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Paper weight and size
When hard copy submission is necessary, each copy of the manuscript must be submitted on medium-weight 8-1/2 ¡Á 11-inch paper. (Lightweight, standard-size paper is acceptable for submissions from outside the USA.)
Spacing and paragraphs
Manuscripts must be double-spaced with print on only one side of each sheet. Double-space all parts of the manuscript including the footnotes, quoted material, references, figure captions, and the abstract. Also, each paragraph must be indented to avoid confusion.
Page numbers
Page numbers must appear on all pages of text, including references, figure captions, and tables.
Page length, line width, and margins
Each page should have no more than 30 lines of type, with no line exceeding 6 inches in length. Ample margins should be left at the top, bottom, and sides.
Meeting citations
If your technical paper was presented orally at an SEG meeting, please so note on the title page. The presentation will be cited on the title page in the journal with the number of the meeting, organization, and date.
Headings
Place principal headings at the center of the page in capital letters. Headings of the next lower rank should be placed on the left margin (without indentation), with only the first word of the heading and proper nouns capitalized. Start the text that follows on the next line and indent it. For headings of lower rank, indent, underline (or italicize), place a period and dash after the heading, and follow with text on the same line. If headings of still lower rank are necessary, introduce them by a lower-case letter, e.g., (a), indent, underline (or italicize) and follow with a period and dash. Follow with text on the same line.
Do not number sections of the text¡ªrefer to sections by name or content, e.g., "discussion on deconvolution."
Examples of style for terms
acknowledgments
air gun*
airwave
antialias
audio frequency*
back projection*
band limited*
bandwidth
borehole
CDP (for common depth point)
CMP (for common midpoint)
CRP (for common reflection point)
Chebychev
crosscorrelation
crosshole
crossline
cross-section
crosswell
database
data set
dc (direct current)
far-field
finite difference*
f-k filter
free space*
groundwater
half-space
high resolution*
inline
mis-tie
noncolinear
plane wave*
poststack
prestack
pseudosection
P-wave
Q filter
raypath
rms (for root mean square)
seismic (adj.)
seismics (n.)
semi-infinite
S-wave
time slice*
traveltime
wavefield
waveform
wavefront
waveguide
wavelength
wavenumber
wave stack
wave test
wavetrain
wide band*
z-plane
* hyphenate as an adjective; e.g., finite-difference method.
Examples of style in text
- Use American spelling; e.g., modeling, color, analyze, behavior, etc.
- All sentences must begin with a capital letter. Lowercase Greek letters, mathematical symbols, or numerals may not be used to begin a sentence.
- Use a semicolon before the adverbial conjunctions however, thus, hence, therefore, etc., in compound sentences.
- Use a semicolon between independent clauses not joined by a conjunction.
- A colon should follow a complete sentence that introduces an item or list.
- Do not use a colon when an equation or list comes immediately after a verb or preposition.
- Mathematical symbols serve as verbs.
- Equations are punctuated as sentences and should be numbered.
- The abbreviations et al., i.e., and e.g., are set with periods and commas, except when et al. is used in a text reference. Then the preceding comma is omitted.
- Extensive use of italics in text is discouraged; use only for the most necessary emphasis.
- Do not use italics for foreign and Latin words that have become common in English usage. Examples are a priori and et al.
- Use quotation marks to refer to a special term only the first time the term appears.
- Hyphens are not generally used in words formed with prefixes; e.g., antisymmetric, multidip, nonlinear, semimajor, subbottom, prestack, poststack, pseudosection, etc. Exceptions include proper nouns and words with quasi-, as in quasi-static.
- Hyphens are not used between -ly ending adverbs and the words they modify, e.g., horizontally layered.
- Do not use newly invented acronyms or trade names to describe your technique. Widely used trade names that appear in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Exploration Geophysics (e.g., microlog) are acceptable.
- Use symbols for percent (%) and degree (¡ã) in the text as well as in mathematical expressions, tables, or figures.
