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期刊名称：ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY ISSN： 1708-3087 出版频率： Quarterly 出版社： RESILIENCE ALLIANCE, ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, CANADA, NS, B0P 1X0 期刊网址： http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/ 影响因子： 4.403 (2020年) 4.136(2018年) 3.256(2017年) 2.842(2016年) 2.89(2015年) 2.774(2014年) 2.669(2013年) 2.831 (2012年) 主题范畴： ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES 期刊简介(About the journal)    投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)    编辑部信息(Editorial Board)    About the journal Ecology and Society is an electronic, peer-reviewed, multi-disciplinary journal devoted to the rapid dissemination of current research. Manuscript submission, peer review, and publication are all handled on the Internet. Software developed for the journal automates all clerical steps during peer review, facilitates a double-blind peer review process, and allows authors and editors to follow the progress of peer review on the Internet. As articles are accepted, they are published in an "Issue in Progress." At four month intervals the Issue-in-Progress is declared a New Issue, and subscribers receive the Table of Contents of the issue via email. Our turn-around time (submission to publication) averages around 350 days. We encourage publication of special features. Special features are comprised of a set of manuscripts that address a single theme, and include an introductory and summary manuscript. The individual contributions are published in regular issues, and the special feature manuscripts are linked through a table of contents and announced on the journal's main page. The journal seeks papers that are novel, integrative and written in a way that is accessible to a wide audience that includes an array of disciplines from the natural sciences, social sciences, and the humanities concerned with the relationship between society and the life-supporting ecosystems on which human wellbeing ultimately depends. Content of the journal ranges from the applied to the theoretical. In general, papers should cover topics relating to the ecological, political, and social foundations for sustainable social-ecological systems. Specifically, the journal publishes articles that present research findings on the following issues: (a) the management, stewardship and sustainable use of ecological systems, resources and biological diversity at all levels, (b) the role natural systems play in social and political systems and conversely, the effect of social, economic and political institutions on ecological systems and services, and (c) the means by which we can develop and sustain desired ecological, social and political states. Editors-in-Chief Carl Folke and Lance Gunderson summarize their vision for Ecology and Society: We view humanity and nature as co-evolving systems that interact within the bounds of the biosphere at various temporal and spatial scales and across scales. We hope to create a rigorous scientific forum where we can discuss issues related to the linked and dynamic systems of humans and nature and generate an improved understanding of essential interactions that will enhance our capacity to actively adapt to change without eroding resilience or creating vulnerability. (Conservation Ecology Volume 6, issue 1, article 19) We also encourage papers that make use of the unique opportunities of an e-journal: color illustrations, animated model output, down-loadable models and data sets, use of the "Response" option for interactive discussion, and other novel inventions to encourage reader interaction. Instructions to Authors The Submission Process is broken into the following steps. Detailed instructions for each step can be found on the submission pages. Step 1: Specify the manuscript type, complete the checklist, submit a covering letter, and if necessary, assign your manuscript to a Special Feature. Step 2: Specify the author information. Author's names and affiliations will appear in the published paper the way you enter them. Please take the time to ensure your coauthors' names and affiliations are correct. Affiliations may include department, institution, city, and/or country. None are required. Enter mail or street addresses in the contact information box. Addresses are not required. Step 3: Enter the Title, Abstract, Key words/phrases, and Acknowledgments. All must be text only. Step 4: Upload the body of the manuscript - Text only - From "Introduction" through to the end of the "Literature Cited". Title, abstract, keywords, and acknowledgments are already entered. Please do not duplicate. Figures, tables, appendices, equations, and all other attachments will be uploaded in Step 5. Step 5: Specify the list of attachments and upload those attachments (tables, figures, equations, appendices) Step 6: Final verification of the manuscript Note: The author interface for each of these steps includes details on how to enter the information required.   Formatting a Manuscript 1. Organizing your submission To submit, please separate your manuscript and save to the following file types: body - from Introduction to end of Literature Cited - (rich-text format) tables (each table is an individual file, in rich-text format) figures (each figure is an individual image file: GIF, PNG, or JPG) equations (each equation is an individual image file: GIF, PNG, or JPG -- GIF is best for equations) appendices (pdf for text, tables, and figures; other file types are accepted for online resources, models, spreadsheets, etc.) If you are unable to save in one of these formats please contact the editorial office. 