no chemical formulas or arbitrary abbreviations); (ii) full names of all authors; (iii) complete affiliations of all authors; (iv) the number of text pages of the whole manuscript (including figures and tables) and the number of figures and tables; (v) the name and complete address of the corresponding author (including telephone number, facsimile number and electronic mail address); (vi) acknowledgements.
Abstract: This should provide a concise description of the purpose of the Protocol and should not exceed 200 words.
Keywords: Please provide 3 - 6 keywords.
1. Type of research. In this section, relevant published studies should be described concisely in list form preceded by Roman lower case numeral characters. The published studies should be appropriately cited.
2. Time required. An estimation of the time required to run the protocol should be given per separate step and for the whole protocol
3. Materials. The materials used should be described in sufficient detail for the protocol to be replicated. Animals used should include information on breed, breeder, sex, age, weight and the maintenance conditions. Furthermore, this section should be divided into two subsections: (i) Special equipment and (ii) Chemicals and reagents. Any special equipment required should be mentioned, including details of model type/number and (international) supplier. The source or supplier of any special equipment should also be stated, in parentheses, after mentioning the equipment for the first time. A listing (preceded by dashes) of chemicals and reagents used in the protocol, should be provided, if applicable. Special chemicals and drugs with their sources or suppliers should be grouped under a separate subheading ("Chemicals" or "Drugs"). For drugs, generic names should be used; trade names may be given in brackets where the drug is first mentioned. In case of new drugs or chemicals, a full chemical description (formula) should be given. The form of the drug used should be indicated.
4. Detailed procedure. This section should include an extensive, detailed and stepwise description of the procedures used. The individual steps should be described in list form preceded by Roman lower case numeral characters and correspond with the steps described under Quick procedure. All companies from which chemicals or materials were obtained should be listed with their full address.
5. Results. In this section the expected results should be described clearly and concisely, and in logical order without extended discussion of their significance. Results should usually be presented descriptively and be supplemented by photographs or diagrams.
6. Discussion. This section should present an assessment of the protocol, problems which may be encountered, and alternative or support protocols.
This section should be divided into two parts: (i) Trouble-shooting and (ii) Alternative and Support Protocols. Troubleshooting: Problems that may have been encountered during any of the procedures should be discussed clearly and concisely, and suitable solutions suggested. Alternative methods for replacing certain steps in the protocol should be mentioned in sufficient detail, and clearly indicating at which point in the protocol they should be applied.
Alternative and Support Protocols: If applicable, alternative or support protocols should be mentioned, clearly stating the advantages and disadvantages of such protocols and be accompanied by appropriate citation of the literature.
7. Essential literature references. This should mention certain essential reading divided into original papers, book chapters and review papers. Do not cite the full reference, but just list the reference number. The total number of references in this section should not exceed ten.
8. Literature references. Citation of literature references in the text should be given at the appropriate places using name and year (Harvard System). More than one paper from the same author in the same year must be identified by the letters a, b, c, etc, placed after the year of publication. In the text, when referring to a work by more than two authors, the name of the first author should be followed by et al. All references cited in the text should be listed at the end of the manuscript on a separate page (also double-spaced) arranged in alphabetical order of first author. They should consist of names and initials of all authors, year, title of paper referred to, abbreviated title of periodical, volume number and first and last page numbers of the paper. The abbreviations of journal titles should conform to those adopted by List of Serial Title Word Abbreviations, CIEPS/ISDS, Paris, 1985 (ISBN 2904939-02-8). Periodicals, books and multi- author books should accord with the following examples:
Examples:
Mainan, O.V., Cromeans, T.L. and Margolis, H.S., 1996. Sequence-specific, single-primer amplification and detection of PCR products for identification of hepatitis viruses, J. Virol. Meth 127-134.
Bentz, J., 1993. Viral Fusion Mechanisms, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 529.
Britt, W.J., 1994. Infections associated with human cytomegalovirus. In R. Glaser and J.F. Jones (Eds.) Herpesvirus Infections, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 59-116.
9. Quick procedure. This section should describe the protocol in a concise, stepwise manner. The individual steps should be described in list form preceded by roman lower case numeral characters and correspond with the steps described under Detailed procedure. This section should contain basic, essential information for the protocol to be replicated successfully.
