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期刊名称：EPIDEMIOLOGY ISSN： 1044-3983 出版频率： Bi-monthly 出版社： LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, USA, PA, 19103   出版社网址： http://journals.lww.com/ 期刊网址： http://journals.lww.com/epidem/pages/default.aspx 影响因子： 4.822 (2020年) 4.719(2018年) 4.991(2017年) 5.986(2016年) 6.075(2015年) 6.196(2014年) 6.178(2013年) 5.738 (2012年) 主题范畴： PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 期刊简介(About the journal)    投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)    编辑部信息(Editorial Board)    About the journal Epidemiology publishes original research from all fields of epidemiology. The journal also welcomes review articles and meta-analyses, novel hypotheses, descriptions and applications of new methods, and discussions of research theory or public health policy. We give special consideration to papers from developing countries. Official Journal of the The International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE)   Instructions to Authors EPIDEMIOLOGY publishes original research from all fields of epidemiology. The journal also welcomes review articles and meta-analyses, novel hypotheses, descriptions and applications of new methods, and discussions of research theory or public health policy. We give special consideration to papers from developing countries. EPIDEMIOLOGY publishes about 15% of all submitted manuscripts. The editors decline about two-thirds of submissions within 7-10 days of receipt; corresponding authors are notified promptly by e-mail. The rest are sent for double-blind peer review. Median time to first decision for reviewed manuscripts is just under 7 weeks, with 99% receiving a first decision within three months. Expedited review and publication is possible for time-sensitive papers. We do not consider pre-submission inquiries, because we can best evaluate your paper when we see the entire manuscript (see editorial). Published papers are eligible for the annual Rothman EPIDEMIOLOGY Prize, which includes an award of $3000. Original Research Articles (1500 to 4000 words in main text): Research articles should begin with a short introduction (background and reason for undertaking the work), followed by Methods, Results, and Discussion. Papers on methodology are not required to follow this structure. Papers may cite up to 40 references. Brief Reports and Hypotheses (up to 1500 words): We encourage short papers on small but interesting findings, or on creative hypotheses with strong plausibility. Review Articles (up to 5000 words): We welcome review articles. These should be written for a general epidemiologic audience. Meta-analyses (up to 5000 words): Authors may wish to consult PRISMA or other published guidelines for the conduct and presentation of meta-analyses. Commentaries (up to 2000 words): Commentaries may address any topic of interest to the epidemiologic community, including the implications of specific findings for public health policy. The Editors may select commentaries to be featured in "Epidemiology & Society." The editors occasionally invite commentaries on selected papers without consulting the authors; authors who wish to respond are free to do so through a letter to the editor. Letters (up to 400 words, 4 references): We invite critical responses to published papers. Research Letters (up to 600 words, 1 table or figure, 8 references): Research letters allow authors to present original data in a succinct format for rapid publication. Book or Software Reviews (up to 800 words): Authors interested in preparing a review of a recent book or new software should consult the Editor-in-Chief. Remembrances (up to 400 words, with photograph): The journal publishes brief memorials in honor of recently deceased epidemiologists. These should be signed, without references, and include a distilled combination of essential information (full name, dates of birth and death, main institutional affiliations and accomplishments) and personal anecdotes or memories (example). Back to top Essential Conditions Author Responsibility: All submitted manuscripts must be original contributions, not previously published (except as an abstract) and not under consideration for publication elsewhere. Authors must include any closely related manuscripts (published, in press, or under review) as part of the online submission. Results from related manuscripts should be discussed in the submitted manuscript, providing readers with a synthesis of findings (see editorial). If any part of a manuscript is copied directly from another paper (even a paper by the same authors), set that text in quotation marks and provide the reference (including the page number of the quotation). The Editorial Office is able to check manuscripts for duplication with published papers; offenders are not treated kindly. Each author must qualify for authorship by the criteria of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Conflicts of interest: Authors must state all possible conflicts of interest in the manuscript, including financial, consultant, institutional and other relationships that might lead to bias or a conflict of interest. If there is no conflict of interest, this should also be explicitly stated as “none declared.” All sources of funding should be acknowledged in the manuscript. All relevant conflicts of interest and sources of funding should be included on the title page of the manuscript with the heading “Conflicts of Interest and Source of Funding.” Copyright Transfer: Before a paper can be published, each author must complete and submit the journal’s copyright transfer agreement, which includes a section on the disclosure of potential conflicts of interest based on the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, “Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals” (www.icmje.org/update.html). The form is