Notes for Contributors
In light of the specialized and often highly detailed nature of the articles that appear in Traditio, the editors need careful cooperation from contributors in the preparation of manuscripts. It is in the interest of both authors and editors that manuscripts be as stylistically consistent and error-free as possible. Each author is responsible for the accuracy of the whole text, including all dates and citations, which should be verified before the final manuscript is submitted.
Usually during June and July, the staff at Traditio will convert all files to Microsoft Word for Windows 2000 and carry out some basic formatting procedures. Printouts of these files will be sent to authors. Changes can be made easily and cheaply at this stage, and careful attention should be paid to the correction of these printouts. In the fall, contributors will receive galley proofs but not page proofs of their articles. The editors regret the necessity of charging authors for excessive corrections or additions in the proofs. Each author will receive one complimentary copy of the volume. Offprints may be ordered at the page proof stage in sets of twenty-five; the price is determined by the length of the article.
The chief guidelines for contributors are explained below. Authors should follow first these Notes for Contributors. If further clarification is needed, they should consult the Chicago Manual of Style. Neither these notes nor the Chicago Manual can address all stylistic requirements across disciplines; some variation is to be expected because of the demands of the subject area and the particular study. In perplexing cases, authors should consult the managing editor.
Presentation of the Manuscript
Text and Program. All contributions must be typewritten or printed out, double spaced with ample margins; pages should be numbered. Notes, too, should be double spaced. Once an article is accepted, authors should send a copy on disk as well as a hard copy. Please specify the operating system and program used. Microsoft Word for Windows is preferred; Word Perfect is acceptable. Please consult the managing editor on other systems.
Formatting. Authors should avoid using any display type, such as boldface or larger fonts, except for italics to indicate words that should be italicized in the printed version. Use size 12 type (10 point on a typewriter) consistently, both for text and for notes. Automatic hyphenation should be turned off, and the text should be printed with only the left margin justified; the right margin should be left unjustified.
Subheadings. It is often useful to employ subheadings and sub-subheadings within an article. The preference at Traditio is to print subheadings in caps and small caps, centered, and sub-subheadings in italics, flush left; the staff will format them. A third level of subheadings should be avoided, if possible. Numbering subheadings and sub-subheadings is usually superfluous, but if they must be numbered, then arabic numbers (1, 2, 3) should be used for subheadings and lowercase latin letters (a, b, c) for sub-subheadings, with only a period after the number or letter.
English Spelling and Style. For articles in English Traditio uses U.S. spelling and conventions of punctuation. The dictionary used for reference at Traditio is The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 3d ed. Manuscripts submitted with British spelling and punctuation will be changed accordingly. Traditio uses a comma before the conjunction in a series: Tom, Dick, and Harry; not Tom, Dick and Harry. Unnecessary hyphens should be avoided; see Chicago Manual, table 6.1. Traditio prints m-dashes ?which should be used sparingly ?with a space before and after. An m-dash may be indicated by two consecutive hyphens.
Notes. Notes should be printed out or typed as endnotes and numbered consecutively. Note numbers in the text should follow a punctuation mark where possible and be superscripted, without parentheses. In the notes themselves, parentheses should not be used around note numbers that indicate cross-references: for example, “See n. 6,?not “See n. (6).?/P>
Text
Titles. Titles of books, periodicals, and individual literary documents should be italicized (or underlined, in typescript).
Possessives. For the possessive case of proper nouns, see Chicago Manual 6.24?0. Following the Chicago Manual, Traditio uses an s after sibilants, with some exceptions: Burns’s poems, Marx’s theories, Dickens’s novels, but Jesus?name, Moses?staff, Socrates?death.
Quotations. Short quotations in any language (except Greek) should be enclosed within double quotation marks and not italicized. The original language rather than an English translation may be given in the text. If texts are cited in the article in translation, the original should be given in the notes.
The Bible. Books of the Bible are referred to by arabic numerals; chapter and verse should be separated by a colon. Names of whole books or books of which only a chapter number is given are spelled out: Ephesians; Matthew 28; Acts 3?. If chapter and verse are given, the name of the book is abbreviated, with a period: Gen. 3:15; 1 Cor. 3:23?4. Use the abbreviations found in the Chicago Manual 14.34 and reproduced here in the Appendix.