Illustrations must be submitted in triplicate as unmounted glossy photographs and reach the Editor in a form and condition suitable for reproduction. If figures are not to be reduced in size their format should not exceed 13 X 20 cm. Lettering should be clear and of adequate size to be legible after reduction (2 - 6 mm). Professional lettering is preferred, but if this is not possible, an overlay displaying the desired labelling, should be provided with the figures. Please note that so-called press-on lettering should be avoided since this is likely to get damaged during handling and photographic processing of the prints. Slides taken from labelled prints are also acceptable.
The illustrations should bear the author's name, the orientation (top, bottom etc.) and be numbered in Arabic numerals according to the sequence of appearance in the text, where they are referred to as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, etc.
Line drawings should be in black ink on drawing or tracing paper or glossy sharp photographs of the same.
Photographs should be supplied as clear black-and-white prints on glossy paper, rather than copies which reproduce detail badly.
Micrographs should have a scale bar, rather than a magnification factor, in the legend. The degree of reduction will be determined by the Publisher, but in general it should be assumed that the same degree of reduction will be applied to all figures in the same paper.
If illustrations or other small parts of articles or books already published elsewhere are used in papers submitted to Virology Protocols, the written permission of author and publisher concerned must be included with the manuscript. The original source must be indicated in the legend of the illustration in these cases.
Colour reproduction: Reproduction in colour will have to be approved by the Editor. The extra cost of colour reproduction will be charged to the author(s). Colour figures should be submitted as separate prints and not be mounted on cardboard.
Figure Legends: Each illustration must have a title and an explanatory legend. The title should be part of the legend and not be reproduced on the figure itself. The legends should be typed with double-spacing on a separate page at the end of the manuscript and begin with the number of the illustration they refer to. All symbols and abbreviations used in the Figure must be explained.
Tables should be so constructed that they, together with their captions and legends, will be intelligible with minimal reference to the text. Tables of numerical data should each be typed (also with double-spacing) on a separate page, numbered in sequence in Arabic numerals (Table 1, 2, etc.) and referred to in the text as Table 1, Table 2, etc. The title of the Table should appear above the Table. A detailed description of its contents and footnotes should be given below the body of the Table (identified with a, b, c, etc.).
Proofs: Authors should keep a copy of their manuscripts as proofs will be sent to them with out the manuscript. Proofs will usually be drawn on lower quality paper. Only printer's errors may be corrected. No change in, or additions to, the edited manuscript will be allowed at this stage. The author proofs must be returned within 48 h after receipt, preferably by fax or electronic mail to facilitate speedy publication. If the Publisher receives no reply after approximately 15 days, the assumption will be made that there are no errors to correct and the article will be published.
Reprints: A total of 25 reprints of each paper will be provided free of charge to the author(s). Additional copies can be ordered at prices shown on the reprint order form which will be sent to the author upon receipt of the accepted manuscript at Elsevier.
Page charge: There will be no page charge for Virology Protocols.
Elsevier will do everything possible to get your article corrected and published as quickly and accurately as possible. Therefore, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Subsequent corrections will not be possible, so please ensure your first sending is complete.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reproduction in colour will have to be approved by the Editor(s) and Publisher. The extra cost of colour reproduction will be charged to the author(s). Each illustration must have a legend, which should be typed with double spacing on a separate page and begin with the number of the illustration it refers to.
Amino acid sequences, gene maps, etc., should be submitted as figures.
Virus Nomenclature: Authors are requested to follow the guidelines of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), as mentioned in Vol. 29 (1996) pp 1-2. The complete report of the ICTV (The Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses: Sixth Report of the ICTV, Murphy, F.A. et al., 1995) is available from Sprinter-Verlag.
References should be assembled in alphabetical order on a separate sheet. In the text they should be referred to by name and year (Harvard System). More than one paper from the same author in the same year must be identified by the letters a, b, c, etc., placed after the year of publication. In the text, when referring to a work by more than two authors, the name of the first author should be given followed by et al. Literature references must consist of names and initials of all authors, year, title of paper referred to, abbreviated title of periodical, volume number and first and last page numbers of the paper. Periodicals, books and multi-author books should accord with the following examples:
Kit, S., Kit, M., Ichimura, H., Crandell, R. and McConnell, S., 1986. Induction of thymidine kinase activity by viruses with group B DNA genomes: bovine cytomegalovirus (bovine herpesvirus 4). Virus Res. 4, 197-212.
