期刊名称：PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
 期刊简介(About the journal)
投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)
编辑部信息(Editorial Board)
About the journal
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PNAS is one of the world's most-cited multidisciplinary scientific serials. Since its establishment in 1914, it continues to publish cutting-edge research reports, commentaries, reviews, perspectives, colloquium papers, and actions of the Academy. Coverage in PNAS spans the biological, physical, and social sciences. PNAS is published biweekly in print, and daily online in PNAS Early Edition. PNAS Online receives nearly 4 million hits per month. |
 | The PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES USA (PNAS) publishes research reports, commentaries, perspectives, and colloquium papers. In accordance with the guiding principles established by George Ellery Hale in 1914, PNAS publishes brief first announcements of Academy members' and foreign associates' (hereafter referred to as members) more important contributions to research and of work that appears to a member to be of particular importance. PNAS is a general science journal with a broad scientific audience. All papers should be intelligible to this audience.
Research Reports describe the results of original research of exceptional importance.
Commentaries call attention to papers of particular note and are written at the invitation of the Editorial Board.
Perspectives present a viewpoint on an important area of research and are written at the invitation of the Editorial Board.
Colloquium Papers are reports of scientific colloquia held under Academy auspices.
Instructions to Authors
Editorial Policies
Submission and Review | Journal Policies
Submission and Review
Manuscripts may be submitted to PNAS through any of the following three tracks:
Track I. An Academy member may "communicate" manuscripts for others that are within the member's area of expertise. Prior to submission to PNAS, the member obtains outside reviews of the paper from at least two qualified referees, each from a different institution and not from the authors' institutions.
Track II. Authors (members or non-members) may submit their manuscripts directly to the PNAS office. In a cover letter, authors must name up to three Editorial Board members and five other NAS members who are expert in the paper's scientific area. The Editorial Board may choose a member as editor for the paper who is not on that list or may reject the paper without further review. The member-editor conducts the review of the paper as described for Track I. A list of members including research interests is on the PNAS home page (see NAS members). Authors may also suggest qualified referees. The name of the member-editor, who may remain anonymous to the author until the paper is accepted, will be published in PNAS as editor of the article.
Track III. An Academy member may submit his or her own manuscripts for publication. Members' submissions must be accompanied by the name of knowledgeable colleague(s) who reviewed the paper, along with the review(s).
All Tracks. Manuscripts submitted under any of the three tracks are evaluated by the Editorial Board. The Board may reject manuscripts without further review or may subject manuscripts to review and reject those that do not meet the standards of the journal. Manuscripts rejected by one member cannot be resubmitted through another member. When revisions are requested prior to final decision, revised papers must be received within three months or they will be treated as new submissions.
In the journal, Track I, II, and III papers are distinguished respectively as "Communicated by," "Edited by," and "Contributed by" the responsible member. Track II papers have an additional identifying footnote.
Journal Policies
(i) Articles are accepted provided they have not been PUBLISHED PREVIOUSLY or concurrently submitted for publication elsewhere. Three copies of any closely related manuscripts in press or submitted for publication elsewhere by the authors must be included.
Figures or tables that have been published elsewhere must be identified, and permission of the copyright holder for both the print and the online editions of the journal must be provided.
(ii) AUTHORSHIP should be limited to those who have contributed substantially to the work. The corresponding author must have obtained permission from all authors for the submission of each version of the paper and for any change in authorship.
(iii) All authors, members, referees, and editors must disclose any association that poses a CONFLICT OF INTEREST in connection with the manuscript. Authors must acknowledge all funding sources supporting the work.
(iv) A completed form assigning COPYRIGHT to the National Academy of Sciences must be returned to the PNAS office before the paper can be published. This and other forms are available in the back of each issue and at www.pnas.org/misc/forms.shtml.
(v) The Academy may distribute EMBARGOED copies of an article to the press prior to publication.
(vi) Research involving HUMAN AND ANIMAL SUBJECTS must have been approved by the author's institutional review board. All clinical investigation must have been conducted according to the principles expressed in the Declaration of Helsinki.