Foreign Words and Phrases. Single words and short phrases in languages other than English should be italicized, except for familiar foreign words and phrases like fait accompli, mea culpa, or weltanschauung (found without italics in standard dictionaries), and common academic abbreviations like ca., cf., e.g., et al., etc., ibid., idem (and eadem), i.e., passim. Use anglicized versions of foreign place names: Munich, Vienna, Prague, not München, Wien, Praha.
Foreign Alphabets and Characters. Every care must be exercised to write Greek letters and all special characters in a legible form. Accents and ligatures should be carefully and consistently noted.
Capitalization. In general, capitalize less rather than more. For example: bishop of Paris, king of France, master of arts; the church (as an institution); heaven, hell; the East, the West (as cultural, political entity); Roman Empire, the empire, the eastern empire; Assumption, Annunciation, the Flood, the Fall; Christ, God (but lower case personal pronouns with these antecedents); Bible, but biblical; Scripture, but scriptural; Mass (the eucharistic sacrament); but mass (individual celebrations); lower case references to constituent parts of a book (introduction, appendix). For further guides to capitalization, see the Chicago Manual, chap. 7, “Names and Terms.?/P>
Numbers. As a rule, spell out whole numbers from one through ninety-nine and any numbers that begin a sentence. Use a comma after the thousands place for a precise number, but not for a rounded one: 3,429; 3400. Note also: 20 percent; 1200s; 26 January 987, not January 26; 325 B.C. but A.D. 325. Chapters should be designated by arabic numerals: chapter 3
Inclusive Numbers. In references to consecutive pages (paragraphs, etc.) use the form 18?7, never 18ff. or 18sqq. If 18?9 is meant, use that form and not 18f.
Abbreviating Inclusive Numbers. See Chicago Manual 8.69. If the first number is less than 100, use all digits: 1?0, 71?5, 96?15. For 100 or multiples of 100, use all digits: 100?04, 600?18. From 101 through 109 and multiples, use changed part only: 106?, 503?7, 1002?. From 110 through 199 and multiples, use two digits, or more if needed: 321?5, 415?32, 1536?8. Inclusive dates follow the same system; see Chicago Manual 8.71?2. Examples: the war of 1914?8; A.D. 300?25; the fiscal year 1975?6 or 1975/76 (otherwise, avoid the solidus [slash, virgule]).
Notes
Acknowledgments and Expressions of Gratitude. Neither a note to the title nor a note marked by an asterisk should be employed. All acknowledgments and expressions of gratitude should be incorporated into the first note as the second paragraph of that note. Authors are asked to exercise restraint in naming and thanking their benefactors.
Reference Notes. Bibliographical references ordinarily belong in the notes rather than the text. When a bibliographical item is first cited, the reference should contain the complete data, and an abridged form of the citation given thereafter. The author's name should be cited with first name or initials, as it appears on the title page. If the title page of the book cited lists two cities with the publisher’s name, the city listed first is the one to use; it is permissible, but not necessary, to use both. If the place of publication is not widely known, the abbreviation of the state name should follow it. Use book-style abbreviations of state names, not the two-letter codes prescribed by the Postal Service (N.Y., not NY; Mass., not MA; Del., not DE; see the list in Chicago Manual 14.17). Shortened, second references consist of the author’s last name, the shortened title of the book, and the page number. If ten or more notes intervene between the initial citation and the following one, a cross-reference to the full citation may be included, as: (n. 3 above). Op. cit. and loc. cit. should not be used. Traditio departs from Chicago style in omitting the publisher’s name. Otherwise, Chicago Manual, chap. 17, “Note Forms,?should be followed. The following are examples of acceptable citations and abridgements.
6 Henri Peltier, Pascase Radbert (Amiens, 1938), 54.
10 Peltier, Pascase Radbert, 57?8.
11 Ibid., 59.
12 Ibid. [I.e., same page as preceding reference.]
25 Peltier, Pascase Radbert (n. 6 above), 75.
Books in Series and Multivolume Works. Books in series are “a sequence of publications related in subject matter and developed under the supervision of an editor or a group of editors?(Chicago Manual 15.144). The series is open, so that new volumes may be published. Multivolume works are in a sense closed, by their subject matter or purpose. They may contain, for example, all of some illustrious person’s letters, or a history of some country by several authors, or one author’s history of a period under several different titles. Authors often supply too much information about books in series and multivolume works; the citation should provide information that is really useful to the reader and not be filled with learned clutter.
