期刊名称：JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
 期刊简介(About the journal)
投稿须知(Instructions to Authors)
编辑部信息(Editorial Board)
About the journal
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Including Letters in Applied Microbiology & Annual Symposium. The Official Journals of the Society for Applied Microbiology.
NEW! Journal of Applied Microbiology's ISI Impact Factor for 2002 is 1.819
Journal of Applied Microbiology publishes research and review papers on all aspects of applied microbiology; including environmental, food, agricultural, medical, pharmaceutical, veterinary, taxonomy, soil, systematics, water and biodeterioration. Papers reporting work on all microorganisms, including viruses, are welcomed providing they demonstrate new findings of relevance to the field as a whole.
Rapid Production: Average time from acceptance to publication is now around 5 months.
OnlineEarly Now Available
Journal of Applied Microbiology now publishes OnlineEarly papers - fully reviewed and revised articles published online in advance of publication in a forthcoming printed issue. Print ISSN: 1364-5072
Online ISSN: 1365-2672
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Instructions to Authors
Quick Links...
The Preparation and Presentation of Manuscripts
The aim of this Journal is to publish high quality papers within 4¨C5 months of receipt of a revised and accepted manuscript. Manuscripts should be drafted as concisely as possible. As space in the Journal is at a premium the Editors always reserve the right to require authors to reduce the length of their manuscripts. Manuscripts will be returned to authors, without review, if they exceed this limit or if the English is not of a publishable standard.
Format of papers
Manuscripts should be prepared using a word-processor. Text must be double-spaced, and the right hand margin justification should be switched off. Similarly, artificial word breaks at the end of lines must be avoided. A margin of at least 2.5 cm should be left around the text. The pages of the manuscript must be numbered consecutively, and should have line numbers. Do not use the carriage return (enter) at the end of lines within a paragraph. Turn the hyphenation option off.
The first page should show: (a) the title; (b) name(s) of author(s) and place(s) where the work was done; (c) an abbreviated running headline not exceeding 35 letters and spaces; (d) the name, complete mailing address, email address, telephone and fax numbers of the author to whom all correspondence should be addressed and who will check the proofs.
Authors may be advised that short papers not exceeding four published pages would be better placed in Letters in Applied Microbiology.
Submissions to the Journal of Applied Microbiology can be made either online or by post. Please do not duplicate submissions.
Online submission
Authors are strongly encouraged to submit their manuscripts online at http://appliedmicrobiology.manuscriptcentral.com/ to ensure the speediest review. If you experience difficulties submitting your manuscript online you should first contact the Editorial Assistant jam@oxon.blackwellpublishing.com. A helpline for technical support is accessible from the ¡®Get Help Now¡¯ icon on the online submission site. Save your complete manuscript as a Word document (.doc), Rich Text Format (.rtf), Portable Document Format (.pdf) or PostScript (.ps) file. The file will be converted to a PDF upon upload online. All original files that you upload will be available in the "original Files / Files Not For Review" section and can be accessed by the editorial office if necessary.
Postal submission
Three copies of the manuscript, mailed in a strong and secure envelope, together with a typescript of paper(s) cited as 'in press' and evidence in support of the statements 'personal communications' or 'unpublished observations', if appropriate, should be sent to:
Manuscript Submissions
Editorial Assistant (JAM)
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
9600 Garsington Road
Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK
Email: Editorial Office
In addition, there should be a signed statement from all listed authors agreeing to publication. The manuscript must be double-spaced, on one side of A4 (21 x 29.5 cm) paper and clearly printed.
Authors must submit a copy of the manuscript on disk (the version of the hard copy and the file(s) on disk must be the same). These should be PC-compatible. Note the software used, the type of computer, and any special (non-keyboard) characters used. Always enclose a hard copy of figures and tables. Disks will not be returned to authors.
As the Society for Applied Microbiology is a registered charity to economize with increasing postal charges, rejected manuscripts are not returned, but on application Figures and Plates will be returned.
1. Full-length papers
The paper should have as its aim the development of concepts as well as the recording of facts. The manuscript should be prepared for a wide readership. As far as possible the paper should present the results of a substantial programme of research. Sequential publication of numbered papers will not be permitted.
