期刊名称：OPHTHALMOLOGY
 期刊简介(About the journal)
投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)
编辑部信息(Editorial Board)
About the journal
Ophthalmology
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Ophthalmology, the official journal of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, publishes original, peer-reviewed reports of research in ophthalmology, including basic science investigations and clinical studies. Topics include new diagnostic and surgical techniques, treatment methods, instrument updates, the latest drug findings, results of clinical trials, and research findings. Ophthalmology also publishes major reviews of specific topics by acknowledged authorities. |
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Abstracting / Indexing
- BIOSIS
- Chemical Abstracts
- Current Contents
- EMBASE
- Hospital Literature Index
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- Index Medicus
- International Nursing Index
- Science Citation Index
- Social Sciences Citation Index
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Instructions to Authors
Ophthalmology adheres to the policies set forth in the "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals" written by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (N Engl J Med 1997;336:309-14).
Authorship. The Journal expects each author to have made a significant intellectual contribution to the research project and/or to the writing of the manuscript. Authors must take full responsibility for their contributions and have approved the final manuscript. (Lundberg GD, Glass RM. What does authorship mean in a peer-reviewed medical journal? [Editorial] JAMA 1996;276:75.)
Annual Meeting Papers. The Journal office must be informed if the manuscript will be presented as part of the requirements for a platform presentation at the AAO Annual Meeting. The Journal office will assign a manuscript number for tracking purposes and ensure that proper credit is given to the author for the required submission. The author is responsible for notifying the Journal if a manuscript number has been previously assigned to ensure proper credit. Presenters who fail to submit required manuscripts to the Journal by the meeting deadline will be excluded by the Program Committee from participation in the Annual Meeting scientific program for 2 years. All manuscripts, figures, and correspondence relating to Annual Meeting papers must be labeled with the preassigned manuscript number.
Study Design Worksheets. Ophthalmology requires compliance with the CONSORT statement (see Appendix Opthalmology 2000;107:199-220). (Begg C, Cho M, Eastwood S, et al. Improving the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCT): the CONSORT statement. JAMA 1996;276:637-9. Also see JAMA 1997;277:76-7). Authors submitting manuscripts other than RCTs are strongly encouraged to submit a completed Study Design Worksheet appropriate to the research described (see Appendix Opthalmology 2000;107:199-220). The Journal's study design scheme and the corresponding worksheets have evolved to aid authors and reviewers in the organization of manuscripts and to improve the quality of peer review. These appear in the January, 2000 issue, are available on the Home Page (www.eyenet.org/ophthalmology) and from the Journal office.
Group Authorship (Study Group). The Journal requires that all manuscripts list an author or group of individuals responsible and accountable for the text. Generally, only individuals who have made substantial contributions to writing the text should be listed as authors. If a Study Group authorship is preferred, without listing one or more individuals on the title page, the individual or individuals (writing committee) responsible for the text must be clearly identified in footnotes or acknowledgments.
Acknowledgments in Serial Manuscripts from Group Studies. Acknowledgments of technical help, study coordination, case contributions, scientific advice, or other expert consultation will be allowed once in any series of Study Group manuscripts. New personnel added after the original manuscript may be acknowledged once in a subsequent publication (see Acknowledgments section).
Acknowledgments. The Journal does not print acknowledgments for those who reviewed, discussed, edited, or typed a manuscript, or gave "technical," "helpful," "crucial," or "moral" support or similar collegial aid to the authors. The Journal does not publish acknowledgments of individuals who, by virtue of doing their job, contributed to the implementation of the study, e.g., secretaries, clinic coordinators, technicians, ophthalmic photographers, or technologists. At the request of the author, the Journal will acknowledge those who referred patients, translated references, provided extensive statistical assistance, or provided essential tissue, equipment, or other materials without which the study could not have been completed. (See Ophthalmology 1988;95:293-4 [Editorial], The Author Wishes to Thank. . . .)
Commercial Interests. It is expected that each author will disclose in a cover letter to the Editor-in-Chief any individual or family investments, stock ownership exceeding 1% of a company's worth, consulting, retainers, patents, or other commercial interests that could cause or be perceived to be a conflict of interest. Mutual funds, retirement accounts, and so forth need not be mentioned. Such disclosure will not affect the review of the manuscript. A statement that no such conflicting relationship exists is encouraged, when appropriate, on the title page if any commercial connection between the authors and the topic may be suspected.