2. Title, Abstract, Key words/phrases, and Acknowledgments      (Step 3 of the submission processs) Enter your title, abstract, key words/phrases, and acknowledgments directly into the submission interface, either by typing or cutting-and-pasting. Do not duplicate them in the body of your manuscript. Title The title should be entered with the first letter of each word capitalized. Example: "Basic Science, Applied Science, and the Radical Middle Ground" Avoid abbreviations Abstracts Abstracts should be less than 300 words. They should not contain citations. Avoid abbreviations - if used they must be first spelled out. Key words/phrases should be listed alphabetically and separated by a semicolon. 3. Body of the manuscript (from Introduction through to end of Literature Cited) Note: Figures or tables in the body of the manuscript will generate errors during the submission procedure. Headings and subheadings Equations, Greek symbols, and statistics Text Boxes Details of style Within text referencing Spacing, fonts, and page numbering Underlining/italicization Capitalization Footnotes Units Statistics Web (HTML) links Literature cited Headings and subheadings must appear on a line by themselves Main headings: Standard headings should be used preferentially (if apprpriate) INTRODUCTION, METHODS, RESULTS, DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION, LITERATURE CITED Other headings are permissible Use LITERATURE CITED (not Bibliography, References, nor anything else) centered on a line by themselves Secondary headings left-justified on a line by themselves bolded lowercase except for initial letter of the first word e.g., General characteristics of movement Tertiary headings left-justified on a line by themselves italicized lowercase except for initial letter of the first word e.g., Field study and simulation model Equations and Greek characters Equations The process of inserting equations occurs in both Steps 4 and 5. First, you must indicate where in the manuscript you want the equations (Step 4) Next, you must upload the image of the equation (Step 5). To designate the location of each equation: Insert tags <eqn#> into the text of your manuscript where the equation should appear, where # = 1,2,3,...,n indicates the sequential number of the equation. During Step 5, you will be prompted to upload images of your equation(s). Upload each equation as a separate graphic file named eqn#.gif, where # corresponds to the tags inserted into the body of the manuscript. Any one equation may be specified any number of times by inserting the appropriate tag in the manuscript in multiple locations. Greek characters To include Greek characters in your manuscript please either use the "Insert -- Symbol" feature in Microsoft Word, or write out the full name of the Greek character and enclose the word in parentheses (e.g., <alpha>, <beta>) within the text of your manuscript (click here for a complete list of Greek characters and the associated full name). Text Boxes To set content apart in a Text Box, place <txt#> at the beginning and </txt#> at the end of the content (where # = 1, 2, 3... is the appropriate box number). Put into the body of the manuscript in the approximate desired location. Details of Style Within text referencing include author plus year of publishing, (Smith 2000) separate two references with a comma, (Smith 2000, Green 2002) list oldest reference first, (Smith 2000, Green 2002, Brown 2012) if two authors give both names, if three authors use 'et al.', (Smith and Brown 2000, Smith et al. 2012) the same author in two different years- name the author only once (Smith 2000, 2012, Brown 2013) the same author in the same year, designate with italicized letters (Smith 2000a) direct quotes should include date followed by page number (Smith 2000:197) second hand references (Smith 2000, as cited in Brown 2005) Note: Smith 2000 should not appear in Lit. Cited section. Spacing and Fonts Single-space all material. Separate paragraphs with a blank line. Use a 12-point font (preferably Times Roman). Underlining/Italicization Italicize scientific names and the symbols for all variables and constants except Greek letters in the text. Symbols in illustrations should be italic to match the text. Italics should NOT be used for emphasis. Do not underline text. Capitalization For common names of birds, follow the Ornithological Societies of North America style (AOU checklist), with initial capital letters: Black-throated Green Warbler. For all non-avian taxa, use lower case for common names. Footnotes Avoid footnotes in the body of the manuscript; most footnote material can be incorporated in the text for the benefit of readers and editors. Footnotes below tables are acceptable; instead of numbers, please use (in order): †, ‡, §, |, ¶, #, ††, ‡‡, §§, ||, ¶¶, ##. Units Use the International System of Units (Systeme Internationale: SI) for measurements. Consult Standard Practice for Use of the International System of Units (ASTM Standard E-380-93) for guidance on unit conversions, style, and usage. When preparing text and figures, note in particular that, SI requires the use of the terms mass or force rather than weight; use the solidus (/); for two or more units in a denominator, use negative exponents; and use a capital L as the symbol for liter. Statistics Use leading zeroes with all numbers <1, including probability values (e.g., P < 0.001). For every significant F statistic reported, provide two df values (numerator and denominator). Whenever