Editors, Advisors and Independent Referees
Normally a paper is read by the handling Editor and two other persons, who may be Editorial Advisors, independent referees or both. The main task of the advisors and referees is to make recommendations on the acceptability of a paper. If rejection of a paper is recommended, or if there is any serious disagreement between those who have read the paper, the final decision is made by the Editor or Editors. Normally each paper is handled throughout by an Editor who will, if the paper is acceptable, make amendments and will request revision or shortening. Once the Editor(s) is satisfied, the paper is then prepared for press by an in-house sub-editor. In this final process, attention is paid to grammar and the detailed conventions of the Journal.
Submission of papers
The Chief Editors may decide to make a repaid refusal if a submission does not meet minimum criteria of scientific rigour, and relevance and interest to the Journal's readers. Submission of a paper implies that it has been approved by all the named authors, and that it reports unpublished work, that it is not under consideration for publication in whole or in part elsewhere, and that if accepted by Alcohol and Alcoholism it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, either in English or in any other language, without the consent of the Editors.
Papers that are scientifically acceptable but need revision because they are not clear and concise or do not conform sufficiently to the conventions of Alcohol and Alcoholism will be returned to the authors for amendment.
Conflicts of Interest
At the point of submission, Alcohol and Alcoholism's policy requires that each author reveal any financial interests or connections, direct or indirect, or other situations that might raise the question of bias in the work reported or the conclusions, implications, or opinions stated - including pertinent commercial or other sources of funding for the individual author(s) or for the associated department(s) or organization(s), personal relationships, or direct academic competition. When considering whether you should declare a conflicting interest or connection please consider the conflict of interest test: Is there any arrangement that would embarrass you or any of your co-authors if it was to emerge after publication and you had not declared it?
As an integral part of the online submission process, Corresponding authors are required to confirm whether they or their co-authors have any conflicts of interest to declare, and to provide details of these. If the Corresponding author is unable to confirm this information on behalf of all co-authors, the authors in question will then be required to submit a completed Conflict of Interest form to the Editorial Office. It is the Corresponding author’s responsibility to ensure that all authors adhere to this policy.
If the manuscript is published, Conflict of Interest information will be communicated in a statement in the published paper.
Reprints and permissions
All communications about reprints should be addressed to the Publisher: Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, UK. Authors will receive a URL linking them to a press ready PDF version of their published work, free of charge. Additional printed copies can be purchased by using the Oxford Journals Author Services site. Requests for consent for reproduction of material from the Journal should be addressed to the Publisher.
Quotations of personal communications When such a quotation is made the authors should provide written evidence of permission from the person(s) concerned to be quoted. Such reference to personal communications should be made only in the text, not in the list of references.
Consent for publication
When a typescript is submitted please send a letter to the Chief Editor signed by all the authors giving consent for publication in the Journal including the following statement: 'This paper has not been, nor will be, published in whole or in part by any other journal'. The senior author may, for reasons of convenience, submit a written and signed authorization by another co-author(s) for him(her) to sign on his(her) behalf, if such a co-author(s) is likely to be absent during the week of submission. In submitting illustrations or photographs, only one original is required, four photocopies should be enclosed with the four copies of the paper. The original manuscript and figures will be discarded one month after publication unless the Publisher is requested to return original material to the author(s).
Title page
The title of the paper should be given in full, together with the name(s) of the author(s), address(es) of the Laboratory or Unit(s) in which the work was performed, the address, telephone, fax and e-mail numbers of the author to whom correspondence concerning the handling of the paper should be sent. A running title for the paper and a list of no more than six key words should also be provided. A copy of the journal should be consulted for the journal style.
Abstract
An Abstract of between 3 and 5% of the total length of the paper (60 words for Rapid Communications) should precede the text. The Abstract must include a brief summary of the work done and the conclusions reached. It must not include any introductory material nor description of methods used or statistical comparisons of results. The Abstract should be structured into the following sections: Aims, Methods, Results and Conclusions.
Style of papers
Typing should be on one side of white paper of uniform size, no smaller than quarto, double-spaced and with wide margins on either side of the typed text.
Spelling should conform to that of the Oxford English Dictionary. Full stops are not allowed in contractions or abbreviations; ATP,11 g/dl, etc.
Language Editing
Particularly if English is not your first language, before submitting your manuscript you may wish to have it edited for language. This is not a mandatory step, but may help to ensure that the academic content of your paper is fully understood by journal editors and reviewers. Language editing does not guarantee that your manuscript will be accepted for publication. If you would like information about one such service please click here. There are other specialist language editing companies that offer similar services and you can also use any of these. Authors are liable for all costs associated with such services.
Tables
Each Table should be typed on a separate sheet and should be supplied with a heading and an explanatory legend. The heading and legend should make the general meaning comprehensible without reference to the text. The heading, which should precede the Table details, must be short but informative, and must not include any details of any kind. Conditions specific to the particular experiment should be stated in the legend, which should be placed at the bottom of the Table. Reference to the text for general experimental methods is permissible provided that there is no ambiguity. Footnotes should be as few as possible. The units in which the results are expressed, e.g. g/dl, should be given at the top of each column, and not repeated on each line of the Table. Words or numerals should be repeated on successive lines; 'ditto' or ' are not to be used. The approximate positions of the Tables should be indicated in the text.