available on the manuscript submission page http://www.editorialmanager.com/epid/ and can be completed and submitted electronically. Please note that authors may sign the copyright transfer agreement form electronically; for additional information about electronically signing this form, go to http://links.lww.com/ZUAT/A106. All author signatures do not have to be on the same form. Completed conflict-of-interest forms must be submitted online through Editorial Manager. Original Articles and Brief Reports: Completed forms may be submitted either with original submission or at first revision. Revised papers cannot be processed without a completed form. All others (commentaries, letters, etc.) must include the completed form at first submission. Once a manuscript is accepted, it cannot be published elsewhere in similar form, in whole or in part, in any language, without permission from Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Authors can request this permission by clicking on "Permissions Requests" at the top of this Web page. Research Ethics and Informed Consent: It is the authors' responsibility to verify that any study involving human subjects has been approved by the committee on research ethics at the institution where the research was conducted, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association. State in the manuscript that such approval was received and, where applicable, that study participants gave informed consent. Permissions: The use of direct quotations, tables, or illustrations published elsewhere requires written permission from the copyright owner (usually the original publisher), along with full details about the source. Any permissions fees that might be required by the copyright owner are the responsibility of the authors. Compliance with Research Funding Agency Accessibility Requirements: Several funding agencies request or require authors to submit the post-print version of their article (the version after peer review and acceptance, but not the final published article) to a repository that is accessible online without charge. As a service to our authors, the publisher will notify the National Library of Medicine about articles that require deposit, and will transmit to PubMed Central the post-print version of articles funded in whole or in part by the National Institutes of Health, Wellcome Trust, or the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Authors must provide this funding information as part of the Copyright Transfer Agreement in order to initiate this process. Back to top Manuscript Submission We provide a Web-based manuscript review system for online submission of manuscripts (Editorial Manager). You can follow your paper’s progress through the editorial process on the Web site. If you have any problems, contact EPIDEMIOLOGY’s Journal Manager Jennifer Deer, (e-mail: editor@epijournal.org; phone: 919.667.1688; fax: 919.680.4599). Back to top Manuscript Preparation Cover Letter: Your cover letter should state that the paper and the data have not previously been published, either in whole or in part (unless as an abstract), and that no similar paper is in press or under review elsewhere. The cover letter should also state potential conflicts of interest and list closely related papers that are included with the submission. While the cover letter should not repeat the main points of the abstract, authors are welcome to state what they believe to be the main contribution of their paper. Upload the cover letter as a separate file when you submit the manuscript. Title Page: Include the following details on the title page: Type of manuscript (Original Article, Brief Report, etc.) Manuscript title (simple, direct, and without naming the specific study). See editorial. Authors' full names (without degrees) and affiliations at the time the work was done Corresponding author’s name and mailing address, telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail address Suggestion for a running head (abbreviated title, up to 50 characters) Sources of financial support (including granting agency and grant number if applicable); in particular the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Wellcome Trust, or the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), which have special requirements for manuscript access. Acknowledgements (including colleagues who contributed to the research but who do not meet the requirements for authorship) Upload the title page as a separate file when you submit the manuscript. Style: We prefer text with clear, declarative sentences in the active voice (see Writing for Epidemiology). “The best prose is written in a tolerant and cool voice. If you are temperate and measured, and if you marshal your evidence with the attitude that your reader is a friend you want to persuade rather than a foe you want to slay, you will probably have a better chance of carrying your point.” Richard Marius, 1985. Once manuscripts are accepted, we edit and return them to the author for final approval. All co-authors are responsible for all parts of their paper, including changes made by the manuscript editor and approved by the corresponding author. Submissions should conform to the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals. For details of style and format, consult the AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (10th edition). In order to facilitate blind review, please remove obvious identifying information from all parts of the manuscript except the title page. Avoid acronyms unless they are widely recognized (eg, HIV is acceptable but UGH is not [Uveitis Glaucoma Hyphema syndrome]). Define acronyms and abbreviations at first mention in text (see editorial). Use metric and SI units of measure. Footnotes are acceptable in tables but not in the main text or figures. Use lower-case letters as