Books in Series. If the author wishes to include the title of a series (it is not always necessary), the series title is capitalized like a book title, put in roman type, and not enclosed in quotation marks or parentheses. The name of the editor of the series is not given unless it is relevant to the author’s point. The number of the volume in the series should be given in arabic numerals, even if the original has a roman number. See Chicago Manual 15.144?0. Examples:
C. Bremond, J. Le Goff, and J. C. Schmitt, L’Exemplum, Typologie des sources du Moyen Âge occidental, 40 (Turnhout, 1982).
Hans von Campenhausen, Die Entstehung der christlichen Bibel, Beiträge zur historischen Theologie, 39 (Tübingen, 1968).
C. M. Kauffmann, Romanesque Manuscripts, 1066?190, A Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles, 3 (London, 1975).
Frederick W. Norris, Faith Gives Fullness to Reasoning: The Five Theological Orations of Gregory Nazianzen, Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae, 13 (Leiden, 1991).
William Tabbernee, Montanist Inscriptions and Testimonia: Epigraphic Sources Illustrating the History of Montanism, Patristic Monograph Series, 16 (Macon, Ga., 1997).
Multivolume Works. The treatment of multivolume works in notes can be complicated; authors are asked to strive for clarity and simplicity, and to give only information that is helpful. The number of the volume in the series should be given in arabic, even if the original has a roman number. See Chicago Manual 15.136?3. Examples:
Muriel St. Clare Byrne, ed., The Lisle Letters, 6 vols. (Chicago, 1981), 5:246.
William Farmwinkle, Humor of the American Midwest, vol. 2 of Survey of American Humor (Boston, 1983), 135.
Jaroslav Pelikan, The Growth of Medieval Theology (600?300), vol. 3 of The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine (Chicago, 1978), 76.
Second reference: Pelikan, Medieval Theology, 77?9.
Articles. Articles are cited by author’s name followed by comma, title followed by comma, title of journal in italics, volume number (without number within a volume, such as 4, 1, or month or season of publication), year of publication in parentheses, colon, and inclusive pages. Examples:
A. E. R. Boak, “Some Early Byzantine Tax Records from Egypt,?Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 51 (1940): 56?10, at 100?03.
James F. Powers, “Frontier Municipal Baths and Social Interaction in Thirteenth-Century Spain,?American Historical Review 84 (1979): 655?7.
Second reference: Powers, “Frontier Municipal Baths?(n. 12 above), 656.
Standard Abbreviations for Traditio. Traditio has a list of abbreviations that are to be used without any further explanation; see appendix to these Notes. Authors should check that list carefully. Abbreviations are not italicized.
List of Abbreviations Supplied by Author. If several works will be referred to frequently, or if the author intends to use an abbreviation throughout, this detail should be noted and the works cited in alphabetical order by author or abbreviation in the first footnote. Examples:
The following abbreviations are used throughout: Amann, L’époque = E. Amann, L’époque carolingienne, Histoire de l’église, 6 (Paris, 1947); Bouhot, Ratramne = J.-P. Bouhot, Ratramne de Corbie: histoire littéraire et controverses doctrinales (Paris, 1976).
The following abbreviations will be employed: AHDL = Archives d’histoire doctrinale et littéraire du Moyen Âge; HTCP = A History of Twelfth-Century Philosophy, ed. P. Dronke (Cambridge, Mass., 1988).
Citations from the works of Chaucer are from The Riverside Chaucer, ed. L. D. Benson (Boston, 1987), and will be identified hereafter by an abbreviated title and line number.
If the list comprises more than three or four entries, however, it is best put into tabular form, with the abbreviations in alphabetical order, flush left, and a new paragraph for each entry. The list will be set in the form of hanging indents.