Prior and Repetitive Publication. The Journal will not consider manuscripts that have appeared in part or in total in other publications, except in special circumstances by approval of the Editor-in-Chief. Updates of previously published studies that add little data to an existing publication will not be considered. Overlap between patient groups described in serial manuscripts must be acknowledged, and references to previous publications that include the same patients must be provided. Authors uncertain as to whether or not specific data represent prior or repetitive publication should alert the Editor-in-Chief in the transmittal letter and include copies of the publications in question.
Precedence. Authors who claim precedence for an idea, observation, or therapy are well advised to thoroughly review existing literature and to also include an appropriate disclaimer--"We were unable to find any previous report of this in the literature" or "As far as we are aware, this has not been previously reported." Be aware that many widely read journals are not currently included in databases, such as that of the National Library of Medicine.
Rejection by Other Journals. Rejection by another journal will not compromise a review by Ophthalmology. Authors are encouraged to inform the Editor-in-Chief of rejection by another journal and to include copies of the previous review commentary and author responses.
Informed Consent. Manuscripts reporting the results of experimental investigation on human subjects must include a statement to the effect that informed consent was obtained. If the study being reported involved human subjects, human derived materials, or human medical records, please include one of the three following statements in the Materials/Patients and Methods section.
1. Institutional Review Board (IRB)/Ethics Committee approval was obtained.
2. IRB/Ethics Committee approval was not required for this study.
3. This study was conducted at a site that has no IRB/Ethics Committee. Animal Studies. If animals were used in a study, the manuscript should include the appropriate IRB approval statement.
Review Process. The Journal does not reveal the identity of its reviewers but does send pertinent comments back to the corresponding author. Usually two and sometimes several reviewers will participate in the review of a manuscript. Re-review may be required after revision if, in the judgment of the Editor-in-Chief, sufficient modification of the manuscript or data justifies another review cycle. The Journal strongly advises statistical consultation about data collection and analysis.
Statistics. Statistical methods must be identified in table footnotes, illustration legends, or text explanations. Software programs used for complex statistical analyses must be identified to enable reviewers to verify calculations.
Precis. All manuscripts must include a one sentence precis (35 words or less) summarizing the main finding/outcome of the study on a separate page (page 2). The precis should not duplicate the abstract conclusion. Papers will NOT be sent for review if unaccompanied by a precis. If the paper is published, the precis will appear under the title in the Table of Contents.
Ocular Trauma Terminology. Terminology used in descriptions of ocular trauma should conform to the recommendations of the United States Eye Injury Registry and the International Society of Ocular Trauma (Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology [BETT], Kuhn F, Morris R, Witherspoon D, et al. A standardized classification of ocular trauma. Ophthalmology 1996;103:240-3).
MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION
Title Page. The title page should include the following information:
1. Title--meaningful and as brief as possible. No longer than 135 characters. Declarative titles should not be used.
2. Names of authors--provide first name, middle initial, last name, advanced degrees, and professional certification. The Journal does not print society affiliations.
3. Institutional affiliation--indicate each author's affiliation during the course of the study in footnotes on the title page using superscript numbers, not symbols (e.g., Ronald Smith1).
4. Meeting presentation--if the material has been previously presented, supply the name, place, and date of the meeting.
5. Financial support--identify all sources, public and private. Provide the agency name and city, company name and city, fellowship name, and grant number.
6. Proprietary interest statement--see Commercial Interests. Each author is expected to disclose any type of financial interest that is related to the manuscript, including stock or ownership of a business entity connected to a product described in the paper, paid consulting for the company or competing companies, or patent rights to a drug or piece of equipment. Authors must disclose personal or family ownership or potential rights to more than 1% of the company or competing company and whether or not they have any interest in marketing any product, drug, instrument, or piece of equipment discussed in the manuscript.
7. Running head--no longer than 60 characters.
8. Address for reprints if they are to be made available.
Structured Abstract. Each manuscript must include a structured abstract of no more than 350 words. The abstract must appear on a separate page (page 3) immediately following the precis page and should include seven separate sections: Objective or Purpose, Design, Participants, and/or Controls, Intervention or Methods or Testing, Main Outcome Measures, Results, and Conclusions. The author must select the one most appropriate heading for each of the seven abstract sections. Manuscripts without the required structured abstract will not be reviewed until the required abstract is received. The Participant section may be deleted for a single case report (see Definition section). Deletions of required sections must be justified in the transmittal letter to the Editor-in-Chief.