footnote symbols, in alphabetical order within each table. Manuscripts should be in a standard word processing format. We prefer Microsoft Word but we can also use RTF, TXT, LaTeX2e, and AMSTex. Application software programs released before 2001 are not supported. Errors in proof are more likely with programs other than Microsoft Word. For such papers, careful checking of galleys is particularly important. For papers with numerous mathematical formulae, we prefer LaTeX2e or Word with Arial Unicode font. If using MathType, use Arial Unicode or Symbol font. Format all files for 8.5 X 11-inch paper with at least a 1-inch (2.5-cm) margin on all sides. Use 12-point Times New Roman or similar font. Number the pages but do not provide other information in headers or footers. Double-space all text, and align text only on the left side. When specifying brand names for software programs, equipment, etc., include the company name and location in parentheses. METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES Significance Testing: We strongly discourage the use of categorized P-values and language referring to statistical significance (see discussion of this topic). Replication: The editors encourage authors to provide information that enables other researchers to replicate their analyses (see editorial). For example, include: Counts for cell numbers in crude analyses Analytic code used for the analysis of publicly available data Code used to develop and analyze simulation data Source of data, if publicly available Interactions: Authors who report interactions should present effects of the separate exposures and their joint effects (with confidence intervals)—each relative to the group not exposed to either factor. An equivalent approach is to report the relevant parameters from a regression model (ie, the individual coefficients for both exposures and their product term) (see editorial). Precision: Avoid an excessive number of decimal places (pseudo-precision). For example, percents should be in whole numbers. (see editorial). Study participation: Provide detailed information on the number and response proportions at each step in the assembly of the study population and analysis of data (see editorial). FOR RESEARCHERS FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Resources, including a mentoring program, are available to help researchers in developing countries publish their work. Consult AuthorAID. Authors of papers on environmental epidemiology can sign up for AuthorAID through a special program of the International Society of Environmental Epidemiology. Researchers from low-income countries can use the World Health Organization’s HINARI program for free or low-cost access to the medical and public health literature. MANUSCRIPT SECTIONS Abstract: Research articles should have a structured abstract, with headings for Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusions. The Methods section should identify the study population, study years, and location, if appropriate. Unstructured abstracts are allowed for unstructured papers (eg, methodology papers). Abstracts are limited to 250 words (150 words for Brief Reports); these do not count as part of the article word count. Do not include references in abstracts. Use abbreviations sparingly. Enter the abstract in 2 places: the appropriate box in Editorial Manager and also in the main text file. Discussion: Policy implications of research results are reserved for commentaries, and may not be included in research reports (see editorial) Tables: Prepare tables using the “Table” feature of your word processing software. Tables from Excel or other spreadsheet programs are not usable. Number tables in order of their presentation in text. Double-space tables, and use no lines except horizontal lines in the headings. (See any issue of EPIDEMIOLOGY for examples.) Give tables clear titles, without repeating details from the text. Explanatory footnotes should be labeled with lower-case letters, in alphabetical order. Editorial Manager requires each table to be submitted as a separate document. Figures: Well-designed figures can enhance papers greatly. Aim for clarity and simplicity, using words and numbers sparingly. Make font sizes as large as possible. Show ratio measures (such as odds ratios) on a logarithmic scale. Submit figures exactly as you would like them to appear in print. Figures are typically published as one column width (8.5 cm); prepare them approximately this size. A) Creating Digital Artwork Learn about the publication requirements for Digital Artwork: http://links.lww.com/ES/A42 Create, Scan and Save your artwork and compare your final figure to the Digital Artwork Guideline Checklist (below). Upload each figure to Editorial Manager in conjunction with your manuscript text and tables. B) Digital Artwork Guideline Checklist Here are the basics to have in place before submitting your digital artwork: Artwork should be saved as TIFF, EPS, or MS Office (DOC, PPT, XLS) files. High resolution PDF files are also acceptable. Crop out any white or black space surrounding the image. Diagrams, drawings, graphs, and other line art must be vector or saved at a resolution of at least 1200 dpi. If created in an MS Office program, send the native (DOC, PPT, XLS) file. Photographs, radiographs and other halftone images must be saved at a resolution of at least 300 dpi. Photographs and radiographs with text must be saved as postscript or at a resolution of at least 600 dpi. Number figures in the order they are discussed in the text. For figures with several parts, label each part alphabetically (A, B, etc.) in the upper left corner of the figure. Color figures are printed at the author's expense (see Publication Charges). We invite good-quality black-and-white photographs of general relevance to the topic of the manuscript; these are