Abbreviations for Parts of Books. Use the following abbrevations: n., nn. [note(s)]; line, lines [no abbreviation]; col., cols. [column(s)]; bk., bks. [book(s)]; n.s. [new series]; esp. [especially]; vol., vols. [volume(s)]; MS, MSS [manuscript(s) ?no period]. Eliminate the following abbreviations except there they are absolutely required for clarity: vol. [volume], p., pp. [page(s)], v. [verse], no. [number]. The abbreviations l. ll. for line(s) or liber (libri) should never be used, as they are easily misread as numerals.
Classical and Patristic Works. For standard abbreviations of classical authors?names and works, see the comprehensive listing in the Oxford Classical Dictionary. For Greek patristic works, see the abbreviations in G. W. H. Lampe, A Patristic Greek Lexicon. For writings of ancient and medieval authors, the title of the work will be followed by the indication of the book and chapter, or whatever subdivisions there may be. Arabic numerals designating these subdivisions should be separated by periods (without insertion of space); the comma (or, if appropriate, the semicolon) followed by a space separates two consecutive references (e.g., Cicero De officiis 2.7.24; De oratore 1.44.196, 46.201; 2.30.132; Pliny Ep. 2.4, 7, 14). The edition used should be specified in the first citation; if several editions of the same work have been cited, the editor’s surname must be given in each citation. If the work is in translation, the translator should be cited in the first reference. See Chicago Manual 15.298?11.
Citing Works within a Sentence. Restructure sentences if necessary to avoid placing long citations between subject and predicate. Complex citations should go at the end of a sentence or quotation, even if this means repeating the author’s name. This helps to place the citation in immediate proximity to the quotation to which it refers. The following are acceptable citations:
According to Abelard’s Historia calamitatum (ed. J. Monfrin [Paris, 1978], 65.85?1), William revised his theory from claiming that universals are essentialiter or in essentia the same to saying that they are indifferenter the same.
See Ochsenbein, Studien (n. 1 above), 168?9, for a conspectus of views all agreeing on the fundamental incoherence of the ethical section of the poem.
Minnis shows that Chaucer knew the works of Remigius, particularly the Commentary. A. J. Minnis, “Glossynge is a Glorious Thing: Chaucer at Work on the ‘Boece??The Medieval Boethius: Studies in the Vernacular Translations of De consolatione philosophiae (Cambridge, 1987), 106?4.
Grabmann cites a very interesting Bamberg manuscript from the second half of the twelfth century, which is clearly working in the same hierarchies of science as William. [Long quotation follows.] M. Grabmann, Die Geschichte der scholastischen Methode, 2 vols. (Freiburg, 1909?1) 2: 37.
Unpublished Manuscripts. Titles of dissertations and unpublished manuscripts should be put within quotation marks and properly capitalized: “Boke of Gode Newys,?“Livre blanc.?A non-title description of a manuscript should not be put within quotation marks or be capitalized as a title: cartulary of Saint-Jean-des-Vignes, notarial accounts, collected letters.
Citing Manuscripts. On first use, manuscript citations should give the city or town first, the name of the depository, the collection, the reference number, and ?where necessary ?a folio reference: Rouen, Bibliothèque municipale 1382 (U. 109). The British Library (BL), Bibliothèque Nationale de France (BNF), Biblioteca nacional and Biblioteca nazionale (BN) are listed in the sigla at the front of the volume. If the citation includes references for recto and verso, these should be put in Roman type and flush with the line rather than superscript: fols. 45r?7v. Column designations should be superscripted: fol. 45ra–b.
After the first reference, the manuscript reference should be shortened. If the abbreviation is less than obvious, it should be explained at the first citation. Examples of full and shortened references: BL Cotton Nero A. i (Nero A. i); BL Add. MS 26789 (Add. MS 26789); BNF MS Lat. 16112, fol. 45 (Lat. 16112, fol. 45); Madrid, BN MS 34568 (BN 34568); Oxford, Bodleian Rawl. B. 27 (Rawl. B. 27); Rouen, Bibliothèque municipale 1382 (U. 109) (Rouen 1382); Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 990 (CCCC 990); York Minster MS XVI D2 (York XVI D2).