(vii) For research using RECOMBINANT DNA, physical and biological containment must conform to National Institutes of Health guidelines or those of a corresponding agency.
(viii) Authors must make UNIQUE MATERIALS (e.g., cloned DNAs; antibodies; bacterial, animal, or plant cells; viruses; and computer programs) promptly available on request by qualified researchers for their own use. Failure to comply will preclude future publication in the journal. Contact the Editor-in-Chief if you have difficulty obtaining materials.
(ix) DATABASES: Accession codes must be supplied for publication. A footnote indicating that the data have been deposited will be added to the paper.
Protein and Nucleic Acid Sequences. Authors should submit manuscripts containing nucleotide sequences to:
GenBank/EMBL/DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) at GenBank
National Center for Biotechnology Information
8600 Rockville Pike, Building 38A, Room 8N-803, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA
Phone 1-301-496-2475
E-mail (submissions) gb-sub@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
E-mail (information) info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
An accession number must be obtained before the manuscript is published.
Structures of Oligonucleotides. Authors must deposit these data directly with the Nucleic Acid Database or its equivalent at deposit@ndbserver.rutgers.edu.
Structural Studies. Authors of papers describing new structure determinations must submit to the Protein Data Bank at the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics or its equivalent, all structural data required to validate the discussion, including x-ray amplitudes and the derived atomic coordinates. For nuclear magnetic resonance structures, data deposited should include resonance assignments and all restraints used in structure determination and the derived atomic coordinates for both an individual structure and a family of acceptable structures. Articles must include literature references for all coordinate datasets as well as dataset identification. Authors must agree to release the coordinates when the article is published.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Studies. Authors should deposit these data directly with the fMRI Data Center at www.fmridc.org.
(x) SUPPORTING INFORMATION: Supporting Information provides a way to enhance papers in PNAS by providing additional substantive material. Supporting Information is reviewed along with the paper but instead of appearing in the printed version of the journal, is distributed via the PNAS web site at the time of publication. Supporting Information is referred to at the appropriate point in the text and cannot be altered by authors after papers have been accepted.
Supporting Information may take the form of supplemental figures, tables, datasets, derivations, and videos. Authors should express their interest in their cover letter to include Supporting Information with their paper. In addition, editors may suggest that part of the submitted data could be more suitably presented online only to save journal space and to focus the article. (Details available on request from pnas@nas.edu.)
(xi) PNAS EARLY EDITION: PNAS articles are published daily online before print at www.pnas.org in PNAS Early Edition. Papers are published online 1 to 5 weeks before they appear in print. Authors who return proofs quickly and keep changes to a minimum get maximum publication speed.
A paper in Early Edition is the publication of record, in final form. The official publication date is posted with the article online.
Procedures for Submitting Manuscripts
Contact Information | Publication Charges | Manuscript Preparation | Manuscript Length | Manuscript Format
Contact Information
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 500 Fifth Street, NW, NAS 340, Washington, DC 20001 USA. Courier or express mail: PNAS, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, NAS 340, Washington, DC 20418 USA.
Phone 1-202-334-2679, fax 1-202-334-2739, e-mail pnas@nas.edu.
Publication Charges
Page charges. PNAS depends, in part, on the payment of page charges for its operation. Payment of the page charge of $70 per printed page is requested from all authors who have funds available for that purpose. Payment of $100 per article is also requested for Supporting Information for the web. Articles are accepted or rejected for publication and published solely on the basis of merit.
Color charges. Payment by authors of the following additional costs is expected: $525 for each color figure or table; $150 for each replacement or deletion of a color figure or table; $200 for Color Supporting Information that must be scanned. A single figure is defined as original art that can be processed as a unit and printed on one page without intervening type. Requests for waiver of color charges should be submitted to the Editor-in-Chief.
Manuscript Preparation
Submitting Online Manuscripts. Authors submitting directly (Track II) must submit Adobe Acrobat PDFs of their papers via the web at www.pnas.org/misc/submission.shtml. Members submitting papers through Tracks I and III should also submit via the web. Authors of Track I papers will be provided a URL for file submission after the Member has initiated the process. Supporting Information may also be submitted online. Online submission expedites the editorial process and reduces the cost and delay of photocopying and mailing. The PNAS sizing worksheet also appears online as an interactive form to aid in calculating the character count.