- Spell out points of the compass, e.g., east-west, northnorthwest, etc.
- In a series of three or more items, a comma (or a semicolon where appropriate) follows each item, including the one that precedes "and."
Examples of style for units
Physical quantities should be expressed in SI units. Exceptions to this rule may be permitted, at the discretion of the Editor, when field measurements were obtained or equipment was specified with different units. In such cases, the value of non-SI units should be followed by its equivalent in SI units, enclosed by parentheses, e.g., 7200 ft/s (2200 m/s). Do not carry more significant figures in the unit conversion than were used in the original measurement. For example, note that 7200 ft/s converts to 2200 m/s, not 2195 m/s.
All of the following conform to SI metric standards:
s for second
¦¸m or ohm-m for ohm-meter
S/m for siemens/meter
Hz as unit, hertz as word
A as unit, ampere as word
F as unit, farad as word
H as unit, henry as word
V as unit, volt as word
J as unit, joule as word
N as unit, newton as word
W as unit, watt as word
Pa as unit, pascal as word
m/s for meter per second (not ms-1)
1000 or 10 000 for 1,000 or 10,000
times sign (¡Á) instead of dot for multiplication
space between number and unit (10 m, not 10m)
mGal, not mgal
ms for millisecond
GHz for gigahertz
MHz for megahertz
kHz for kilohertz
cm for centimeter
mm for millimeter
µm for micrometer
nm for nanometer
pm for picometer
The following exceptions to SI units are acceptable:
g/cm3 as density unit
bar as pressure unit
gamma as magnetic field intensity unit
darcy as permeability unit
If followed by SI equivalent in parentheses, the following units are acceptable:
ft (m)
ft/s (m/s)
mi (km)
µs/ft (µs/m)
Mathematical material
One of the most complicated and expensive operations in publishing Geophysics is typesetting mathematical formulas. If mathematical equations are composed using TEX, rekeying may not be required and subscripts, superscripts, brackets, and all other mathematical symbols and terms appear in the galley proof just as the author(s) originally created them (see section "Acceptable forms of manuscript" for instructions on submitting manuscripts in TEX). Otherwise, you can help reduce these costs by writing equations in their simplest forms. Often a complicated expression can be simplified if various terms are assigned symbols that are defined individually. For some good examples, see the paper by Nelson in Geophysics, 53, 1088-1095.
In the text, the shilling fraction using the solidus (/) should be used rather than the built-up fraction (two decks) e.g., 3/4 rather than ¾.
Fractional exponents should be used instead of radicals wherever feasible. Radicals are preferred, however, for simple square roots, e.g., rather than 2 1/2
Subscripts and superscripts, where there is any doubt they will be clear to the typesetter, should be indicated by carets and inverted carets, for example:
To standardize space and time coordinates, use lower-case letters x, y, z for Cartesian space coordinates. Designate corresponding axes by x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis, and designate the time coordinate by t. To represent traveltime and finite changes in traveltime, use t and ¦¤t rather than T and ¦¤T. All axis coordinates on figures must be indicated and should be consistent with the text.
Typesetters generally are not mathematicians. Following these guidelines will enable the typesetter to work with material that is consistent.
Handwritten Greek letters and other unusual symbols must be identified by name in the margin where they are introduced. For example, a "kappa" will not be set as a "k" if it is properly identified. A list of all symbols used in the manuscript on a separate sheet of paper is very helpful.
Equations are punctuated as sentences, e.g., an equation should be followed by a comma where good English usage requires a comma at that position in the sentence. Equations that cannot be placed on one line must be broken only at the "addition" operator symbols. The sign should be placed at the start of the second line.
Terms in equations are grouped with the following symbols: parentheses ( ), brackets [ ], and braces {}. For example, X = {2R + [(k + 1)(k + 2)]2}1/2.