Illustrations
Each illustration should be submitted electronically; each should bear the author's name, the title (abbreviated if necessary) of the paper and the Figure number. All photographs, diagrams and charts (both line and half-tone) should be referred to as Figures, given Arabic numerals numbered consecutively in the order in which they are referred to in the text. The approximate position of each Figure in the text should be indicated in the text.
Figure legends must be typed on a separate sheet at the end of the paper. Each Figure should be supplied with a heading and legend which should make the general meaning comprehensible without reference to the text. The heading must be short but informative and must not contain any details of any kind nor be merged with the legend. The legend should then be started on a separate line and should include details specific to the particular experiment. Reference to the text for general experimental details is permissible provided that there is no ambiguity.
Figures should be provided as jpg or tif files (publication quality min 300 d.p.i. at final print size).
Reproduction of half-tone illustrations (photographs)
The magnification, if any, is to be indicated; this is best done by adding a bar representing a stated length. The Editors will accept plates for publication only (a) when they make a significantly important scientific or clinical contribution to the paper, and (b) when the photographs supplied are of a quality that justifies publication in this form. Illustrations are usually reproduced in black and white. Authors wishing to submit colour illustrations will be asked to contribute towards the costs (350 GBP/600 USD per page)
Footnotes
These should be avoided as far as possible. When they must be used, as in Tables, reference should be made by the symbols *, **, ***, ?, ??, ???, in that order.
Acknowledgements
These must be as short as possible.
Animals and their diets
The full binomial Latin names should be included for all experimental animals other than common laboratory animals. The strain, and the source of laboratory animals should be stated. The diet on which the animals are maintained should also be stated together with the address of the source from which it has been obtained.
Ethics of animal experimentation
Animal experiments should be performed in accordance with the legal requirements of the local or national authority. Procedures should be such that animals do not suffer unnecessarily. For example, a study in which procedures lead to deaths of more than 10% of the animals will not be considered. Similarly, a paper using a procedure performed without anaesthetic in which the animals can be assumed to have suffered will not be considered. In short, the Editors will not accept papers where the ethical aspects are, in their opinion, open to doubt and which used procedures that would not be acceptable in the countries of the majority of readers of this journal.
Ethics of human experimentation
The Editors agree with the principles laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) [British Medical Journal (1964) ii, 177-178; see also the Report of the Medical Research Council for 1962-63, pp. 21-25]. Authors should ensure that their work complies with these declarations. Papers describing experimental work with humans should include a statement that the Ethics Committee of the Institution in which the work was performed has approved it, and should state that the subjects have given informed consent to the work. If necessary, the Editors may require to see a copy of the ethical approval.
Wider ethical guidelines
Alcohol and Alcoholism subscribes to the Farmington Consensus statement [see Alcohol and Alcoholism 33, 6-7 (1998)] and the Ethical Practice Guidelines of the International Society for Addiction Journal Editors (ISAJE), which can be accessed on the ISAJE website (http://isaje.com)
The ISAJE guidelines have been developed after consultation with recommendations and other documents produced by a variety of bodies, including those of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), modification of the latter by Drug and Alcohol Dependence, the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), Office of Research Integrity, and the 'Integrity in Science' project of the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI).
Conflict of Interest
This journal takes a serious view on various ethical issues related to publishing in this field. As well as familiarizing themselves with guidelines relating to these issues at the ISAJE website and elsewhere, authors should also pay special attention to issues related to 'conflict of interest' before submission of their work to this journal.
Authors should each declare to the Chief Editors any interests which could constitute a real, potential or apparent conflict of interest with respect to his/her involvement in the publication, between: (1) commercial entities and the participant personally; (2) commercial entities and the administrative unit with which the participant has an employment relationship. 'Commercial entity' refers to any company, business, industry, association (e.g. trade association), organization, or other unit with commercial interest.
Authors must declare to the Chief Editors any significant financial or other relations (e.g. directorship, consultancy or speaker fee) of him(her)self with companies, trade associations, unions or groups (including civic associations and public interest groups) that may gain or lose financially from the results or conclusions in the study, review, commentary, editorial or Letter to the Editors.
All sources of funding for the study, review or other items should be declared in the typescript. Funding sources should be described in a way that allows the average reader to recognize any potential conflicts of interest.
Clinical trials
Authors reporting controlled treatment trials should follow the CONSORT guidelines, which can be accessed on the CONSORT website.
For cluster randomised trials (also called community based trials, place based trials, field trials), please follow the advice of Campbell, M. K. et al. (2004) CONSORT statement, in the British Medical Journal 328, 702-708. Extension to cluster randomised trials.
Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors reporting studies of diagnostic accuracy should follow the checklist and flow diagrams recommended by the STARD initiative (Bossuyt et al., British Medical Journal, 2003; 326, 41-44).
Experimental hazards
Authors should draw attention to any particular chemical or biological hazard that may be involved in carrying out the experiments described. Where appropriate, the safety precautions that were taken should be stated. Alternatively, a statement may be included to indicate that an acceptable code of practice has been followed, with references to the relevant standards.
SI units
Alcohol and Alcoholism uses the recommended SI symbols for units [see Pure and Applied Chemistry (1970) 21, 1-44; IUPAC Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physico-chemical Quantities and Units (1979) Pergamon Press, Oxford].
Other technical information
Details of technical data, e.g. chromatography, enzymes, isotope experiments, and other physical aspects and constants, mathematics and abbreviations of biochemicals are as published in the Biochemical Journal (1993) 289, 1-15.
Statistics
The Editors emphasize the importance of correct statistical design, analysis and presentation. Authors are advised to consider all statistical aspects at the stage of planning the project, as badly designed studies may not be salvageable later. Statistical methods should be specified explicitly and referenced if they are non-standard. Estimates presented should be accompanied by indices of precision (e.g. means accompanied by confidence intervals). Authors are advised to consult the following: Altman, DG, Gore, SM, Gardner, MJ and Pocock, SJ. (1983) Statistical guidelines for contributors to medical journals. British Medical Journal 286: 1489-93.
References
This is a modified Harvard style system. In the text, references for papers by more than two authors are given as the first author followed by et al. When more than one reference is mentioned at a time in the text, the references should be listed chronologically. In the list of references, the references should be typed double-spaced in alphabetical order and entries should be as follows:
(a) Journal references: (1) Authors' names; (2) year of publication; (3) title of paper: (4) abbreviated journal name; (5) volume number; (6) first and last page numbers. When there are more than seven authors, the first three authors are given, followed by et al.
Example: Badawy AA-B, Punjani NF, Evans M. (1981a) The role of liver tryptophan pyrrolase in the opposite effects of chronic administration and subsequent withdrawal of drugs of dependence, on rat brain tryptophan metabolism. Am J Hum Genet 196: 171-80.
(b) Book references: (1) Authors' names; (2) year of publication; (3) title of article; (4) title of book and volume number, if any; (5) editor(s); (6) first and last page numbers of article; (7) city of publication; (8) publisher's name.
Example: Alkana RL and Noble EP. (1979) Amethystic agents - reversal of acute ethanol intoxication in humans. In Majchrowicz E and Noble EP (eds), Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Ethanol, Vol. 2, pp. 349-74. New York: Plenum Press.
Only papers published or accepted for publication (and therefore in press) can be included in the list of references. Personal communications, unpublished work or work submitted for publication should not be entered in the list of references, but can be quoted only in the text. Similarly, a paper presented at a conference cannot be considered as a publication and should not therefore be listed, unless it appeared as an Abstract in a Journal.
Drug and dosage selection
Authors must make every effort to ensure the accuracy of information, particularly with regard to drug selection and dose. However, appropriate information sources should be consulted, especially for new or unfamiliar drugs or procedures. It is the responsibility of every practitioner to evaluate the appropriateness of a particular opinion in the context of actual clinical situations and with due consideration to new developments.
Corrections to proofs
Authors are sent PDF page proofs by e-mail. Authors are fully responsible for corrections of any typographical errors. To avoid delays in publication, proofs should be checked immediately for typographical errors and returned by email or fax (+44 (0)1865 353798) to Oxford University Press.
Offprints
Authors will get a free URL link to their article online. Additional offprints can be ordered using the Oxford Journals Author Services site.
Copyright
Upon receipt of accepted manuscripts at Oxford Journals authors will be invited to complete an online copyright licence to publish form.
It is a condition of publication in Alcohol and Alcoholism that authors grant an exclusive licence to the Journal, published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Medical Council on Alcohol. This ensures that requests from third parties to reproduce articles are handled efficiently and consistently and will also allow the article to be as widely disseminated as possible. In assigning the Licence, Authors may use their own material in other publications provided that the Journal is acknowledged as the original place of publication, and Oxford University Press is notified in writing and in advance. Upon receipt of accepted manuscripts at Oxford Journals authors will be invited to complete an online copyright licence to publish form.
Please note that by submitting an article for publication you confirm that you are the corresponding/submitting author and that Oxford University Press ("OUP") may retain your email address for the purpose of communicating with you about the article. You agree to notify OUP immediately if your details change. If your article is accepted for publication OUP will contact you using the email address you have used in the registration process. Please note that OUP does not retain copies of rejected articles.
Authorship
All persons designated as authors should qualify for authorship. The order of authorship should be a joint decision of the co-authors. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the content. Authorship credit should be based on substantial contribution to conception and design, execution, or analysis and interpretation of data. All authors should be involved in drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content, and must have read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Assurance that all authors of the paper have fulfilled these criteria for authorship should be given in the covering letter.
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