Submitting Print Manuscripts (Tracks I and III only). Submit five complete copies of the manuscript in final form, double-spaced, pages numbered, plus one set of print-quality figures, four sets of review-quality figures, and one photocopied set of figures. Include manuscript text, digital art, and Supporting Information, each on separate computer disks. Identify the platform, program, first author, date, and file name on each disk label. Also include the completed Copyright Assignment/Documentation Report Form, the character count breakdown of the final manuscript, disclosure of any associations that pose a conflict of interest, acknowledgement of all funding sources, the classification of the paper, and references according to PNAS style.
- Text on Disk. Print manuscripts must be accompanied by a computer disk containing the final text. The version on the disk must match the hard copy. Guidelines for papers submitted in TeX or LaTeX are at www.pnas.org/misc/texdoc.pdf. Supporting Information should be on separate disks, clearly marked "Supporting Information for the Web" with the title, corresponding author's name, file names, and the name and version of programs used to create the files. Five paper copies should also be supplied, similarly marked.
- Figures. Original drawings, high-quality photographs, or laser prints are required (halftones should be high-quality originals or photographs). For color figures, submit one set of prints for the printer at final size (preferably 1 column width), or slides with a print or a color photocopy indicating magnification and cropping, and four sets of high-quality prints. Label the back of each figure with the first author's name, the figure number, the orientation (top), and the desired final size. Return of figures cannot be guaranteed.
| Print Submission Checklist |
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Five complete copies of the manuscript in final form, double-spaced, pages numbered. |
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One set of figures for the printer, four sets of high-quality figures, and one photocopied set of figures. |
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The final version of the text and any digital art and Supporting Information for the Web, each on a separate computer disk. Identify the platform, program, first author, date, and file name on the disk label. |
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The completed Copyright Assignment/Documentation Report Form. |
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The Character Count Breakdown of the final manuscript. |
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Disclosure of associations that pose a conflict of interest, and acknowledgment of all funding sources. |
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The classification of the paper. |
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References according to PNAS style. |
Manuscript Length.
PNAS generally uses a two-column format averaging 60 characters, including spaces, per line. The maximum length of a research article is six printed pages or 47,000 characters, including all text, spaces, and the number of characters displaced by figures, tables, and equations. The total number of characters equals:
- The number of characters including spaces in the text (include all parts except tables), plus
- The height in cm of each figure at desired printed size x 180 for a one-column figure or x 360 for a two-column figure, plus
- The height in number of lines of each table x 60 for a one-column table or x 120 for a two-column table, plus
- A 120-character allowance for the space above and below each single column of a figure, table, or equation, plus
- An additional 60 characters for each one-column line of equation.
- A table that has lines with more than 60 characters plus spaces or a figure that is wider than 8.7 cm takes up two columns in width.
If the word processing program character count excludes spaces, add the word count to the character count to obtain a character count that includes spaces.
Authors will be responsible for additional charges incurred due to shortening overlong papers in proof.
| Sample Character Count (Provide Breakdown with Manuscript) |
| Material |
Character count |
| All text characters (including title page, abstract, legends, references) plus spaces |
25,660 |
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| Fig. 1 (1-column, 16 cm high = 180 x 16) |
2,880 |
| Fig. 2 (1-column, 12 cm high = 180 x 12) |
2,160 |
| Fig. 3 (1-column, 21 cm high = 180 x 21) |
3,780 |
| Fig. 4 (1-column, 11 cm high = 180 x 11) |
1,980 |
| Fig. 5 (2-column, 17 cm high = 360 x 17) |
6,120 |
| Table 1 (2-column, 23 lines high = 120 x 23) |
2,760 |
| Equations [one 2-line and one 1-line eq., 1-col. = (3 x 60)] |
180 |
| Space Allowance |
| 4 single-column figures (4 x 120) |
480 |
| 1 double-column figure (1 x 240) |
240 |
| 1 double-column table (1 x 240) |
240 |
| 2 single-column equations (2 x 120) |
240 |
| Total characters in paper (must not exceed 47,000) |
46,720 |
Manuscript Format
General Format | Nomenclature and Style | Abbreviations and Symbols
General Format
Title Page. Include the following information on this page.