Structured Abstract Section Definitions.
Objective or Purpose: Concisely states the study goal. Design: Identifies the study design using a phrase such as randomized or nonrandomized clinical trial, case-controlled study, cross-sectional study, cohort study, case series, case report, systematic review, meta-analysis, review, experimental study, or historical manuscript. Definitions of study design terms and recommended modifiers appropriate for the Journal (retrospective, prospective, observational, interventional, etc.) are listed in an appendix Glossary on the Journal Home Page.
Participants and/or Controls: States the number of persons or eyes studied and the number of controls if a separate control group is included. If a single case is being described, the study Design section should indicate Case Report, modified by interventional or observational as appropriate and the Participants and/or Controls section may be deleted.
Intervention or Methods or Testing: Describes the principal treatment(s), procedure(s), test(s), or observation(s) performed.
Main Outcome Measures: Defines the main parameter(s) being measured (i.e. IOP, vision, ERG, inflammation, etc.).
Results: Briefly summarizes the principal measurements (data) obtained.
Conclusions: States the conclusion(s) derived from the data analysis.
Text. All manuscripts must follow generally recognized standards for presenting scientific material. See CBE Style Manual, 6th ed. (Council of Biology Editors; 1995). Type size (True Type fonts) should be 10, 11, or 12 point. The Introduction, without a heading, should refer only to the most pertinent past publications and should not be an extensive review of the literature. Intervention or Methods or Testing should be written with sufficient detail to permit others to duplicate the work. Results must be concise. Discussion should be restricted to the significant findings presented. Digressions and theorizing are not appropriate.
Text Length. The average published manuscript in Ophthalmology, including references, is 6.5 pages in length. This corresponds, depending on font size and printing, to about 16-24 pages of a double-spaced draft.
References. References should follow text and begin on a separate page. They must be double-spaced and numbered consecutively in order of appearance in the text. In text, designate references by superscript numbers following all punctuation (except semicolons).
1. List only references that you have read and that are pertinent to the manuscript.
2. Cite only published studies as references. You may acknowledge "unpublished data" or "submitted" articles within parentheses in the text. Reference to a "personal communication" within parentheses in the text must be accompanied by a signed permission letter from the individual being cited.
3. Abstracts such as those published in the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) annual meeting programs are considered "unpublished" and should be cited in parentheses in the text. For example:-- by Smith et al [Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 28 (Suppl):54, 1989].
4. Oral or poster presentations are similarly unpublished and may be cited only in parentheses in the text. Platform and poster presentations at annual meetings are customarily indicated: (Smith AB, presented at the AAO Annual Meeting, New Orleans, 1998).
5. Books or articles "in press" may be cited as numbered references. These must be updated before publication, if possible.
Journal abbreviations should be those used by the National Library of Medicine, as found in Index Medicus. If in doubt as to the correct abbreviation, cite the complete journal name. Please follow precisely the format and punctuation shown in the following examples or copy the format used in recent issues of Ophthalmology. Do not underline journal titles. Do not use periods in abbreviations of journal titles or in author initials. To expedite publication, include a photocopy of the title page of each paper cited to aid verification. These must be submitted with the first revision.
Journal Article--(If four or fewer authors, list all)
Fishman GA, Alexander KR, Milam AH, Derlacki DJ. Acquired unilateral night blindness associated with a negative electroretinogram waveform. Ophthalmology 1996;103:96-104.
Journal Article--(If five or more authors, list only the first three and add et al)
Vail A, Gore SM, Bradley BA, et al. Clinical and surgical factors influencing corneal graft survival, visual acuity, and astigmatism. Ophthalmology 1996;103:41-9.
Chapter in a Book--
Parks MM, Mitchell PR. Cranial nerve palsies. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, eds. Duane's Clinical Ophthalmology, revised ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1993; v. 1, chap. 19.
Book--
Miller NR. Walsh and Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed. Vol. 4. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1991; 2102-14.