Howard, C.R., 1986. Arenaviruses. Perspectives in Medical Virology, Vol. 2. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Vogel, S.N. and Friedman, R.M., 1984. Interferon and macrophages: activation and cell surface changes. In: J. Vilcek and E. De Maeyer (Eds), Interferons and the Immune System. Interferon, Vol. 2, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 35-59.
Abbreviations of journal titles should conform to those adopted by List of Serial Title Word Abbreviations (available from International Serials Data System, 20 rue Bachaumont, 75002 Paris, France; ISBN 2-904939-02-8).
Please note that the responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of literature references lies solely with the author(s).
Proofs will be sent to the first-named author of an article, unless an alternative is requested on the title page of the manuscript. They should be checked carefully and returned by airmail within 2 days of receipt. Only printer's errors may be corrected: no changes in or additions to the edited manuscript will be allowed at this stage. The Publisher will proceed if proofs are not received on time.
Page charges will not be made.
Reprints may be ordered by filling in and returning to the Publishers the order form sent to the authors: per contribution 50 reprints will be made available free of charge.
Virology Protocols
Virology Protocols is a new feature within the Journal of Virological Methods containing articles providing detailed descriptions of new and established techniques used in virological laboratories. The overriding criteria for publication are significant methodological and experimental relevance and interest to a multidiscipinary audience.
Submission of manuscripts Manuscripts should be complete in all respects (and be submitted on disk and in triplicate including three copies of all illustrations - see Manuscripts below). Manuscripts submitted under multiple authorship are reviewed on the assumption that all listed authors concur with the submission and that a copy of the final manuscript has been approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities in the laboratories where the work was carried out. If accepted, the manuscript shall not be published elsewhere in the same form, in either the same or another language, without the consent of the Editors and Publisher. Submission of a paper to Virology Protocols is understood to imply it is not being considered for publication elsewhere.
Editorial Address: Manuscripts should be submitted to:
Professor Arie J. Zuckerman, MD, DSc, FRCP, FRC Path, WHO Center-Viral Diseases, The Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, University of London, Rowland Hill Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 207 830 2579, Fax: +44 207 0302070.
Correspondence relating to proofs, publication and reprints should be sent to:
Issue Manager, Virology Protocols, Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd., Bay 15, Shannon Industrial Estate, Shannon, Co. Clare, Ireland, Tel: +353 61 471944, Fax: +353 61 472144
Manuscripts: The medium of final submission is on disk with accompanying revised manuscript (see Electronic manuscripts below). Manuscripts should be written in grammatical English and be accompanied by an abstract, theme, topic, and 3 - 6 key words on a separate page. As well as the disk copy, three printout copies of each manuscript should be submitted in double-spaced typing with at least a 4 cm margin on pages of uniform size. Protocols should be divided into numbered sections headed by a caption (Abstract; 1. Type of research; 2. Time required; 3. Materials; 4. Detailed procedure; 5. Results; 6. Discussion; 7. Essential references; 8. References; 9. Quick procedure). The order of subdivision within sections is as follows: Arabic numerals (e.g. 3.1.), lower case Roman characters (a, b etc.). Listings should be indicated by dashes. In order to ensure timely publication, no revisions or updating will be incorporated after the manuscript has been accepted and sent to the Publisher.
Electronic manuscripts. Electronic manuscripts have several advantages: there is no need for the re-keying of text, thereby avoiding the possibility of introducing errors and resulting in reliable and fast delivery of proofs. The preferred storage medium is a 3.5 inch disk in MS-DOS format, although other systems are also supported, eg NEC and Macintosh (in the latter case, save your file in the usual manner, do not use the option "save in MS-DOS format"). After final acceptance, your disk plus one final, printed and exactly matching version (as a printout) should be submitted together to the Editor. It is important that the file on disk and the printout are identical. Please specify the type of computer and word processing package used (do not convert your text file to plain ASCII). Ensure that the letter "l" and the digit "1" (also letter "O" and digit "0") have been used properly, and format your article (tabs, indents, etc.) consistently. Characters not available on your word processor (Greek letters, mathematical symbols, etc.) should not be left open, but indicated by a unique code (e.g. gralpha, @, etc. for the Greek letter ). Such codes should be used consistently throughout the entire text. Please make a list of such codes and provide a key. Do not allow your word processor to introduce word splits and do not use a "justified" layout. Please adhere strictly to the general instructions on styles/arrangement and, in particular, the reference style of the journal. Tables and illustrations will be handled conventionally; the latter should be submitted as original drawings or glossy prints. Further information may be obtained from the publisher.