published when space permits. You must have written consent of identifiable persons in the photographs. Please submit each figure, including multi-part figures, as a separate file. To help with the upload of multiple figure files, authors may create a zip file containing all files. Figures should not be embedded in the manuscript text file. Figure Legends: Provide brief legends for each figure on a separate manuscript page. This page should follow the references and be included as part of the text file. Online Supplemental Material: Electronic appendices can be used to provide additional text, nonessential figures, supplemental tables, study questionnaire, details regarding study methods, and other material. The paper should be able to stand without this supplemental material; if information is essential, it should be part of the paper itself. Supplemental material is not necessarily peer-reviewed. Cite supplemental content in the text as eAppendix, eTable, etc. and enter it into Editorial Manager as part of the submission process. If possible, create one PDF file containing all supplemental materials. This material will be published online as you submit it, without copyediting. The online supplemental material is considered to be part of the article and thus is covered by the article’s Copyright Transfer Agreement form. For more information about the publisher’s requirements for supplemental digital content, go to http://links.lww.com/A142. Questionnaires: We request that you include the questionnaires on which data are based (either the entire questionnaire or a subset of the key analytic variables) as an eAppendix. If the questionnaire is online elsewhere, provide the link. References: Number the references in order of appearance in the text, tables and figures, and list them immediately after the main text. Reference numbers in the text should be superscripts placed after the period or comma. Do not use automatic numbering software. If your manuscript was set up with automatic numbering, remove the linkage between citation numbers and the references. Double-space references. Cite unpublished data (such as personal communications or papers under review) in the text in parentheses. Personal communications require the name of the source, date, and type of communication. Follow the reference style given in the AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors (10th edition). Sample references can also be found below. For more than 6 authors, list only the first 3, followed by "et al." Verify all references using MEDLINE. Abbreviate journal names as listed in the Journals Database section of the MEDLINE Web site. Back to top Examples of Reference Style Journal article 1. Botto LD, Lynberg MC, Erickson JD. Congenital heart defects, maternal febrile illness, and multivitamin use: a population-based study. Epidemiology. 2001;12:485-490. NOTE: If the journal article is an editorial, commentary, letter or abstract, include this word in brackets following the title of the article. Book chapter 2. Greenland S. Applications of stratified analysis methods. In: Rothman KJ, Greenland S, eds. Modern Epidemiology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998:288-300. Entire book 3. MacMahon B, Pugh TF. Epidemiology: Principles and Methods. Boston: Little Brown and Co.; 1970. Online journals 4. Harsha HC, Kandasamy K, Ranganathan P, et al. A compendium of potential biomarkers of pancreatic cancer. PLoS Med 2009;6(4):e1000046. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000046. Web Site 5. National Cancer Institute. PDQ® - NCI’s Comprehensive Cancer Database. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cancerdatabase. Accessed April 14, 2009. Unpublished material (personal communications and unpublished papers, including papers submitted but not yet accepted) should be cited in the text as follows: (AK Smith, written communication, June 2003) (SB Jones, unpublished data, 2003) Back to top Checklist for Submitted Manuscripts Please review the list below to be sure you have all relevant components of your submission. See specifications above for each component. Order the components in Editorial Manager as follows: Cover letter Title page Abstract (entered into Editorial Manager abstract box and as part of the text file) Text file (including abstract, references and figure legends) Tables (numbered, with title) Figures (numbered, without legends; legends are included in the text file) Authorship Responsibility, Financial Disclosure, and Copyright Transfer forms signed by all authors Electronic appendices for online publication Copies of any related publications Back to top Open access LWW’s hybrid open access option is offered to authors whose articles have been accepted for publication. With this choice, articles are made freely available online immediately upon publication. Authors may take advantage of the open access option at the point of acceptance to ensure that this choice has no influence on the peer review and acceptance process. These articles are subject to the journal’s standard peer-review process and will be accepted or rejected based on their own merit. Authors of accepted peer-reviewed articles have the choice to pay a fee to allow perpetual unrestricted online access to their published article to readers globally, immediately upon publication. The article processing charge for EPIDEMIOLOGY is $3,000. The article processing charge for authors funded by the Research Councils UK (RCUK) is $3,800. The publication fee is charged on acceptance of the article and should be paid within 30 days by credit card by the author, funding agency or institution. Payment must be received in full for the article to be published open access. Authors retain copyright Authors retain their copyright for all articles they opt to publish open access. Authors grant LWW