possible, indicate the year and version number of the statistical software used. Web (HTML) links Authors may include links to other Internet resources in their article [e.g., the Breeding Bird Survey (http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/bbs/bbs.html)]. When inserting a reference to a webpage, please include the http:// portion of the address. The Council of Science Editors (CSE) Style Guide, is recommended for details of style. Manuscripts are currently accepted in English only. Write with precision, clarity, and economy: use the active voice and first person whenever appropriate. Use American spellings (e.g., behavior, not behaviour) except when quoting or in citations. Literature cited - In general, use Harvard Referencing System. Each citation in the text must be included in the Literature Cited section. Every reference in the Literature Cited must be referred to in the text. The list should conform in sequencing and punctuation to that found in recent issues of Ecology and Society. Citing Ecology and Society: Example Journal Citation: All journal titles should be spelled out completely (i.e., do not abbreviate journal titles). In the titles of articles, the spellings of all words should agree with that used in the original publication. Provide the publisher's name and location when you cite symposia or conference proceedings; distinguish between the conference date and the publication date if both are given. Do not list abstracts or unpublished material in the Literature Cited. They may be listed in the text as personal observations (by an author of the present paper), personal communications (from others), or unpublished x, where x = data, manuscript, or report; Provide authors' names and initials for all unpublished data, manuscripts, and reports in the text of the paper. Links to online, freely available articles are permitted. Please use the following format: [online] URL: http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lme4 Do not include links to password-protected websites or an author's website. Exceptions to this rule include links to Birds of North America species accounts and links to author's websites that post a software program that is not available by any other means and is integral to the paper. Insert spaces between author's initials. Last name appears first for first author; initial(s) first for subsequent authors. Books and conference proceedings must include publisher information: name, city, state or province (if pertinent), country. Conference proceedings must include the city, state/province, country, and year in which the conference was held. Conference dates are typically included, although not required. The editor(s) of the Proceedings should be included, if possible. Journal articles in press should include the volume number of the journal even if the page range is not known. 4. Attachments (tables, figs, etc.) All tables, figures, appendices, videos, computer simulations, and databases constitute attachments to the body of the manuscript. As such, they must be submitted as separate files. During the submission process you will be required to select your attachment type from a drop down list, and then type or paste its associated caption – these steps are repeated until you have input the captions for all of your attachments. You will then upload the attachment files, and our software will generate a web page for each attachment based on the file names and captions provided. Do not include captions or titles in the attachment files themselves. Please see the Equations section below for information on how to format equations. Tables Figures Appendices Tables (saved as .rtf files) The table's caption is entered separately and should not appear in the table. Single space Row and column entries separated by cell divisions using the table function in word processing software. (That is, tabs, spaces, or blank lines to separate information will not work.) No horizontal or vertical lines (borders) to separate cells No images within tables No color Use regular font in column and row headings (no bold or italics) Do not merge rows, merging across columns is okay No bulleted or numbered lists Asterisks are reserved to denote levels of significance, not for footnotes Superscripted numbers may be used to identify citations within a table The footnote symbols should be in the order: †, ‡, §, |, ¶ , #, and then doubled symbols. (See CSE Style Manual). Do not include information in tables that is not discussed in the text of the manuscript. Example Tables: Figures Figures are added during Step 5 of the submission process. Figures must be clear and sharp. Use imaging software (Excel does not export graphs well). Figures must be in .GIF, .PNG, or .JPG formats. For photos or images with gradients of color use JPG. For images with flat colour use GIF or PNG8. 