Organization of a Protocol
Title page: The title page should contain the following items: (i) complete title (preferably no chemical formulas or arbitrary abbreviations); (ii) full names of all authors; (iii) complete affiliations of all authors; (iv) the number of text pages of the whole manuscript (including figures and tables) and the number of figures and tables; (v) the name and complete address of the corresponding author (including telephone number, facsimile number and electronic mail address); (vi) acknowledgements.
Abstract: This should provide a concise description of the purpose of the Protocol and should not exceed 200 words.
Keywords: Please provide 3 - 6 keywords.
1. Type of research. In this section, relevant published studies should be described concisely in list form preceded by Roman lower case numeral characters. The published studies should be appropriately cited.
2. Time required. An estimation of the time required to run the protocol should be given per separate step and for the whole protocol
3. Materials. The materials used should be described in sufficient detail for the protocol to be replicated. Animals used should include information on breed, breeder, sex, age, weight and the maintenance conditions. Furthermore, this section should be divided into two subsections: (i) Special equipment and (ii) Chemicals and reagents. Any special equipment required should be mentioned, including details of model type/number and (international) supplier. The source or supplier of any special equipment should also be stated, in parentheses, after mentioning the equipment for the first time. A listing (preceded by dashes) of chemicals and reagents used in the protocol, should be provided, if applicable. Special chemicals and drugs with their sources or suppliers should be grouped under a separate subheading ("Chemicals" or "Drugs"). For drugs, generic names should be used; trade names may be given in brackets where the drug is first mentioned. In case of new drugs or chemicals, a full chemical description (formula) should be given. The form of the drug used should be indicated.
4. Detailed procedure. This section should include an extensive, detailed and stepwise description of the procedures used. The individual steps should be described in list form preceded by Roman lower case numeral characters and correspond with the steps described under Quick procedure. All companies from which chemicals or materials were obtained should be listed with their full address.
5. Results. In this section the expected results should be described clearly and concisely, and in logical order without extended discussion of their significance. Results should usually be presented descriptively and be supplemented by photographs or diagrams.
6. Discussion. This section should present an assessment of the protocol, problems which may be encountered, and alternative or support protocols.
This section should be divided into two parts: (i) Trouble-shooting and (ii) Alternative and Support Protocols. Troubleshooting: Problems that may have been encountered during any of the procedures should be discussed clearly and concisely, and suitable solutions suggested. Alternative methods for replacing certain steps in the protocol should be mentioned in sufficient detail, and clearly indicating at which point in the protocol they should be applied.
Alternative and Support Protocols: If applicable, alternative or support protocols should be mentioned, clearly stating the advantages and disadvantages of such protocols and be accompanied by appropriate citation of the literature.
7. Essential literature references. This should mention certain essential reading divided into original papers, book chapters and review papers. Do not cite the full reference, but just list the reference number. The total number of references in this section should not exceed ten.
8. Literature references. Citation of literature references in the text should be given at the appropriate places using name and year (Harvard System). More than one paper from the same author in the same year must be identified by the letters a, b, c, etc, placed after the year of publication. In the text, when referring to a work by more than two authors, the name of the first author should be followed by et al. All references cited in the text should be listed at the end of the manuscript on a separate page (also double-spaced) arranged in alphabetical order of first author. They should consist of names and initials of all authors, year, title of paper referred to, abbreviated title of periodical, volume number and first and last page numbers of the paper. The abbreviations of journal titles should conform to those adopted by List of Serial Title Word Abbreviations, CIEPS/ISDS, Paris, 1985 (ISBN 2904939-02-8). Periodicals, books and multi- author books should accord with the following examples:
Examples:
Mainan, O.V., Cromeans, T.L. and Margolis, H.S., 1996. Sequence-specific, single-primer amplification and detection of PCR products for identification of hepatitis viruses, J. Virol. Meth 127-134.
Bentz, J., 1993. Viral Fusion Mechanisms, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 529.
Britt, W.J., 1994. Infections associated with human cytomegalovirus. In R. Glaser and J.F. Jones (Eds.) Herpesvirus Infections, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 59-116.
9. Quick procedure. This section should describe the protocol in a concise, stepwise manner. The individual steps should be described in list form preceded by roman lower case numeral characters and correspond with the steps described under Detailed procedure. This section should contain basic, essential information for the protocol to be replicated successfully.