a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Creative Commons license Articles opting for open access will be freely available to read, download and share from the time of publication. Articles are published under the terms of the Creative Commons License Attribution-NonCommerical No Derivative 3.0 which allows readers to disseminate and reuse the article, as well as share and reuse of the scientific material. It does not permit commercial exploitation or the creation of derivative works without specific permission. To view a copy of this license visit: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0. Compliance with NIH, RCUK, Wellcome Trust and other research funding agency accessibility requirements A number of research funding agencies now require or request authors to submit the post-print (the article after peer review and acceptance but not the final published article) to a repository that is accessible online by all without charge. As a service to our authors, LWW identifies to the National Library of Medicine (NLM) articles that require deposit and transmits the post-print of an article based on research funded in whole or in part by the National Institutes of Health, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, or other funding agencies to PubMed Central. The revised Copyright Transfer Agreement provides the mechanism. LWW ensures that authors can fully comply with the public access requirements of major funding bodies worldwide. Additionally, all authors who choose the open access option will have their final published article deposited into PubMed Central. RCUK and Wellcome funded authors can choose to publish their paper as open access with the payment of an article process charge (gold route), or opt for their accepted manuscript to be deposited (green route) into PMC with an embargo. With both the gold and green open access options, the author will continue to sign the Copyright Transfer Agreement (CTA) as it provides the mechanism for LWW to ensure that the author is fully compliant with the requirements. After signature of the CTA, the author will then sign a License to Publish where they will then own the copyright. Those authors who wish to publish their article via the gold route will be able to publish under the terms of the Attribution 3.0 (CCBY) License. To view of a copy of this license visit: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/. Those authors who wish to publish their article via the green route will be able to publish under the rights of the Attribution Non-commercial 3.0 (CCBY NC) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/). It is the responsibility of the author to inform the Editorial Office and/or LWW that they have RCUK funding. LWW will not be held responsible for retroactive deposits to PMC if the author has not completed the proper forms. FAQ for open access http://links.lww.com/LWW-ES/A48 Back to top Page Proofs and Corrections Authors have the opportunity to check the copyedited and typeset article before publication. The corresponding author will receive an e-mail with the typeset pages. Please send corrections to the editorial office within 48 hours; if you need additional time, you may contact the editorial office to request an extension. It is the authors’ responsibility to ensure there are no errors. Only the most critical changes to ensure accuracy are allowed at this stage. Changes that have been made to conform to journal style will stand if they do not alter the authors' meaning. The publisher reserves the right to deny changes beyond those that are absolutely necessary. Authors may be charged for alterations to the proofs beyond those required to correct errors or to answer queries. Papers are typically posted online ahead-of-print. Please review your paper once again when it has been posted; there may still be time to correct errors, depending on publication schedule. Publisher's contact: For questions about accessing the proofs or other production issues, contact: Laura Meyd: 410.528.4403 (phone); 410.558.6849 (fax); laura.meyd@wolterskluwer.com Back to top Reprints and Publication Charges Reprints: Authors will receive a reprint order form from the publisher. Reprints are normally shipped 6-8 weeks after publication. Electronic reprints are also available. Purchasing ePrints enables you to redistribute the PDF file either by e-mail or by posting it to your website. You can also order paper or electronic reprints from the journal’s home page. Contact the Author Reprint Department with any questions (800.341.2258 or reprints@lww.com). Publication charges: There is no charge for publication of up to four published pages. Authors are charged $65 per page for pages 5-7 and $90 for each additional page. The charge for the first color figure is $750. Each additional color figure is $150. Billing follows publication. Questions on billing should be addressed to the Author Reprint Department (800.341.2258 or reprints@lww.com). Editorial Board Founder and Editor Emeritus Kenneth J. Rothman Editors Emeriti Jonathan M. Samet  (2001-2007) Dale P. Sandler (2001-2007) Sholom Wacholder (2002-2009) Editorial Board Alvaro Alonso Minneapolis Ben Armstrong London Adrian Barnett Brisbane Olga Basso Montreal  Michelle Bell New Haven Bert Brunekreef Utrecht Basile Chaix Paris Simon Cauchemez London Stephanie Engel Chapel Hill Maria Glymour San Francisco Sonia Hernández-Díaz Boston Robert Hoover Bethesda Marshall Joffe Philadelphia Haidong Kan Shanghai Mirjam Knol Bilthoven Peter Kraft Boston Nino Kuenzli Basel Timothy Lash Winston-Salem Marc Lipsitch Boston Matthew Longnecker Durham Richard MacLehose Minneapolis Maya Petersen Berkeley  Lianne Sheppard Seattle Til Stürmer Chapel Hill Jordi Sunyer Barcelona Tyler VanderWeele Boston Stijn Vansteelandt Ghent Sverre Vedal Seattle Jacco Wallinga Bilthoven Anna Wu Los Angeles