Letter to the Editor--
Sneed SR, Blodi CF, Berger BB, et al. Pneumocystis carinii choroiditis in patients receiving inhaled pentamidine [letter]. N Engl J Med 1990;322:936-7.
Tables. Tables should follow references. Each table must be titled and numbered consecutively using Arabic numbers mentioned in text. Each column must have a heading. All abbreviations must be explained in the legend. Please do not type more than one table per page.
Legends. Figure legends (photos, drawings, graphs) should follow tables. Figures must be numbered consecutively as they appear in text. Histologic figures, stains, and magnifications should be noted in the legends. Any figure that has been published elsewhere should have an acknowledgment to the original source; a copy of the release to publish the figure, signed by the copyright holder, must also be submitted. Legends must identify all symbols or letters that appear on the prints.
Abbreviations. Restrict abbreviations to those that are widely used and understood. Avoid abbreviations that have meaning only in the context of your specific manuscript. An abbreviation should appear first in parentheses immediately after the term or phrase to which it refers.
Drug/Manufacturer Names. Use generic names only in the text body. Include the trade name of a particular drug, cited in parentheses, after the first use of the generic name. In the case of equipment, include manufacturer's name, city, state, and/or country.
Illustrations. Submit four identical complete sets of prints in four separate envelopes, noting which copy should go to the printer. High-quality laser copies of color prints may be substituted if necessary to reduce expense. Each print (or copy) must be separately labeled with the author's name, figure number, and an indication (arrow) as to orientation (up). Put all information on a separate label on the back of the illustration to avoid writing on or damage to the prints. Clinical photographs should be masked when possible to prevent identification of the patient. Clinical photographs that permit identification of an individual (exposing eyes and nose or below) must be accompanied by a signed statement by the patient or guardian granting permission for publication of the pictures for educational purposes. Prints of illustrations (clinical photographs, fluorescein angiography, CT, MRI, X-ray, photomicrographs, TEM, SEM, data tables, graphs) must be large enough to be easily read, preferably 5 [times] 7 inches. Prints must not exceed 8 [times] 10 inches. Digital Enhancement of Images. The Journal recognizes that original images (photographs, photomicrographs, X-rays, ultrasound images, CT/MRI, gels) may be digitally enhanced. Images submitted for publication which have been so altered must be identified in illustration legends and accompanied by four copies of original non-altered images for paired review by referees.
Color Reproduction of Illustrations. The Journal may provide one page of color illustrations per year for each primary author without charge, at the discretion of the Editor-in-Chief, if color illustration best conveys the information being illustrated. Additional color pages may be published at the author's expense. Please check with the Journal office or the publisher for information.
Number of Copies. Four complete copies of the manuscript and accompanying illustrations or pictures must be submitted. If submitted, four copies of the appropriate Study Design Worksheet (see Appendix Ophthalmology 2000;107:199-220) must also be included. One copy of the manuscript and illustrations should be designated as "Original."
Transmittal Letter. Each submission must be accompanied by a letter to the Editor-in-Chief. It must identify the corresponding author, list any meetings where the material is under consideration for presentation or has been previously presented (e.g., the American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting), and disclose any conflict of interest (see Commercial Interests and Prior and Repetitive Publication). Deletion of a required Abstract section must be justified. The transmittal letter must include a copyright transfer. The editorial office must be supplied with phone and fax numbers for the corresponding and first author(s). E-mail addresses, if available, should also be provided. The editorial office must be notified by phone, fax, or e-mail of any changes in the order of authorship, author name change, or address and/or phone number of the corresponding or first author. Always indicate the manuscript number in subsequent communications or correspondence.
Copyright. Consideration of manuscripts for publication in Ophthalmology is dependent on the assurance that the material (in whole or part) is not under consideration by another journal, is not in press in any other format, and has not been previously published. Each author must sign a statement transferring copyright ownership to the American Academy of Ophthalmology. All signatures must be mailed; faxed signatures are not acceptable. Authors may request a Copyright Transfer form from the Journal office or alternatively, the following statement, signed by each author, may accompany the manuscript transmittal letter:
In consideration of the journal, Ophthalmology, taking action in reviewing and editing my (our) manuscript, the author(s) undersigned hereby transfers, assigns, or otherwise conveys all copyright ownership to the American Academy of Ophthalmology in the event that such work is published in the journal Ophthalmology. Such conveyance covers any product that may derive from the published journal, whether print or electronic.