Illustrations must be submitted in triplicate as unmounted glossy photographs and reach the Editor in a form and condition suitable for reproduction. If figures are not to be reduced in size their format should not exceed 13 X 20 cm. Lettering should be clear and of adequate size to be legible after reduction (2 - 6 mm). Professional lettering is preferred, but if this is not possible, an overlay displaying the desired labelling, should be provided with the figures. Please note that so-called press-on lettering should be avoided since this is likely to get damaged during handling and photographic processing of the prints. Slides taken from labelled prints are also acceptable.
The illustrations should bear the author's name, the orientation (top, bottom etc.) and be numbered in Arabic numerals according to the sequence of appearance in the text, where they are referred to as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, etc.
Line drawings should be in black ink on drawing or tracing paper or glossy sharp photographs of the same.
Photographs should be supplied as clear black-and-white prints on glossy paper, rather than copies which reproduce detail badly.
Micrographs should have a scale bar, rather than a magnification factor, in the legend. The degree of reduction will be determined by the Publisher, but in general it should be assumed that the same degree of reduction will be applied to all figures in the same paper.
If illustrations or other small parts of articles or books already published elsewhere are used in papers submitted to Virology Protocols, the written permission of author and publisher concerned must be included with the manuscript. The original source must be indicated in the legend of the illustration in these cases.
Colour reproduction: Reproduction in colour will have to be approved by the Editor. The extra cost of colour reproduction will be charged to the author(s). Colour figures should be submitted as separate prints and not be mounted on cardboard.
Figure Legends: Each illustration must have a title and an explanatory legend. The title should be part of the legend and not be reproduced on the figure itself. The legends should be typed with double-spacing on a separate page at the end of the manuscript and begin with the number of the illustration they refer to. All symbols and abbreviations used in the Figure must be explained.
Tables should be so constructed that they, together with their captions and legends, will be intelligible with minimal reference to the text. Tables of numerical data should each be typed (also with double-spacing) on a separate page, numbered in sequence in Arabic numerals (Table 1, 2, etc.) and referred to in the text as Table 1, Table 2, etc. The title of the Table should appear above the Table. A detailed description of its contents and footnotes should be given below the body of the Table (identified with a, b, c, etc.).
Proofs: Authors should keep a copy of their manuscripts as proofs will be sent to them with out the manuscript. Proofs will usually be drawn on lower quality paper. Only printer's errors may be corrected. No change in, or additions to, the edited manuscript will be allowed at this stage. The author proofs must be returned within 48 h after receipt, preferably by fax or electronic mail to facilitate speedy publication. If the Publisher receives no reply after approximately 15 days, the assumption will be made that there are no errors to correct and the article will be published.
Reprints: A total of 50 reprints of each paper will be provided free of charge to the author(s). Additional copies can be ordered at prices shown on the reprint order form which will be sent to the author upon receipt of the accepted manuscript at Elsevier.
Editorial Board
-
- Editor-in-Chief:
- A.J. Zuckerman, Royal Free and University College Medical School, W.H.O. Centre - Viral Diseases, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK Tel: +44 171 830 2579, Fax: +44 171 830 2070, Email: ajz@rfhsm.ac.uk
- Editorial Assistant:
- S. Giles
- Editorial Board:
- J.E. Banatvala, St. Thomas'Hospital, London, UK
A.D.T. Barrett, Univ. of Texas Med. Branch Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
M.A. Epstein, John Radcliff Hospital, Headington, UK
J.J. Giambrone, Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL, USA
I.D. Gust, CSL Limited, Melbourne, Australia
J.A. Hellings, Organon Teknika bv., Boxtel, The Netherlands
G. Klein, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
H. Koprowski, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
C. Kunz, Univ. of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
S.K. Lam, Univ. of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
C.R. Madeley, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
J. Mahony, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
B.W.J. Mahy, Nat. Center for Infec. Diseases, Atlanta, GA, USA
K. Maramorosch, Rutgers State Univ. of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
D.O. Matson, Center for Pediatric Research, Norfolk, VA, USA
P.D. Minor, NIBSC, Potters Bar, UK
T.P. Monath, Oravax, Cambridge, MA, USA
I.K. Mushahwar, Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL, USA
J.-M. Pawlotsky, CHU Henri Mondor, Cr¨¦teil, France
T.H. Pennington, Univ. of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
D.J. Robinson, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, UK
M. Roggendorf, Univ. Klinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
B. Roizman, Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
K. Sano, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
R.P. Singh, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, Canada
R.J. Whitley, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
T. Wreghitt
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