72 dpi and no wider than 700 pixels (unless given explicit permission by the managing editor). the image will be printed 7.5 cm wide (complex figures may be printed at 16cm) - text should be legible, clear, and sharp at that size. Print your figure at 7.5 cm; is it legible, clear, and sharp? We may ask you to supply high resolution, print-quality versions of your figures. Font must be large, legible, and sans serif; Arial font is best. Use a white background No title or caption information in the figure. That information is entered elsewhere. Initial upper case letters are preferred except where SI requires lower case letters for unit abbreviations (e.g., dbh, ln). No border around your figures Color figures are encouraged. Please verify they will print well in black-and-white (and that colour selection would be distinguishable to people who are red-green colour-blind). Use shaded, or hatched bars in preference to color or black ones. Use italic lettering for single-letter variables, constants, and scientific names in illustrations to make them consistent with the text. Use bar graphs in preference to pie charts Example Figures: Appendices Appendices are not copy edited nor formatted prior to publication so authors must ensure that their appendix is formatted correctly. Appendices containing text, tables, and/or figures should be uploaded as PDF, formatted according the journal's style. The top margin of the appendix must be 4 cm. Include a heading and caption in your pdf, where the heading "Appendix #." is left aligned, bold, and the caption (not bold) is Sentence Case. Table and figure numbers in appendices should be keyed to the letter identifying that appendix: Fig. A1.1, for Figure 1 in Appendix 1; Table A2.3 for Table 3 in Appendix 2. Equations should be numbered similarly: A2.3, for Equation 3 in Appendix 2, and so on. Tables are formatted with a double line above the heading, and single lines below the heading and below the last table row. Enter all title and caption information when asked during the submission process, and upload each appendix as a separate file. Other appendices All nontext appendices, such as databases, video, or sound files may be uploaded using an appropriate filetype for the file contents. Appendices should be labeled logically to indicate content (i.e. "Program#.filetype", "Sound#.filetype"). Captions should describe the attachment fully (by content, file format, usage, software required to run them, etc.) and are uploaded separately during the submission process. Submission Preparation Checklist (All items required) • This work has not been published elsewhere, nor is it presently being considered for publication by another journal. If either of these conditions apply, provide complete details in a covering letter (below) to the editors. Failure to notify the editors is grounds for rejection. • I understand that Resilience Alliance is not for profit and charge a publication fee to offset costs of publishing articles that are freely available. The base cost is $975/manuscript. *Authors submitting to a Special Feature may have their fees covered by a separate funding source. Please make sure you know whether your fees are covered. • I understand that a manuscript longer than 5000 word will be subject to additional charges. • Use of figures and tables that have been published elsewhere is strongly discouraged. If use of such material simply cannot be avoided, the author MUST declare in a cover letter that such material is submitted receive written permission from the original publisher to use the materials in perpetuity (that is, without any time limit). You can download copyright permission forms at http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/submissions/publish.php and submit the completed form after your article is accepted for publication. • The text adheres to the formatting requirements outlined in the Author Guidelines (see About the Journal). • The text of the paper, and tables are in Rich Text Format (RTF). The body of the manuscript has no embedded figures, equations, or tables. • Equations and figures, if present, are correctly referenced in the body of the paper. (Have individual image files of the equations and figures ready for upload.) • If using an Agent-Based Model, the model has been archived with OpenABM (see http://www.openabm.org for details) OR I am NOT using an ABM. • I have checked with my co-authors about their names and affiliations. I understand that they will not be changed after publication. Copyright and Permissions Copyright © is held by the contributing authors. Please contact the authors for permission to use their material. As publisher Resilience Alliance requires that use of any work in whole or part be cited correctly; Author(s). Year. Title. Journal Volume (Issue) : Article Number. To use material cited within these papers (i.e., not the original work of the authors) you must contact the original copyright holders for permission. Privacy Statement All personal information entered in the journal site (including but not limited to names and email addresses) will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party. Using the Discussion Feature To facilitate thoughtful discussion about our articles we have added a "Discussion" feature. Discussion comments are not reviewed however will be moderated by journal management. Anyone can comment - just sign in and submit. To start or join a discussion you need an account. You already have an account if you have worked as a reviewer, author, editor, or have previously submitted comments. Otherwise you need to register. We do not share your information nor will we start sending you newsletters. To use Internet Explorer10 (IE) you must have the Compatibility View checked.  To do this: Using IE browse to the E&S website.  In the menu bar select "Tools" - if menu bar is not visible hit the "alt" key and it will appear at the top of the page. In the Tools dropdown list, about half way down "compatibility view" should be checked.  