Authors who work for the federal government should sign the following statement:
The above-named article is a work of authorship prepared as part of the undersigned author's (authors') official duties as an officer or employee of the US government and is therefore in the public domain. Should, however, the article ever be determined to be copyrightable, I (we) hereby transfer, assign, or otherwise convey all copyright ownership in the above-named article to the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
Receipt of Manuscript. Each manuscript will be acknowledged in the order received in the Journal office. The acknowledgment letter will note the number assigned to the manuscript. All subsequent inquiries about the manuscript must indicate the manuscript number.
Computer (word processor) Discs. The Journal office requires the submission of computer (word processing) discs with final versions of accepted manuscripts. These will be sent to the publisher and will facilitate rapid and accurate typesetting.
Publication Process. The corresponding author receives typeset page proofs and the copyedited manuscript. Each author is expected to proofread all pages carefully and answer all queries posed by the copy editor. All page proofs must be returned to the publisher within 72 hours of receipt to avoid delay in publication.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Reprints. A reprint order form will accompany your copyedited manuscript and page proofs. You must return this form with your corrected page proofs, whether or not you order reprints. The cost of reprints increases significantly if they are ordered after the initial print run. Reprints, except special orders of 100 or more, are available only from authors.
Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by the American Academy of Ophthalmology, Inc. [This applies to libraries and others registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the base fee of $20.00 is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Dr., Danvers, MA 01923.]
Author's Checklist1. One original and three copies of manuscript and illustrations. Manuscript double-spaced, including references; pages numbered; all illustrations labeled.
2. Copyright release signed by all authors. Faxed signatures are not acceptable.
3. Transmittal letter to Editor-in-Chief with appropriate conflict of interest (disclosure) statement and complete address of corresponding and first author(s), including current phone, fax, and e-mail information.
4. Proper title page, precis page, and complete structured abstract.
5. Permission forms for any previously published illustrations.
6. Appropriate IRB statement in text.
7. Appropriate acknowledgment of sponsors and grants.
8. Photocopies of the first page of each cited reference, including the chapter page for book references (due at the time of submission or with the first revision).
9. Manuscripts describing randomized controlled trials must be accompanied by four copies of a completed CONSORT Worksheet.
10. Authors submitting manuscripts other than RCTs are strongly urged to submit four copies of the appropriate Study Design Worksheet.
11. All AAO Annual Meeting papers and illustrations labeled with the preassigned manuscript number.
Manuscripts will not be accessioned and processed until all required items are received.
Please refer to Ophthalmology, Volume 107, Issue 1, pp. 199-220 for the Appendix.
Editorial Board
Editor-in-Chief:
Andrew P. Schachat*
Associate Editor-in-Chief:
Henry Jampel*
Editorial Board:
D.R. Anderson, Miami, FL
R.W. Beck*, Tampa, FL
J.D. Brandt, Sacramento, CA
W.A. Chambers, II, Washington, DC
T.S. Chang, Los Angeles, CA
S.H. Day, San Francisco, CA
W.R. Freeman, La Jolla, CA
G.J. Jaffe, Durham, NC
R.E. Kalina, Seattle, WA
Y. Kitazawa, Gifu, Japan
R. Klein, Madison, WI
R.A. Lewis, Associate Editor, Genetics, Houston, TX
M.G. Maguire, Philadelphia, PA
S.A. McCormick, New York, NY
J.S. Mindel*, New York, NY
A.J. Mueller*, Muenchen, Germany
D.C. Musch, Ann Arbor, MI
S.A. Newman, Charlotteville, VA
J.M. O'Brien*, San Francisco, CA
D.M. O'Day, Nashville, TN
R.F. Steinert, Boston, MA
R.A. Stone, Philadelphia, PA
A. Sugar, Ann Arbor, MI
R. Varma, Los Angeles, CA
T.A. Weingeist, Iowa City, IA
R. Wormald, London, England
Editorial Staff:
V. Doyle, Managing Editor
M. Walker, Associate Managing Editor
T. Juhasz, Editorial Assistant
Academy Staff:
R.A. Zorab, VP, Ophthalmic Knowledge
H. Straus, Director of Publications
* Member, Editorial Advisory Committee
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