- Classification: Select a major (Physical, Biological, or Social Sciences) and a minor category from the following. Dual classifications are permitted between major categories and in exceptional cases, subject to Editorial Board approval, within a major category.
- Physical Sciences: Applied Mathematics, Applied Physical Sciences, Astronomy, Chemistry, Computer Sciences, Engineering, Geology, Geophysics, Mathematics, Physics, and Statistics.
- Biological Sciences: Agricultural Sciences, Anthropology, Applied Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Genetics, Immunology, Medical Sciences, Microbiology, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Physiology, Plant Biology, Population Biology, and Psychology.
- Social Sciences: Anthropology, Economic Sciences, Psychology, Political Sciences, and Social Sciences.
- Title: Titles should be simple, informative, and comprehensible for a broad scientific audience. Authors should avoid nonstandard abbreviations. Titles are limited to three lines or 135 characters including spaces in the printed journal.
- Author affiliation: Include department, institution, and complete address for each author. If there are authors with different affiliations, use superscripts to match authors with institutions.
- Corresponding author: The name, complete address, telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail address of the author to whom correspondence and proofs should be sent. Mailing and e-mail addresses will appear in print and online.
- Manuscript information: The number of text pages (including references and figure legends), of figures, and of tables.
- Word and character counts: The number of words in the abstract and the total number of characters in the paper.
- Abbreviations footnote: List nonstandard abbreviations used five or more times. Define these where first mentioned in the text and do not use them in the title.
- Data deposition footnote: Supply all database accession numbers and/or codes.
Abstract. Provide an abstract of no more than 250 words on page 2 of the manuscript. Abstracts should explain to the general reader the major contributions of the article. References in the abstract must be cited in full.
Text. Describe procedures in sufficient detail so that the work can be repeated. Methods should be presented before Results and Discussion. Follow the spelling and usage given in Webster's Third New International Dictionary or the Random House Dictionary of the English Language. Avoid laboratory jargon. Correct chemical names should be given and strains of organisms should be specified. Trade names should be identified by an initial capital letter with the remainder of the name lowercase. Names and addresses of suppliers of uncommon reagents or instruments should be provided. Use Syst¨¨me International (SI) units and symbols whenever possible. When SI units are not used, the factor for conversion should be provided on first usage.
Footnotes. Use symbols in the order *,  ,  , ? ?  , **, , , §§, ¶¶.
Acknowledgments. List dedications, acknowledgments, and funding sources.
References. References must be in PNAS style. Only published or in-press papers and books may be cited in the reference list. Abstracts of papers presented at meetings are not permitted. References should be cited in numerical order as they appear in text. Because tables and figures will be inserted in the text where first cited, references in these sections should be numbered accordingly. All authors (unless there are 10 or more) should be named in the citation. If 10 or more, list the first 10 names followed by et al.
Databases are cited in the text or as footnotes.
The corresponding author must be prepared to provide a signed authorization for the citation of unpublished data and personal communications.
Journal articles are cited as follows:
10. Neuhaus, J.-M., Sitcher, L., Meins, F., Jr., & Boller, T. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 10362-10366.
For correct abbreviations of journal titles, refer to Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI).
Articles or chapters in books are cited as follows:
14. Hill, A. V. S. (1991) in Molecular Evolution of the Major Histocompatibility Complex, eds. Klein, J. & Klein, D. (Springer, Heidelberg), pp. 403-420.
Figure Legends. Provide these separately from figures.
Nomenclature and Style.
International standards on nomenclature should be used. For recommended style guides, nomenclature, abbreviations, and symbols, see www.pnas.org or contact the PNAS office.
Editorial Board
PNAS Editor-in-Chief
Nicholas R. Cozzarelli
PNAS Associate Editor
Jack Halpern
PNAS Editorial Board
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