The paper will have the following sections:
(a) SUMMARY: a brief summary of about 150-200 words, should give the major findings of the investigation under the following headings: Aims; Methods and Results; Conclusions; Significance and Impact of Study. A List of between five and eight keywords should be added.
(b) INTRODUCTION: a balance must be struck between the pure and applied aspects of the subject;
(c) MATERIALS AND METHODS: ensure that the work can be repeated according to the details provided;
(d) RESULTS: well prepared tables and figures must be a cardinal feature of the 'Results' section because they convey the major observations to readers who scan a paper. Information provided in tables and figures should not be repeated in the text, but focus attention on the importance of the principal findings of the study. In general, journal papers will contain between one and seven figures and tables;
(e) DISCUSSION: this must not recapitulate the results and authors must avoid the temptation of preparing a combined 'Results and Discussion' section;
(f) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; and
(g) REFERENCES: citation of references having three or more names should be cited in the text as Jones et al. (1992) at the first and subsequent times of quoting the reference unless this causes confusion, e.g. Jones, Brown and Green (1992) and Jones, Green and Smith (1992) would have to be quoted in full. A series of references should be given in date order (Green and Smith 1946; Jones et al. 1956). Different publications having the same author(s) and year will be distinguished by, for example, 1992a, 1992b. This also applies to the Bibliography. Papers or other publications having no obvious author(s) should usually be cited as Anon. with the year in the text and bibliography. References to papers not freely available to the public without charge are not acceptable. Web sites should be quoted in the text.
Layout of References
The Harvard system should be used. Names with the prefixes de, do van, von, etc. will be placed in alphabetical order of the first letter of the prefix, e.g. von Braun would appear under 'V'. Authors must indicate (in pencil) in the left hand margin of the bibliography the page numbers in which each reference is cited. Where italics are intended, words must either be typed in roman and underlined or printed in italics from a word processor. The following is an example of order and style to be used in the manuscript:
Dernetz, D. and Dantigny, P. (2000) Influence of the growth rate calculation on the relationship between growth rate and temperature. Letters in Applied Microbiology 30, 272¨C276.
Garner, J.S. and Favero, M.S. (1985) Guidelines for Handwashing and Hospital Environment Control. US Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control HHS No. 99-117. Washington DC: Government Printing Office.
Fricker, C.R. (1995) Detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in water. In Protozoan Parasites in Water ed. Betts, W.B., Casemore, D., Fricker, C.R., Smith, H.V. and Watkins, J. pp.91¨C96. London: The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Personal communications should be cited in the text with initials and family name of all individuals.
English usage
Numbers in text: one to nine in full; 10 and above as numerals. Use 'z' spelling where possible, except analyse, dialyse, hydrolyse, etc.
Headings
The hierarchy of the headings used is:
First Order
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Second Order
Sample preparation
Third Order
The media First paragraph runs on; second and subsequent paragraphs indented.
Abbreviations and units
The Journal uses SI units: g 1-1 not g/l; d, h, min, s (time units) but week and year in full; mol 1-1 (not M or N); probability is P. Please refer to the Biochemical Journal instructions for authors www.biochemj.org/bj/329/bj3290001.htm.
Microbial nomenclature
The Latin binomial name of micro-organisms, plants and animals (other than farm animals) must be given at first mention in the text; thereafter the generic name will be abbreviated in such a way that confusion is avoided when dealing with several genera all beginning with the same letter, viz. Pseudomonas, Proteus, Pediococcus, etc. Subspecies are italized (Corynebacterium diphtheriae subsp. mitis); groups and types are printed in Roman and designated by capital letters or Arabic figures (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus group A).
Common names will not have an initial capital letter nor will they be underlined in the manuscript, viz. pseudomonad, salmonellas. The specific name will be given in full in the captions to tables and figures. Major ranks are written in Roman with an initial capital (e.g. Enterobacteriaceae) .
Here is a list of abbreviations currently in use for common generic names:
Acet., Acetobacter; Ac., Acinetobacter; Act., Actinomyces; Aer., Aeromonas; Ag., Agrobacterium; Alc., Alcaligenes; Alt., Alteromonas;
B., Bacillus; Bact., Bacteroides; Bord., Bordetella; Bran., Branhamella; Br., Brucella;
Camp., Campylobacter; Cit., Citrobacter; Cl., Clostridium; Coryne., Corynebacterium; Cyt., Cytophaga;
Des., Desulfomonas or Desulfovibrio (spell out if both appear in same paper);
Edw., Edwardsiella; Ent., Enterobacter or Enterococcus (spell out if both appear in same paper); Erw., Erwinia; E., Escherichia; Eu., Eubacterium;
Fl., Flavobacterium; Fus., Fusobacterium;
G., Gemella;
H., Haemophilus;
Kl., Klebsiella; Lact., Lactobacillus;
L., Lactococcus; Leg., Legionella; Leuc., Leuconostoc; L., Listeria;
Meth., Methanobacterium or Methanococcus (spell out if both appear in same paper); Mic., Microbacterium; M., Micrococcus; Mor., Moraxella; Myco., Mycobacterium; Myc., Mycoplasma;
N., Neisseria; Nit., Nitrobacter or Nitrosomonas (spell out if both appear in same paper); Noc., Nocardia;
Past., Pasteurella; Ped., Pediococcus; Ple., Plesiomonas; Pr., Proteus; Ps., Pseudomonas;
Rh., Rhizobium; R., Ruminococcus;
Salm., Salmonella; Ser., Serratia; Sh., Shigella; Staph., Staphylococcus; Strep., Streptococcus; S., Streptomyces;
T., Thiobacillus;
V., Vibrio;
X., Xanthomonas;
Y., Yersinia.
For plant pathogenic bacteria, authors may need to refer to the list of pathovars compiled by the International Society for Plant Pathology Committee on Taxonomy: Dye, D.W., Bradbury, J.F., Goto, M., Hayward, A.C. and Lelliott, R.A. (1980). International standards for naming pathovars of phytopathogenic bacteria and a list of pathovar names and pathotype strains. Review of Plant Pathology 59, 153-168.
In this, many species names not included in the Approved Lists (www-sv.cict.fr/bacterio) are reduced to the rank of pathovar so that the original names are retained in a trinomial form. Where the pathovar name is cited it may subsequently be abbreviated as follows: Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola becomes Ps. syr. phaseolicola. Reference to the two lists avoids the need for citing past authors who named or renamed pathogens but, for completeness or clarity, synonyms suggested by more recent work may have to be considered.The nomenclature used when describing the species of salmonella should accord with the system proposed by Le Minor and Popoff (http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/). Specifically, at the first citation of a serotype the genus name is given followed by the word ¡°serotype¡± and then the serotype name. Names of serotypes should be in Roman type with the first letter capitalised (for example Salmonella serotype Typhimurium). Subsequently the name should be written with the genus (abbreviated) followed directly by the serotype name (for example Salm. Typhimurium).
Nucleotide sequences
(1) Nucleotide sequence data should be deposited in the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ Nucleotide Sequence Data Libraries and the accession number referenced in the manuscript;
(2) Sequence data should only be included if they are new (unpublished), complete (no unidentified nucleotides included) and if the sequence information itself provides important new biological insights of direct relevance to the question addressed in the manuscript. Generally sequences should not be submitted if the same gene has been reported in another species unless a comparison with related sequences contributes important new information;
(3) Presentation of nucleotide sequences should include clear indications of nucleotide numbers and points of interest, e.g. promoter sequences, ribosome binding sites, mutations, insertions, probe sequences, etc. In the case of comparisons, nucleotides which differ between the sequences should be readily visible to the reader, e.g. by the use of bold face, shading, boxing or by the use of a dash to represent identical nucleotides. The font size used in the manuscript should facilitate appropriate reduction of the figure by Blackwells.
Statistics
Tests must be presented clearly to allow a reader with access to the data to repeat them. It is not necessary to describe every statistical test fully, as long as it is clear from the context what was done. In particular, null hypotheses should be clearly stated.
Authors are urged to give consideration to the assumptions underlying any statistical tests used and to assure the reader that the assumptions are at least plausible. Authors should be prepared to use nonparametric tests if the assumptions do not seem to hold.
Tables
These must be typed on separate sheets, without ruled vertical lines. The approximate position of a Table should be indicated in pencil in the left hand margin. The use of explanatory footnotes is permissible and they should be marked by the following (shown in order of preference): *, †, ‡, ¡ì, , **, †† etc. For an example of JAM table style, click here.
Figures
Electronic submission
We would like to receive your artwork in electronic form. Please save line art (vector graphics) in encapsulated PostScript (EPS) format or embed them, using the cut the 'cut and paste' facility, into a word processor document. Photographic images should be saved as Tagged Image Format Files (TIFF). Please indicate any form of file compression used (e.g. Zip). Detailed information of the submission of electronic artwork can be found at: http://www.blackwell-science.com/elecmed/digilla.htm.
Line diagrams
These should be prepared in black on a white background or on tracing paper. Insert numerals, points and essential lettering on graphs clearly. Type legends on a separate sheet. For an example of JAM figure style, click here.
Photographs
Black and white unmounted glossy prints (two of each) of good quality and contrast must be provided together with an indication of the extent to which reduction can be taken without loss of definition. The magnification must be indicated by adding a bar, representing a stated length. Composite photographs often avoid the need for two. The cost of printing coloured photographs must be borne by the author. The cost per colour page is £360. Captions to photographs will be set out in the same manner as that used for figures.
The back of each photograph must be annotated with the figure number, name of the authors, the title of the paper, JAM and instructions to the printers on the orientation of the prints (i.e. ¡ü).
Colour Figures
It is the policy of the Journal for authors to pay the full cost for the reproduction of their colour artwork. Charges for printing in colour are on a per-figure basis and are exclusive of VAT as follows:
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Figure 1, £250
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Figures 2, 3 and 4, £175 each
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All subsequent figures, £100 each
Please note that if there is colour artwork in your manuscript when it is accepted for publication, Blackwell Publishing require you to complete and return a colour work agreement form before your paper can be published. This form can be downloaded as a PDF from http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/pdf/Sub3000_X_CoW.pdf. If you are unable to download the form please contact the Editorial Office.
Footnotes
Not permitted other than on the first page of a manuscript where they are used to show the author's change of address and the address for correspondence.
Experimental hazards
Chemical or microbiological hazards that may be involved in the experiments must be explained. Authors should provide a description of the relevant safety precautions adopted or cite an accepted 'Code of Practice'.
Ethics of experimentation
The Journal will only accept manuscripts in which there is evidence of the ethical use of animals or harmful substances. The care and use of experimental animals must comply with all relevant local animal welfare laws, guidelines and policies, and a statement of such compliance should be provided to the Journal Editor. Where possible, alternative procedures that replace the use of animals, either partially or completely, for example in vitro biological systems, should be used. Where this is not possible, the minimum number of animals should be used and pain and suffering reduced, consistent with attaining the scientific objectives of the study. All reasonable steps must be taken to ensure the humane treatment of animals, so as to minimize discomfort, distress and pain. Animals in pain or moribund should be painlessly killed according to local euthanasia regulations.
Gnotobiotic animals
The terminology for describing the environmental status of animals in gnotobiotic experiments has established itself by usage. Germ-free implies freedom from any detectable microorganisms or viruses and it is limited by the tests used to detect contaminants. Conventional animals have a full complement of associated microbes. Open conventional animals are housed in a standard animal house. Isolator conventional animals are maintained in isolators and associated with full flora. Ex-germ-free animals are those with an associated flora which have become conventional.
Supplementary material
Authors wishing to submit supplementary material (such as multimedia adjuncts, large data sets, extra colour illustrations, bibliographies or any other material for which there is insufficient space in the print edition of the Journal) must do so on a disk or in other viewable format at the time of first submission. This supplementary material is an integral part of the article and will be reviewed accordingly. The availability of supplementary material should be indicated in the main manuscript by a paragraph, to appear after the References, headed 'Supplementary material' and providing titles of figures and tables.
2. Review Articles
Authors considering the submission of a review should consult the Reviews Editor before preparing a manuscript which should not exceed 10¨C12 Journal pages.
Dr Bill Ashraf
Reviews Editor ¨C Journal of Applied Microbiology
Department of Biomedical Sciences
University of Bradford
West Yorkshire
BD7 1DP, UK
Email: w.ashraf@bradford.ac.uk
Preparation of manuscript
These will present a substantial survey with an adequate historical perspective of the literature on some facet of applied microbiology. Your manuscript should not be simply a review of past work or be concentrated largely on unpublished results from your or colleagues¡¯ laboratory. We would prefer to see a distillation of early and present work within the field to show progress and explain the present interest and relevance. It is essential at the planning stage to realize that there is a limit to the number of pages available. The final manuscript must not exceed 32 pages (A4) with double-spaced typing, including references. The Tables and Figures must be considered as part of the text and the pages available for text reduced accordingly. References can make a heavy demand on the pages available to you, and it is suggested that you select key references only.
Manuscript presentation
The headings in these Review articles are of the author's choice; they should be listed under the heading 'Contents' on page 2 of the manuscript. A short SUMMARY of 150-200 words must be included. The first page of the manuscript must give only (a) the title; (b) name(s) of author(s) and address; (c) an abbreviated title to be used for the running headline not exceeding 35 letters and spaces; (d) the name, postal and email address of the author to whom all correspondence should be addressed and who will check the proofs.
A. The title should be as shown here. Lower case after first letter.
B. The author(s) ¨C I.M. Able, J. Brown and A. Lincoln.
C. Address ¨C upper and lower case.
D. List of contents, to follow title page.
1. Summary
2. Introduction
2.1 .........
3. .........
3.1 .........
3.2 .........
E. The manuscript
1 SUMMARY (left flush)
2 INTRODUCTION
3 INFECTIONS CAUSED BY PATHOGENS
3.1 Skin infections
3.2 Pulmonary infections
4 INCIDENCE
5 TREATMENT
6 CONCLUSIONS
7 REFERENCES
3. Letters to the Editor
The Chief Editor will consider letters which will provide further debate on a particular topic arising from the publication of a paper. Author(s) of the paper will be sent an edited copy of the letter and they will have the right of reply. Both letters will be published in the Journal.
Proofs
Proofs will be sent via e¨Cmail as an Acrobat PDF (portable document format) file. Therefore, the corresponding author should supply their email address when they submit their manuscript. The e¨Cmail server must be able to accept attachments up to 4 Megabytes in size. In your abscence, please arrange for a colleague to access your e¨Cmail to retrieve the proofs. Acrobat Reader will be required in order to read this file. This software can be downloaded (free of charge) from www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.htm. This will enable the file to be opened, read on screen, and printed out in order for any corrections to be added. The corrected proof should be faxed to:
The Production Editor (JAM)
Fax: +44 (0)131 226 3803.
Proofs will be posted if no e¨Cmail address is available. Further instructions will be sent with the proof.
Offprints
Fifty offprints are provided gratis.
Copyright
Papers are accepted on the understanding that they become copyright of the Journal. Abbreviations
These are some examples of common abbreviations used in Journal of Applied Microbiology:
A, Absorbance
approx. or ca, approximately
at. wt., atomic weight
bp, base pairs
cpDNA, chloroplast DNA
Da (kDa), daltons (kilodaltons)
edn, edition
ed., editor(s)
ergs. sq. mm-1, ergs per square millimetre
IU, International unit
kbp, kilobase pair
Mabs, monoclonal antibodies
MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration
mol 1-1, moles per litre
Mr,molecular mass
nm, nanometre
O.D., optical density
OFAGE, orthogonal field alteration gel electrophoresis
ORF or orf, open reading frame
P, probability
PFG, pulsed field gradient
ppm, parts per million
recDNA, recombinant DNA
rev min-1, revolution per minute
S.D., standard deviation
S.E., standard error
sq.cm-1, per square centimetre
subsp., subspecies
U, enzyme unit
u.v., ultraviolet
vs, versus
v/v, volume per volume
w/v, weight per volume
There is no need to define common acronyms such as ATP, EDTA, ELISA, GLC, HPLC, RNA or SDS-PAGE.
Disclaimer
Whilst every effort is made by the Publishers and Editorial Board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement appears in this Journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisements herein are the sole responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the Publishers and Editors and their respective employees, officers and agents accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever for the consequences of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement.
Copyright assignment form: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/pdf/jam_caf.pdf
Colourwork Agreement form: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/pdf/Sub3000_X_CoW.pdf
Editorial Board
Chief Editor
A.F. Godfree, United Utilities Water, Warrington, UK
Fax: +44 (0) 1829 732578
e-mail: editor.jam@dial.pipex.com
Reviews Editor
W. Ashraf, University of Bradford, Bradford BD1 7DP UK.
Tel: +44(0) 1274 733466;
Fax: +44(0) 1274 309742; email: w.ashraf@bradford.co.uk
Editors
E Allan, University of Edinburgh, UK
P.W. Andrew, University of Leicester, UK
B. Austin, Heriot-Watt University,UK
M.M. Bagdasarian, Michigan State University, USA
L. Baillie, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, USA
J.M. Bainbridge, University of Teesside, UK
G.W. Black, University of Northumbria at Newcastle, UK
P.J. Blackall, Animal Research Institute, Moorooka, Australia
J.A. Buswell, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
D.R. Caldwell, Durango, CO, USA
C. Campbell, The Macaulay Institute, UK
H. Chart, Health Protection Agency, UK
M.L. Chikindas, The State University of New Jersey, USA
P.J. Collier, University of Abertay, UK
I.F. Connerton, Nottingham University, UK
J.E. Cooper, Queen¡¯s University of Belfast, UK
J.G. Coote, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, UK
D. Cowan, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
J.M. Cox, University of New South Wales, Australia
T.P. Curtis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
S.H. De Boer, Centre for Animal and Plant Health, Canada
H. Dowda, S.C. DHEC Bureau of Laboratories, USA
A. Flanagan, GlaxoSmithKline Oral Healthcare NPR, UK
K. Flint, University of Warwick, UK
C.P. Gerba, University of Arizona, USA
C. Gilbert, Universite´ de Lyon, France
P. Gilbert, University of Manchester, UK
J. Glassey, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
M. Greenwood, Southampton General Hospital, UK
D.A. Grinstead, Diversey Lever Innovation Center, USA
J.R.M. Hammond, Brewing Research International, UK
J.M. Henson, RMT Inc., USA
J.H. Hill, Iowa State University, USA
A.C. Hilton, The University of Birmingham, UK
R.J. Hinton, CAMR, Health Protection Agency, Porton, Salisbury, UK
S. Houghton, Hoechst Roussel Vet, UK
D.H. Kang, Washington State University, USA
Z. Lawrence, International Mycological Inst., UK
J.R. Ling, University of Wales, UK
J. Lisle, U.S. Geological Survey, Center for Coastal & Watershed Studies, USA
C. Little, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Health Protection Agency, London, UK
N.A. Logan, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK
G.T. MacFarlane, University of Dundee, UK
N. Magan, Cranfield Biotechnology Centre, UK
J.-Y. Maillard, University of Brighton, UK
P. Masters, Bioenterprise Asia, Singapore
C. Michel, INRA, France
C. Michiels, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
R.T. Mitchell, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Health Protection Agency, London, UK
T.J. Mitchell, University of Glasgow, UK
A. Mohagheghi, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA
C.R. Myers, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA
G.L. Nichols, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Health Protection Agency, London, UK
G.P. Noblet, Clemson University, USA
C.E. Nwoguh, CAMR, Health Protection Agency, Porton, Salisbury, UK
D.J. O¡¯Sullivan, University of Minnesota, USA
S.F. Park, University of Surrey, UK
J. Perkins, University of Huddersfield, UK
E.G.M. Power, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, USA
I.S. Roberts, University of Manchester, UK
R.J. Rowbury, University College London, UK
D. P. Sartory, Severn Trent Water, Shropshire, UK
K.T. Semple, Lancaster University, UK
S.J. Setford, Cranfield University, UK
S, Smith, Aston University, UK
N.J. Stern, Agriculture Research Service, USA
M.F. Stringer Campden and Chorleywood Food Research Association,UK
C. Thomas, Food, Agriculture and Health Services Department National
Standards Authority of Ireland, Ireland
E.C. Tidswell, Animal Health Technical Support & Development
T. Wassenaar, Molecular Microbiology and Genomics Consultants, Germany
G.F. White, Cardiff University, UK
T.R. Whitehead, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USA
T.N. Whitmore, Reading, Berks, UK
P. Wyn-Jones, School of Sciences, The University, Sunderland, UK
Statistical Adviser
J. Baranyi Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, UK
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