The Apparatus Criticus
Printing the Critical Edition of a Text. The strict accuracy of the apparatus criticus in manuscript is imperative, since lines and line numbers are often altered in typesetting. A preset galley of the text will be sent to author in order to adjust the references in the apparatus and the notes to the text pages as they will appear in print. The apparatus criticus references and the notes will be set at the bottom of the text page to which they refer.
The text and the apparatus criticus should be assembled on separate sheets at the end of the main text. Footnotes to the main text should also be assembled separately. Notes may go according to line number with no further indication in the text, or may be numbered as sequential footnotes with superscript indications in the text.
Variant manuscripts should be denoted in the apparatus criticus by single, upper case, bold letters. Abbreviations should be listed alphabetically or in some convenient way as a preface to the text. For instance:
Manuscripts are listed in descending order, from the most complete to the least complete copy:
P = Paris, BN Lat. 314
L = BL Add. MS 18382
Z = Zaragoza, Biblioteca universitaria, MS 41 (olim 225)
Line numbers are given in arabic figures, not boldface. The word or phrase in question is set off by a right bracket. Variants are given in roman type followed (with no comma between) with the manuscript abbreviation in boldface. If more than one variant is given, these are separated by a space, not a comma: 5 teneatis] affigatis LZT commendetis B. If more than one word or phrase in the same line is treated, the entries should be separated by a semi-colon: 4 facili] uel facile marg. L; combibatis] uel collebetis B. Long phrases should be denoted by giving the first and last words separated by an ellipsis: 102?04 quicquid . . . ideo] om. T
Captions
Captions should give full identification of the image, location, and date, including photo credit.
Appendix: Abbreviations
The following sigla are used without further explanation:
AH Analecta hymnica medii aevi
AS Acta sanctorum
BL London, British Library
BN Bibilothèque nationale, Biblioteca Nacional, Biblioteca Nazionale
BNF Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France
CAH Cambridge Ancient History
CCG Corpus Christianorum: Series graeca
CCL Corpus Christianorum: Series latina
CCM Corpus Christianorum: Continuatio Mediaevalis
CIL Corpus inscriptionum latinarum
CMH Cambridge Medieval History
CSCO Corpus scriptorum christianorum orientalium
CSEL Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum latinorum
DACL Dictionnaire d’archéologie chrétienne et de liturgie
DDC Dictionnaire de droit canonique
DHGE Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques
DThC Dictionnaire de théologie catholique
Du Cange Du Cange, Favre, Henschel, Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis
EETS Early English Text Society
GCS Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten [drei] Jahrhunderte
HBS Henry Bradshaw Society
IG Inscriptiones graecae
ILS Dessau, Inscriptiones latinae selectae
JL Jaff? Regesta pontificum romanorum . . . ed. secundam curaverunt S. Loewenfeld
JK (JL: an. 882?198), F. Kaltenbrunner (JK: an. ??90), P. Ewald (JE: an. 590
JE ?82)
LThK2,3 Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche, 2d, 3d ed.
Mansi Mansi, Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio
MGH Monumenta Germaniae historica
OED A New [Oxford] English Dictionary on Historical Principles
PG Migne, Patrologia graeca
PL Migne, Patrologia latina
PO Patrologia orientalis
Potthast Potthast, Regesta pontificum romanorum
RAC Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum
RE Pauly, Wissowa, Krol, Real-Encyclopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft
RIS2 Muratori, Rerum italicarum scriptores: Raccolta degli storici italiani, nuova ed. . . . con la direzione di G. Carducci, V. Fiorini, P. Fedele
SIG Dittenberger, Sylloge inscriptionum graecarum
ThLL Thesaurus linguae latinae
TU Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur
For serial publications of the great academies:
Abh. Akad. . . . [followed by name of city, e.g. Berlin, Munich, etc.] = Abhandlungen der . . . [preussischen, bayerischen, etc.] Akademie der Wissenschaften, philosophisch-historische Klasse.
Similarly for Mémoires, Proceedings, Rendiconti, Sitzungsberichte, etc. The abridged form is always understood as referring to the series covering philosophy and the humanities where several classes or sections exist in a single academy.
Mém. Acad. Inscr. Rendic. Istit. Lombardo
Proc. Brit. Acad. Sb. Akad. Vienna
Rendic. Accad. Lincei
Books of the Bible:
字顺( Alphabetical List of Journals):