The typesetter is instructed to set all mathematical symbols and all isolated letters in the text in italic type, if there are no markings to the contrary. Use italics for all symbols for scalar quantities including those represented by Greek letters. Please note the following style change that will be evident in the published manuscripts. Vectors are set in lowercase boldface roman (regular) letters, while matrices and tensors are set in boldface capital roman letters. Here are some ways you can facilitate the processing of your article: (1) Set all letters (including Greek) representing scalar quantities in italics. Do not use italics for such items as sin, cos, max, min, etc. Also, do not use italics for letters representing units of measurement: ms, ft, etc. (2) Set all vector quantities in bold lowercase except in cases otherwise noted, as in the case of electromagnetic fields. (3) Set all matrices and tensors in bold capital letters. In any case, it is imperative that a distinct difference is made between vectors, on the one hand, and matrices and tensors on the other.
All displayed equations should be numbered throughout the manuscript. Also, when referring to an equation in text, please identify it with a phrase that could serve to identify the type of equations throughout the text, as shown in the following example.
without phrase: "inserting equations (5) and (6) into (9) ..."
with phrase: "inserting the form, equation (5), of the electric field E and the Lindhard form, equation (6), of the dielectric function e into the constitutive equation (9) ..."
Equation numbers in the text should be shown in parentheses, e.g., "As shown in equation (10)." The number must also be accompanied by: "equation," "expression," or another synonym to identify the number itself. Equations in Appendix A should be numbered with the prefix A-, e.g., equation (A-1).
For complicated and detailed mathematical papers, authors are encouraged to include a table near the beginning of the paper defining their mathematical symbols. Authors are also strongly encouraged to place complicated and detailed mathematics in appendixes.
Figures
In the manuscript, figures should not be included within the text copy but should be collected at the end of the manuscript with each figure on a separate page (see "Preparation of Illustrations").
Tables
Tables should not be included within the text copy but should follow the manuscript, with each table on a separate sheet. Other lists may be run within the text. Lengthy tables or tables with complicated content should be submitted in a form that permits either digital or photographic reproduction to avoid expensive typesetting.
Captions and headings
Each figure must have a caption and each table must have a heading. Captions and headings should be explicit enough that the significance of the illustration or table can be understood by the reader without reference to the text. Figure captions should be listed on a separate sheet at the end of the manuscript.
Each illustration and table should be given an Arabic number (not a plate number) and should be referred to by that number in the text. In the caption, list the figure in the form Fig. 3. When referring to figures in the text, spell out and capitalize the word Figure. The word Table is spelled out and capitalized both in text references and in table headings.
Footnotes
Footnotes should be avoided unless essential and then should be held to a minimum. All footnotes introduced in the text of a paper should be numbered consecutively from the beginning to the end of the manuscript. In the manuscript, each footnote must be inserted at the bottom of the page where the reference appears.
Appendixes
All appendixes should have a substantive title such as "Appendix A¡ªMathematical considerations." In each appendix, number equations and figures beginning with 1 in the manner: A-1, B-1, etc.
References
References must appear at the end of the main body of the text, but ahead of appendixes.
Citation of previous work acknowledges the importance of those investigations and makes available to the reader much more background information than is practical to include in a single paper. However, to be of real value, all references must be readily accessible to the reader. Company reports, conference proceedings, private communications, and books or journals published only in a language not readily accessible to most readers should be avoided. If internal reports with wide circulation constitute an important reference, cite them in the text but not in the bibliography; e.g., (Levy, G. M., 1984, Geonics Ltd. Tech. note TN-16). Similarly, citations of personal communications, as well as papers submitted to a journal but not yet accepted, may be placed in the text but not in the bibliography.
In the text, literature citations should show the author's name followed by the year of publication in parentheses, e.g., Nettleton (1940). If the author's name is not referred to in the text, it and the year should be inserted in parentheses at the point where the reference applies: (Nettleton, 1940).
If there is more than one reference to the same author at a given point in the text, list the years in chronological order with a comma between. When more than one author is referenced at a given point in the text, separate the references by semicolons. If a specific page is referenced, include the page number within the parentheses following the year (Nettleton, 1940, 142). |