If it is not click on it. Now Internet Explorer will work. Editorial Board Editors-in-Chief   Carl Folke, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden Lance Gunderson, Emory University, USA Associate Editor-in-Chief Marco Janssen Founding Editor-in-Chief C. S. Holling    Managing Editors   Adele Mullie, Resilience Alliance, Canada Jennifer A Miner, Assistant Editor, Resilience Alliance, Canada    Editorial Board   Neil Adger, University of Exeter Arun Agrawal, University of Michigan, USA Craig R Allen, University of Nebraska, USA John M Anderies, Arizona State University, USA David G Angeler, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Derek Armitage, University of Waterloo Patricia Balvanera, Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Xavier Basurto, Duke University, USA Kamaljit Bawa, University of Massachusetts, USA Fikret Berkes, University of Manitoba, Canada Frank Biermann, Vrije University, the Netherlands Reinette Biggs, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden Örjan Bodin, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden Francois Bousquet, CIRAD Tera, France Emily Boyd, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences Katrina Brown, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus Stephen R Carpenter, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA Joshua Eli Cinner, ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University Robert Costanza, University of Vermont, USA Beatrice Crona, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden Graeme S. Cumming, University of Cape Town, South Africa Georgina Cundill, Rhodes University, CEAZA Vasilis Dakos, Department of Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management, Wageningen University Tom Downing, Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden Thomas Elmqvist, Stockholm University, Sweden Bruno J Ens, SOVON Vogelonderzoek Nederland Christo Fabricius, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa Joern Fischer Bruce C. Forbes, Arctic Centre, University of Lapland Ken Frank, Michigan State University, USA Jerry Franklin, University of Washington, USA Victor Galaz, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden Kathy Galvin, Colorado State University, USA Ahjond S Garmestani, Environmental Protection Agency, USA Stefan Gelcich, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Laboratorio Internacional en Cambio Global (LincGlobal: PUC-CSIC). Esporles, España. Marion Glaser, Senior Social Scientist, Social-Ecological Systems Analysis Group, Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT) at the University of Bremen, Germany Bruce Evan Goldstein, Environmental Design University of Colorado Line Gordon, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden Dave Huitema, VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands Marco A Janssen, Arizona State University, USA Roger Kasperson, Clark University, USA Ann P Kinzig, Arizona State University, USA Gary P Kofinas, University of Alaska Fairbanks Kasper Kok, Land Dynamics Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands Marianne E Krasny, Cornell University Eric Lambin, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment Steve Lansing, University of Arizona, USA Louis Lebel, Chiang Mai University, Thailand Maria Carmen Lemos, University of Michigan, USA Karin Limburg, SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry, USA Jianguo Liu, Michigan State University, USA Ariel Lugo, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Puerto Rico Bonnie McCay, Rutgers University, USA Harini Nagendra, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bangalore, India; Indiana University, USA Donald Nelson, University of Georgia, USA Christer Nilsson, Umea University, Sweden Jon Norberg, Stockholm University, Sweden Karen O'Brien, University of Oslo, Norway Per Olsson, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden Lennart Olsson, Lund University, Sweden Henny Osbahr, University of Reading, UK Claudia Pahl-Wostl, Institute of Environmental Systems Research, Unversity of Osnabrueck, Germany Ian Perry, Department of Fisheries & Oceans, Canada Garry D Peterson, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden Ryan Plummer, Brock University, Canada Stephen Polasky, University of Minnesota Charles L Redman, Arizona State University, USA Belinda Reyers, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research John Robinson, University of British Columbia, Canada Johan Rockström Anne K. Salomon, School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University Samuel M Scheiner, National Science Foundation, USA Maja Schlüter, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University Michael Schoon, Arizona State University, USA Ian Scoones, University of Sussex, UK Jan Sendzimir, International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria Marja Spierenburg, Dept. of Organisation Studies, VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands Will Steffen, Australian National University, Australia Robert Steneck, University of Maine, USA Sverker Sörlin, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden Kazuhiko Takeuchi, University of Tokyo, Japan Philip D Taylor, Acadia University, Canada Keith G Tidball, Cornell University, USA Emma L Tompkins, University of Leeds, UK Ronald L Trosper, University of Arizona Sander van der Leeuw, Arizona State University, USA Coleen Vogel, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa Brian Walker, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Australia Carl J Walters, University of British Columbia, Canada Frances R Westley, University of Waterloo, Canada James Wilson, University of Maine, USA Tracy Yandle, Emory University, USA Oran Young, Bren School, UC Santa Barbara, USA Henrik Österblom, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden